预警卫星对弹道导弹主动段状态估计算法

主动段运动状态估计是导弹防御中重要内容,估计得到的状态及其协方差信息可用来引导地基雷达截获目标。在预警卫星观测背景下,该问题是非线性最小二乘求解问题。建立了基于主动段净加速度模板的运动模型和预警卫星测量模型,针对预警卫星对弹道导弹主动段观测弱、先验信息掌握少问题,提出了基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的最大似然（ML）估计方法来得到主动段状态估计及其协方差。特别地,给出了先验信息（发射时间、主动段净加速度模板）获得与否的三种具体情况,详细推导了在这三种情况下的运动状态估计及其统计特性,进一步考察了算法的适用范围。最后,对算法进行了Monte-Carlo仿真研究,仿真结果表明:三种情况下位置和速度误差都接近于CRLB限,验证了估计算法的一致性和有效性。     

一种基于角度和时差信息的改进型滤波算法

联合角度（DOA）信息和时差（TDOA）信息对运动目标进行多站无源定位实质上是一种非线性估计问题。文章基于DOA和TDOA信息，提出了二种多站对三维空间目标进行定位跟踪的修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波（MGEKF）算法，文中分别推导了角度观测方程和时差观测方程的修正增益函数。计算机仿真表明该算法的定位精度和稳健性能均要高于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法。     

基于Sigma点卡尔曼滤波的天基红外低轨卫星目标跟踪

临近空间高超声速飞行器的飞行速度很高,采用一般的探测手段难以对其进行跟踪,文中采用天基红外低轨卫星对其进行跟踪,建立了适当的目标运动模型和观测模型,分析研究了Sigma点卡尔曼滤波(SPKF)算法,与EKF算法相比,对非线性系统的估计具有较高的精度,且不需要求解复杂的雅克比矩阵。提出了将基于Sigma点卡尔曼滤波的交互式多模型(SPKF-IMM)算法用于天基红外低轨卫星对空间目标跟踪。利用三维空间的机动目标对算法进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明:该算法具有较好的跟踪性能,进一步验证了SPKF-IMM算法的有效性。     

固定单站对三维运动辐射源无源定位算法及可观测性分析

实现固定单站对运动辐射源无源定位,传统的方法是测量TOA和DOA。本文将方位角变化率测量信息也引入该定位问题,提出了基于MGEKF(修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波),对三维运动辐射源的无源定位跟踪算法。通过推导伪线性测量方程,本文进行了测量TOA和DOA对三维运动目标无源定位的可观测性分析。最后给出了计算机仿真结果。     

外辐射源定位中的修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波

针对基于外辐射源的固定单站无源定位问题,给出了一种对运动目标进行定位跟踪的改进型滤波算法。文中首先建立目标角度信息、直达波与散射波的时间差信息以及多普勒频移信息的观测方程,并推导了每个观测方程的修正增益函数,然后利用多个时刻的观测值扩充了观测方程,从而给出了一种基于扩充观测方程的修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波（MGEKF）算法。经过计算机仿真验证,该算法可以提高定位精度,并能有效地抑制滤波发散。     

基于NLS的多机只测角误差配准算法

多机无源融合定位中的误差配准是目前多传感器误差配中的难点之一。当无源传感器获得的观测量存在系统误差却不进行配准时,多机融合定位的效果将受到严重影响。针对这一情况,在多机只测角无源定位问题中提出了一种基于非线性最小二乘（NLS）的误差配准算法。该算法将多机只测角误差配准问题转换为非线性最小二乘估计问题,并采用高斯–牛顿法求解,即先将非线性量测方程线性化并采用加权最小二乘进行估计,然后进行迭代直至收敛到最优估计值。仿真结果表明,与EKF配准算法相比,当观测时间足够长时,本文提出的NLS误差配准算法的定位误差可以接近克拉美罗限（CRLB）,并且对系统误差的估计精度非常高。      

预警卫星对弹道导弹关机点战术参数的估计

为了对弹道导弹关机点战术参数进行准确估计,需要根据预警卫星的探测信息对导弹进行定位。基于双星定位原理及导弹弹道特性,给出了从测量坐标系到地球固定坐标系的转换模型,双星定位模型,关机点时刻、关机点位置以及关机点速度估计模型,并利用仿真工具STK,结合美国新一代导弹预警卫星系统———空间跟踪与监视系统(STSS),对关机点战术参数的估计进行了仿真,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性,并说明STSS与传统预警卫星相比,具有更好的探测预警能力。     

一种融合时差频差和测向的运动目标跟踪方法

传统的星载无源定位系统对空中辐射源定位求解通常采用假设高程的方法,高程假设误差将对定位跟踪精度造成较大影响。为实现未知高程运动辐射源的高精度定位跟踪,针对异轨三星构型的无源定位系统,提出了一种基于时差、频差和二维测向融合的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(Iterative Extended Kalman Filter, IEKF)跟踪方法。在WGS-84坐标系下建立了状态方程和观测方程,并采用IEKF方法对目标状态进行估计。仿真结果表明,该方法可对未知高程的运动目标进行高精度状态估计,典型仿真场景下的目标高程估计精度达到百米量级,相对于已有方法收敛时间更短,并且在卫星覆盖范围内具有更大的高精度定位跟踪区域。     

双站基于角度和时差的近似无偏定位算法

联合角度（DOA）和时差（TDOA）信息对运动目标进行无源定位实质上是一种非线性估计问题。针对将非线性观测方程转化为伪线性方程会产生有偏估计的缺点,该文基于双站定位中获得的角度和时差信息,给出了一种对三维空间目标定位跟踪的近似无偏估计滤波算法,它只需要对一对矩阵束进行广义特征分解,即可获得目标坐标和速度的估计值。计算机仿真结果表明,相比有偏估计滤波算法,如伪线性卡尔曼滤波（PLKF）算法或者最小二乘（LS）算法,该算法具有更高的定位精度,并且当观测误差增大时,其优势更加明显。     

扩展卡尔曼滤波在无源定位中的应用研究

阐述了卡尔曼滤波(KF)和扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的原理和方法,建立了无源定位系统的状态模型和观测模型,推导了将非线性观测模型线性化,并利用EKF进行递推滤波估计的步骤和公式。通过计算机仿真,验证了运用EKF算法解决基于方位角及其变化率测量信息的无源定位方法,结果表明,运用EKF滤波算法,可以实现单观测站对运动目标的无源定位,初始状态估计误差对定位收敛的性能有较大影响。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.