基于BP和RBF神经网络的C-V2X无线资源管理

为了提升蜂窝车联网（Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything,C-V2X）资源复用的有效性和降低终端间的干扰，提出通过神经网络对未来时刻车流量的预测辅助无线资源管理方案。依据车载单元（On Board Unit,OBU）与路侧单元（Road Side Unit,RSU）间的车联网消息，获取RSU覆盖区域内各时刻的车流情况，分别采用BP（Back Propagation）神经网络和RBF（Radial Basis Function）神经网络进行短时交通流预测。RSU根据预测结果进行自适应分簇，簇间复用相同资源，簇内进行资源池的划分，RSU覆盖内的OBU在划分的资源池中选择发送资源，从而减少终端间的干扰，并保证热点区域车辆拥有更多的资源。仿真结果表明，在道路交通拥塞的场景下，所提方案的数据包接收率较标准中的方案提升14%，较典型文献方案提升10%，保证了通信的可靠性。     

一种基于Android和JXTA协议模型的无线D2D通信技术

移动通信系统的快速发展使得频谱资源日益紧缺。D2D通信是一种在系统的控制下,允许终端之间通过复用小区资源直接进行通信的新型技术。它能减少小区网络的负载,还能支持新型的小范围点对点数据通信,是未来绿色通信发展的趋势。针对这一新型的通信技术,提出了基于Android OS平台,以JXTA协议为模型的无线D2D通信技术,使得移动终端之间能够进行通信与资源共享,并通过网络实验验证了其有效性。     

A Survey of Cooperative Games for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative cognitive radio networks are new cognitive radio paradigm. Cooperative communication approaches, such as cooperative spectrum sensing and cooperative spectrum sharing, are playing key roles in the development of cognitive radio networks. To achieve the high performance, a cooperative cognitive communication framework is often used to model various cooperative spectrum sensing or sharing scenarios. However, its implementation faces numerous challenges due to the complexity of mobility and traffic models, the needs of dynamic spectrum access, the heterogeneous requirements from different users, and the distributed structure of the network. Fortunately, cooperative game theory can be used to formulate and model the interactions among licensed and unlicensed users for spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing to efficiently allocate spectrum resource in the highly dynamic and distributed radio environment. In this paper, we first present the cooperative communication technologies and describe their existing challenges, then introduce different game solutions, after that, we discuss several cooperative game strategies, and analyze the associated their applications in cognitive radio networks, at final, some open directions for future research on economic strategies in cooperative communication in cognitive radio networks are proposed.     

Survey of software defined D2D and V2X communication

The related D2D (device-to-device) and V2X (vehicle-to-everything) are regarded as vital components of 5G communication system,which providing alternative network services and multiple application services for cellular network.In the meanwhile,SDN (software defined networking) can improve the compatibilities and flexibilities of D2D and V2X.SD-D2D (software defined D2D communication) and SD-V2X (software defined V2X communication) technologies were reviewed.Based on their similarities and respective characteristics,their state-of-arts and architectures were reviewed accordingly,and the key technologies such as D2D location/discovery management,D2D routing control,D2D flow table management,V2V path scheduling,and V2V path recovery were analyzed.Finally,it was pointed out that the SD-D2D architecture was approaching mature and the SD-V2X framework had been preliminarily determined,the existing problems of interference management,mobile management and routing management in D2D/V2X communication could be effectively solved.Furthermore,it was also pointed out that the disconnection between the existing SD-D2D/V2X studies and the actual application needed to be overcome.     

基于可变距离的车联网D2D通信连接选择

车联网是移动互联网的延伸,其中基站协作的D2D通信适用于车间交通消息的短距离无线传播.针对车辆快速移动导致的通信链路动态性,提出了一种基于可变距离的D2D连接选择方法.通过选择行车道及车间距离参数,估计D2D连接对的信道质量,推导了D2D连接选择的优先指数,并基于该优先指数建立D2D通信链路进行交通消息传播.仿真结果显示,所提方法在D2D连接的生存时间、传输效率方面得到提高,同时降低了D2D通信的中断概率,提升了车辆间通信可靠性.     

V2X技术发展历程及应用研究

V2X车联网技术作为物联网的具体应用,同时在智能交通系统中发挥着巨大的作用.随着科技的不断发展,V2X技术在中国也得到了飞快的提升.本文通过对V2X技术的分析与讨论,对现有的V2X技术进行了一个总结.首先通过分析V2X概念及车联网的Ad hoc网络结构与分层网架构,进一步介绍了V2X车联网技术在国内外的发展情况,并阐述了V2X在实际交通中的几个重要应用,最后通过分析车联网在技术上的关键问题,希望能为车联网的进一步研究提供方向.     

An intra–inter-cell device-to-device communication scheme to enhance 5G network throughput with delay modeling

As the number of mobile users is growing, so is the demand for more bandwidth. It becomes important that the required bandwidth and spectral resources do not scale with traffic in the next generation of wireless networks [i.e. fifth generation (5G)]. Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks has been recognized as an essential technique in 5G networks. By applying definite principles and strategies, D2D communication not only increases the spectral and energy efficiency, but also enhances network throughput, network coverage and reduces delay. In this paper, we present an intra–inter-cell D2D communication scheme to enhance throughput of 5G networks. We study call setup delay of two developed communication scenarios and throughput gain comparing three systems. Firstly, we show the enhancements required in current cellular architectures to support inter-cell D2D communication. We develop protocols for two scenarios and demonstrate how architecture entities cooperate for the call setup between D2D users. We measure the overall call setup time for the developed protocols and derive a closed-form delay formula to estimate call setup time probability. Secondly, we perform simulations using a topology similar to that found in realistic urban environments to study throughput gains of the proposed intra–inter-cell D2D communication scheme. We compare three systems in terms of throughput: (1) pure cellular system (with cellular users only), (2) pure cellular system with intra-cell D2D users sharing the same cellular resource, and (3) pure cellular system with intra–inter-cell D2D users sharing the same cellular resource. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme substantially increases the network throughput and spectrum efficiency.     

Interference management in dense inband D2D network using spectral clustering & dynamic resource allocation

Device-to-device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising concept to improve resource utilization in fifth generation cellular networks. D2D network’s architectural capability to offload traffic from the backhaul network to direct links enables it to be used for internet of things (IoT) services. In a densely deployed setting of IoT devices, D2D network may experience critical interferences due to a limited number of spectral resources. To increase the overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the network while reducing the computational load on a macro base station, a novel decentralized interference management methodology is proposed for dense in-band D2D underlay LTE-A network. The proposed interference management scheme can decouple interference in a network into cross-cluster and intra-cluster interference and tackle with them separately. To mitigate the cross-cluster interference in a dense D2D network we propose dividing the densely deployed D2D user equipments (UEs) network into well-separated clusters using spectral clustering with modified kernel weights. The proposed spectral clustering scheme obtains well-separated clusters with regards to cross-cluster interference, that is, the UEs that offer maximum interference to each other are grouped into the same cluster. Thereafter, a dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed within each cluster to reduce the intra-cluster interference. The proposed dynamic resource allocation algorithm uses graph coloring to allocate resources in such a manner that after each spectrum allocation, a small cell base station updates the interference graph and assigns the next largest interference affected UE a spectrum resource that minimizes the overall intra-cluster interference the most. In conventional graph coloring, the adjacent UEs are allocated different spectrum resources without taking into consideration if the allocated spectrum resource might result in increased interference in the cluster. The simulation results show that the proposed clustering strategy considerably reduces the average cross-cluster interference as compared to other benchmark clustering algorithms such as K-means and KPCA. Moreover, the proposed resource allocation algorithm decreases the intra-cluster interference in the network resulting in the overall SINR maximization of the network.

     

基于信道反转的C-V2X动态功率控制方案

蜂窝车用无线通信(cellular vehicle-to-everything,C-V2X)系统中,基于V2V(vehicle-to-vehicle)车载通信采用复用蜂窝用户(cellular user,CUE)的频谱资源减轻基站负载实现部分近场V2V通信,在提高系统传输速率的同时也产生了同频干扰的问题。针对该问题,提出基于信道反转的动态功率控制方案,在非截断区内对V2V用户(V2V user,VUE)进行信道反转功率控制,补偿因发射功率有限造成的截断中断,通过动态功率控制解决蜂窝用户和V2V用户间的同频干扰。在此基础上,通过拉格朗日乘子法得到目标函数的最优对偶解,利用二分法确定CUE和VUE的最优功率,满足蜂窝用户传输速率要求的同时最大化V2V用户的总传输速率。数值仿真结果表明,当VUE总中断概率为0.866时,该方案使系统性能提升了48%。     

Enhancing quality of experience using peer‐to‐peer overlay on device‐to‐device communications

With the recent development of LTE‐A/5G technologies, data sharing among mobile devices offer an attractive opportunity to reduce Internet access. However, it requires smart strategies to share the data with low trade‐offs in time, cost, and energy. Several existing schemes offer a super‐peer‐based two‐tier model using a distributed hash table (DHT) organization for smart devices having device‐to‐device (D2D)/Bluetooth/WiFi capabilities. The primary focus of these schemes has been to reduce Internet usage by increased D2D content sharing. However, the real challenge is not in creating a two‐tier model, but evolving an efficient overlay that offers enhanced opportunities for D2D content sharing over the existing model. In this paper, we formulated a P‐median‐based selection of tier‐1 devices in a distribution network and solved it using the Lagrangian relaxation method. The tier‐2 devices become clients seeking content sharing services from tier‐1 devices. A strong motivation in this work is to raise a user's perception of the grade of service known as quality of experience (QoE). We analyzed the challenge for QoE assessment in resource‐constrained smartphones under the proposed model of enhanced D2D communication. Our focus is to establish a framework to evaluate QoE for applications and services over LTE‐A/5G networks with an improved D2D communication level. The simulation and the experimental results validate the claim that substantial improvements in QoE are possible with the proposed mathematical model for selecting and placing tier‐1 mobile devices and maintaining a DHT for D2D communication.     

基于无人机中继的星地认知网络波束成形算法

针对基于无人机中继的星地认知网络,提出了两种波束成形（beamforming, BF）算法,通过对各种干扰进行抑制,实现系统间的频谱共享。具体而言,在基于无人机中继的卫星网络作为次级网络、地面网络作为主网络的情况下,以无人机最大发射功率和主用户所受干扰为约束条件,建立次级用户信干噪比最大化准则的优化问题;接下来在已知次级用户统计信道状态信息的条件下,提出一种基于迭代的BF算法对优化问题进行求解;更进一步,为了降低迭代算法的实现复杂度,提出了一种基于迫零的BF算法。最后,计算机仿真验证了所提两种波束成形方案的正确性与有效性。     

A novel batch-based group key management protocol applied to the Internet of Things

Many applications for ad hoc networks are based on a point-to-multipoint (multicast) communication paradigm, where a single source sends common data to many receivers, or, inversely, on a multipoint-to-point communication paradigm, where multiple sources send data to a single receiver. In such scenarios, communication can be secured by adopting a common secret key, denoted as “group key”, shared by multiple communication endpoints. In this work, we propose a novel centralized approach to efficiently distribute and manage a group key in generic ad hoc networks and Internet of Things, while reducing the computational overhead and network traffic due to group membership changes caused by users’ joins and leaves. In particular, the proposed protocol takes advantage of two possible leave strategies: (i) at a pre-determined time selected when the user joins the group or (ii) at an unpredictable time, as in the case of membership revocation. The proposed protocol is applied to two following relevant scenarios: (i) secure data aggregation in Internet of Things (IoT) and (ii) Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs).     

Mode selection schemes for unicasting device‐to‐device communications supported by network coding

Device‐to‐device (D2D) communication in a cellular spectrum increases the spectral and energy efficiency of local communication sessions, while also taking advantage of accessing licensed spectrum and higher transmit power levels than when using unlicensed bands. To realize the potential benefits of D2D communications, appropriate mode selection algorithms that select between the cellular and D2D communication modes must be designed. On the other hand, physical‐layer network coding (NWC) at a cellular base station—which can be used without D2D capability—can also improve the spectral efficiency of a cellular network that carries local traffic. In this paper, we ask whether cellular networks should support D2D communications, physical‐layer NWC, or both. To this end, we study the performance of mode selection algorithms that can be used in cellular networks that use physical‐layer NWC and support D2D communications. We find that the joint application of D2D communication and NWC scheme yields additional gains compared with a network that implements only one of these schemes, provided that the network implements proper mode selection and resource allocation algorithms. We propose 2 mode selection schemes that aim to achieve high signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio and spectral efficiency, respectively, and take into account the NWC and D2D capabilities of the network.     

Swarm intelligence‐based radio resource management for V2V‐based D2D communication

Internet of Things is a promising paradigm that provides the future network of interconnected devices. Device‐to‐Device (D2D) communication, which is considered as an enabler for vehicle‐to‐everything applications, has become an emerging technology to optimize network performance. In this paper, we study the Radio Resource Management (RRM) issue for D2D‐based Vehicle‐to‐Vehicle communication. The RRM key role is to assure the proficient exploitation of available resources while serving users according to their quality of service parameters. An Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)‐based Resource Allocation (ACORA) scheme is proposed in this paper. Swarm intelligence algorithm ACO is adopted to reduce the computational complexity while realizing satisfactory performance. Simulation results show promising performance of our proposed ACORA scheme.     

基于正交时频空间调制的通信感知一体化系统的公平性功率分配方案

通信感知一体化（integrated sensing and communication，ISAC）通过实现通信和雷达感知的资源共享，在人机交互、车联网（vehicle-to-everything，V2X）、遥感和环境检测等应用场景中很有前景。为解决高移动性的车联网中通信和雷达感知所需的频率资源的冲突，基于正交时频空间（orthogonal time frequency space， OTFS）调制提出了 OTFS-ISAC 系统，基站通过接收车辆反射的回波，获得车辆运动参数，从而建立车辆运动的移动拓扑模型。此外，针对多车辆移动场景，提出了保证用户公平性的非正交多址接入OTFS-ISAC系统设计和功率分配算法。仿真结果表明，相比于无雷达感知辅助的非正交多址OTFS系统，基于OTFS-ISAC的非正交多址接入系统实现了25%的信息速率提升。     

Cooperative caching game based on social trust for D2D communication networks

Content sharing via device‐to‐device (D2D) communications has become a promising method to increase system throughput and reduce traffic load. Due to the characteristic of spectrum sharing in D2D network, confidentiality is becoming a key issue in content transmission. Secure communication in D2D networks is generally guaranteed by a physical‐layer security mechanism. However, this method sacrifices the system transmission rate while ensuring security. Since mobile devices are carried by humans, we can leverage their trust relations to enhance the security of communications. As much, considering the psychology structure and social attributes of mobile users, we build a multidimensional trust evaluation mechanism to evaluate the trust relationship between users, and we pick out the trusted users based on the decision‐theoretic rough sets. By sharing content only between trust users, we can enhance the security of content transmissions without relying on physical‐layer security measures. Meanwhile, content caching is now widely used to improve accessing efficiency and reduce traffic load on cellular networks. However, caching content for other users incurs additional cost, which results in selfish and noncooperative behavior in users. Considering such selfishness, we introduce a cooperative caching game based on multidimensional trust relations to motivate users to cache contents for other devices. In this game, the trust relations and physical distance between two users are considered to formulate the cost function. Furthermore, we introduce an incentive caching algorithm based on social trust to minimize the total cost in the D2D network.     

On Localized Application-Driven Topology Control for Energy-Efficient Wireless Peer-to-Peer File Sharing

Wireless peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing is widely envisioned as one of the major applications of ad hoc networks in the near future. This trend is largely motivated by the recent advances in high-speed wireless communication technologies and high traffic demand for P2P file sharing applications. To achieve the ambitious goal of realizing a practical wireless P2P network, we need a scalable topology control protocol to solve the neighbor discovery problem and network organization problem. Indeed, we believe that the topology control mechanism should be application driven in that we should try to achieve an efficient connectivity among mobile devices in order to better serve the file sharing application. We propose a new protocol, which consists of two components, namely, adjacency set construction (ASC) and community-based asynchronous wakeup (CAW). Our proposed protocol is shown to be able to enhance the fairness and provide an incentive mechanism in wireless P2P file sharing applications. It is also capable of increasing the energy efficiency.     

车联网极低时延与高可靠通信:现状与展望

随着第五代移动通信技术的不断发展,智能交通系统的建设已成为智慧城市建设进程中非常重要的环节,车联网又是智能交通系统中必不可少的组成部分。目前全球汽车使用量急剧上升,为提升人们出行体验,实现车、路、人以及基础设施之间的信息交互,需要一个具备高速大带宽以及高可靠低时延的通信（Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication ,URLLC）网络支撑。而目前基于LTE技术的车联网不能满足URLLC的性能需求,因此提升车联网URLLC的性能成为车联网技术研究的重点。本论文回顾了车联网技术标准的发展历程,对URLLC在车联网应用场景的性能需求进行分析,并对提升车联网高可靠性和极低时延的研究方法进行总结。      

异构云无线接入网场景下D2D通信资源共享与分配

针对异构云无线接入网中的前向链路受限问题,提出了一种基于干扰阈值的设备到设备(Device-to-Device,D2D)多用户分簇方案,并对系统信道和功率资源的分配进行优化。首先根据D2D用户之间的干扰级别,利用着色图理论对多用户进行分簇;然后,在满足D2D用户和蜂窝用户服务质量约束下,建立了基于D2D用户和速率最大化的资源分配模型,并进一步采用二分法对已分簇的D2D用户进行功率优化分配。仿真实验结果验证了所提方案相比传统方案,系统频谱利用率提高了55%以上。     

Mobile IPv6-based ad hoc networks: its development and application

The Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)-enabled network architecture has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we address the issue of connecting mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to global IPv6 networks, while supporting IPv6 mobility. Specifically, we propose a self-organizing, self-addressing, self-routing IPv6-enabled MANET infrastructure, referred to as IPv6-based MANET. The proposed self-organization addressing protocol automatically organizes nodes into tree architecture and configures their global IPv6 addresses. Novel unicast and multicast routing protocols, based on longest prefix matching and soft state routing cache, are specially designed for the IPv6-based MANET. Mobile IPv6 is also supported such that a mobile node can move from one MANET to another. Moreover, a peer-to-peer (P2P) information sharing system is also designed over the proposed IPv6-based MANET. We have implemented a prototyping system to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the IPv6-based MANET and the P2P information sharing system. Simulations are also conducted to show the efficiency of the proposed routing protocols.