基于外点法的海上蒸发波导反演研究

在海上蒸发波导反演研究中,传统的遗传算法存在反演速度慢,早熟收敛的现象.在GPS散射信号反演海上蒸发波导的背景下,基于双参数蒸发波导模型,运用一种约束最优化方法——外点法（外部惩罚函数法）进行目标函数搜索,从而进行蒸发波导反演.实验的目的是为了验证算法的优越性,所以不考虑接收机的灵敏度等问题.因此,假定波导高度真值,由此得出的功率矢量看作实测的GPS散射信号功率,同时,在一定波导高度范围内逐一进行搜索,搜索到的每一个高度值对应的功率矢量即为仿真的GPS散射信号功率,根据目标函数,分别与实测值进行比较,最接近的一组功率矢量对应的波导高度即为反演得到的最优值.实验结果显示出外点法相对于蚁群算法,反演速度快,迭代次数少,计算结果精度较高.     

基于不同天线高度雷达海杂波的蒸发波导反演

分析了影响雷达海杂波反演海洋蒸发波导的几个关键因素,建立了蒸发波导修正折射率剖面的两参数模型,提出了一种提高蒸发波导反演精度的方法。由于天线高度不同时,雷达接收的海杂波携带的波导特征信息不同,基于天线伺服系统,建立了可调天线高度雷达系统的两参数蒸发波导反演模型。通过与固定天线高度的蒸发波导两参数反演比较,验证了该反演模型具有较高的稳定性和反演精度。     

反演蒸发波导的改进粒子群优化算法

雷达利用携带的海杂波信息可以反演出海面蒸发波导参数.为了提高蒸发波导反演性能,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化算法.当实测雷达海杂波功率与蒸发波导模型计算所得杂波功率之间建立的目标函数取最小值时,可反演得到最接近实测蒸发波导剖面参数.根据这一思想,在基本粒子群算法基础上通过对惯性权重和学习因子进行自适应调整,引入自适应压缩因子来确保算法快速收敛,并获得高精度的蒸发波导参数.算法仿真实验证明,改进粒子群优化算法相比于基本粒子群算法具有较好的全局收敛性,在处理较大规模数据时反演速度明显提高.     

一种蒸发波导预测的改进模型

利用大概率的近海面蒸发波导效应实现雷达超视距探测已成为目前岸基、舰船无线电测量系统的关键技术之一。在实际应用中,需要由蒸发波导参数建立大气修正折射率剖面的预测模型。针对目前常用的蒸发波导预测只含波导高度和海面修正折射率两个参数,没有考虑波导强度的影响,使得该模型存在一定的误差的现状,通过在原有模型的基础上增加波导强度的影响,建立了高精度的改进模型,使得蒸发波导预测模型的精度得到了有效提高,进而可进一步提高雷达超视距探测精度。实验验证表明,蒸发波导预测改进模型的精度远远高于常用的模型,且波导强度越强,则改正模型的精度越高。     

海上蒸发波导PJ模型在我国海区的适应性初步研究

 本文简述了海上蒸发波导的测量方法,分析了气象水文参数测量误差对Paulus-Jesk(PJ)模型的影响,利用近两年海上实验采集的我国部分海区在各种气象条件下蒸发波导大气折射率剖面和海面气象水文数据,研究了PJ模型的适用条件,以及PJ模型估计出的蒸发波导高度与实测结果的偏差情况,可为蒸发波导模型的修正和蒸发波导条件下雷达最大探测距离的预测提供参考.     

粗糙海面建模及其在蒸发波导传播中的应用研究

海上蒸发波导微波超视距电波传播对舰载雷达的运行具有重要的影响. 本文基于粗糙海面电波散射特征和海面高度分布概率密度函数,提出了一种考虑海面遮蔽影响的海上电波传播计算方法,并与两种不包含遮蔽影响的粗糙海面建模的计算结果进行了模拟和试验对比. 计算结果为:1）随着计算频率和风速的增大,不同粗糙海面处理方法的计算结果差异增大,对应位置的路径损耗差异可达10 dB;2）基于试验数据的对比初步显示采用考虑遮蔽影响改进的抛物方程模型预测的路径损耗精度相对较高,粗糙海面对电波的遮蔽效应是蒸发波导传播损耗计算中的一个重要因素;3）试验结果为不稳定大气时采用NPS蒸发波导模型、稳定大气时采用PJ蒸发波导模型预测大气折射率剖面,所预测的路径损耗要优于采用单一蒸发波导模型的结果. 本文所得结果对海上电波传播计算和大气波导的反演等具有参考价值.     

用伪折射率和相似理论计算海上蒸发波导剖面

本文说明了以伪折射率为相似参量用相似理论估算蒸发波导高度的理论方法.由于海面附近折射率梯度变化可近似认为与气压无关,所以定义了伪折射率,推导了其相似公式,得到了蒸发波导高度满足的方程和一般文献都未给出的M剖面计算公式.本文给出了本方法的计算机模拟典型结果、利用实测海洋资料计算的蒸发波导高度等参数的统计结果蒸发波导剖面以及海上折射率测量结果和本方法预测结果的对比结果等,这些结果表明本文给出的方法是有效的.     

蒸发波导环境掠射角对雷达海杂波的影响

利用雷达海杂波反演对流层波导是当前国内外研究热点,这是一个典型的电磁逆问题.为了尽可能降低反演的不确定性, 文章基于对流层波导大气修正折射率水平非均匀性, 通过分析蒸发波导环境掠射角对雷达海杂波的影响, 提出了蒸发波导条件下的海杂波功率模型, 并进行了实验验证, 有效提高了对流层波导反演效果.     

蒸发波导条件下雷达探测距离的估计方法

雷达波在近海面传播时受到各种因素的影响,使得雷达探测出现异常现象,尤其在蒸发波导条件下,会形成波导传播。文中描述了通过气象水文信息得到蒸发波导折射率剖面,再由电波传播模型和修正的雷达方程估计出雷达在蒸发波导条件下的作用距离。并通过试验,初步验证了上述方法。     

GPS海面散射信号探测技术研究

该文简述了利用GPS散射信号进行微波遥感的背景和优点,并从GPS海面散射信号极化特性、信号波动情况、波程差引起散射信号相对直射信号的码延迟以及由于海面粗糙度引起的散射信号相关功率扩散几个方面详细分析了海面散射GPS信号检测技术。给出了自行研制的延迟映射接收机的工作原理, 在天津近海进行了首次搭载飞行试验,数据分析结果与理论分析符合。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

Call for Papers

正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its