PCF-based polarization splitters with simplified structures

We propose novel polarization splitters based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), in which the cores of the splitters are nearly nonbirefringent. Different from conventional fiber-based polarization splitters, the birefringence in the new splitters results mainly from narrow silica regions physically connecting the two cores. This means that polarization splitting can be achieved without employing highly birefringent cores, which provides a possibility to greatly simplify the structures of the PCF-based polarization splitters and make them more practical. A 5-mm-long splitter with an extinction ratio of 20 dB has been obtained. We also discuss how the silica regions influence coupling characteristics of the dual-core PCFs and present a design guidance for the polarization splitters based on polarization-dependent coupling.     

磁光光纤Bragg光栅中偏振消光比特性分析

通过分析磁光光纤Bragg光栅中偏振消光比特性,提出一种利用峰值偏振消光比测量磁场的新方案。利用OptiSystem软件仿真表明,当光栅耦合系数远大于磁光耦合参量时,峰值偏振消光比与外加磁场的对数值成线性关系,与理论分析结果一致。文章还给出了峰值消光比与光栅长度、折射率调制深度和费尔德常数之间关系的解析式,可方便地用于分析磁场的测量性能。     

近水平观测条件下大气背景光偏振度的计算模型

在光电成像领域,偏振滤波抑制大气背景光是提高成像质量的重要技术途径,其前提条件是分析和计算近水平观测条件下大气背景光偏振度。经典的Rayleigh散射理论和Wilkie天空光偏振模型在近水平观测条件下计算大气背景光偏振度存在较大误差。通过改进Wilkie模型,给出以观测地的经纬度、观测日期和时间、观测方向及大气能见度为输入的近水平观测条件下大气背景光偏振度的计算模型。实验表明:该模型在近水平观测条件下取得比Rayleigh散射理论和Wilkie天空光偏振模型更精确的大气背景光偏振度计算结果。此外,分析了偏振片消光比对大气背景光偏振度测量误差的影响。     

保偏光纤模式耦合分析及其相干检测

当保偏光纤存在结构不均匀或者受到外部扰动时,将使其内部传输的一部分偏振光耦合到与其正交的偏振态上去。分析了保偏光纤内偏振光模式耦合的原理,给出了基于白光干涉法的偏振模式耦合检测方法,并用迈克尔逊干涉仪对保偏光纤的偏振模式耦合的耦合强度和耦合点发生的空间位置进行了测试。通过步进电机控制迈克尔逊干涉仪扫描臂的反射镜移动,改变干涉仪两臂之间的光程差,来补偿由于偏振耦合而形成的两偏振光从保偏光纤出射时的光程差,实现了对偏振耦合的测量。为提高检测系统的灵敏度,需提高输出信号的信噪比,对光源发出的光进行高频调制,通过频谱搬移和相干解调,有效地抑制了各种干扰和噪声,使输出信号的峰值信噪比提高了5.1 dB,耦合强度测试最小值也由-57.6 dB提高到-62.7 dB,增强了测试系统检测微弱偏振耦合的能力。     

A compact two-dimensional grating coupler used as a polarization splitter

We demonstrate a novel polarization splitter based on a two-dimensional grating etched in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The device couples orthogonal modes from a single-mode optical fiber into identical modes of two planar ridge waveguides. The extinction ratio is better than 18 dB in the wavelength range of 1530-1560 nm and the coupling efficiency is approximately 20%. The device is very compact and couples light only to transverse-electric modes of the planar waveguides. Therefore, it may be used in a polarization diversity configuration to implement a polarization insensitive photonic integrated circuit based on photonic crystal waveguides.     

Enhancement of signal-noise-ratio in a distributed polarization mode coupling detection system

White-light interferometry (WLI) is an efficient method for measurement of strain, twist, temperature, and many other physical parameters in fiber-optic measurement systems. [1-10]. It can provide large dynamic range and high accuracy for absolute measurements of displacement and strain. Meanwhile, it is not sensitive to optical power fluctuation [6]. WLI based on optic sensors are immune to electromagnetic interference, suitable for harsh environments and compat- ible with optical fiber dat…     

A novel polarization splitter based on octagonal dual-core photonic crystal fiber

A novel polarization splitter based on octagonal dual-core photonic crystal fiber(O-D-PCF) is proposed. The impacts of several fiber parameters on the coupling characteristics of the polarization splitter are investigated by full-vectorial finite element method(FV-FEM) in detail. Through optimizing the fiber configuration, a 4.267-mm-long polarization splitter with a bandwidth of 37 nm is achieved, and its extinction ratio(ER) is as high as 81.2 d B at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. Compared with the hexagonal dual-core photonic crystal fiber(H-D-PCF) based polarization splitter, both ER and bandwidth of the O-D-PCF based one are effectively improved.     

A novel polarization splitter based on the photonic crystal fiber with nonidentical dual cores

A novel polarization splitter based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with two nonidentical cores is proposed. The two highly birefringent cores are vertically arranged to obtain polarization selective coupling. The horizontal polarization exchanges its energy between the two cores. However, the vertical polarization shows little coupling between the two cores. This is achieved in single-material glass waveguides for the first time to our knowledge. The PCF-based polarization splitter exhibits many advantages such as shorter length, high extinction ratio, and wide bandwidth over its counterparts.     

保偏光纤偏振特性测试系统的光路研究

光纤陀螺是干涉型传感器,光的偏振特性影响该传感器的精度,因此需要对光纤的偏振态进行精确的测试。目前国外有些公司出售检偏系统,但所给的指标并不高,而且价格也非常昂贵,国内使用的测试系统一般都为自制．精度普遍不高,实际测量的消光比小于系统的理论消光比。有偏振特性系统的设计和测试结果,却没有系统误差原因的详细分析。针对这一问题,在给出了高精度保偏光纤偏振测试系统的光路结构基础上．对系统中影响消光比的光路误差进行了分析和计算。通过理论分析和计算机模拟计算,得到本系统的消光比在给定的误差范围内可以达到55dB,能够满足高精度的测量。同时,在计算中得到了e光和。光的透射率,计算结果中棱镜e光的透射率比以往的结果精确2．34％．     

Origins and control of polarization effects in single-mode fibers

The polarization state of light in single-mode fibers is very sensitive to any perturbation which is not symmetric about the fiber axis. While this is a source of noise, drift, or signal fading in some applications, it can also be exploited in novel guided-wave devices. The basic birefringences that couple the two modes and change the polarization state along the fiber are reviewed. The three cases of uniform, phase-matched, and random coupling are considered. Polarization preservation in both low- and high-birefringence fibers is achieved by reducing this coupling. In addition to polarization-state changes, bireftingent fibers can quickly reduce the polarization degree of nonmonochromatic light if both modes are excited, a characteristic that greatly simplifies evaluation of the degree of polarization preservation in these fibers. Current evaluations of the birefringence and the polarization-holding ability of state-of-the-art fibers are discussed, and it is concluded that fibers with good polarization-holding properties are becoming available.     

Surface micromachined integrated optic polarization beam splitter

An integrated polarization beam splitting system composed of one binary phase Fresnel collimating lens and one polarization beam splitter (PBS) has been realized on a single Si chip using a commercially available foundry polysilicon surface micromachining process [Multi-User Mems Process, or (MUMPS)] at Mems Center at North Carolina (MCNC). The polarization extinction ratios of 10 dB for the transmitted light and over 20 dB for the reflected light have been achieved. The whole system is prealigned through computer-aided design on a Si substrate and is lifted up perpendicular to the substrate after structure release. This system opens opportunities for various applications where the light polarization states could be utilized     

超短双芯光子晶体光纤偏光分束器

提出了一种基于椭圆双芯光子晶体光纤的偏振分束器,并利用全矢量有限元法分析了偏振分束器长度与结构参数的关系,由此得出了偏振分束器长度随孔间距、占空比和桥路变化的一般规律。研究表明,当椭圆双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器结构参数一定时,孔间距越小,桥路宽度越宽,则分束器长度越短;占空比变化对长度影响不明显,但对消光比的影响较明显。进而,通过结构参数的优化,设计出一种超短的椭圆双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器,在工作波长1 550 nm处,该分束器的长度仅为0.775 mm,消光比高达50 dB,消光比大于20 dB的带宽覆盖了从1 535~1 565 nm之间30 nm的波长范围,即通信C波段范围。     

A study of the polarization properties of a rectangularpolarization-maintaining fiber

An experimental study of the polarization properties of a rectangular polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber is reported. The extinction ratio is measured at 1320 nm for lengths of 20, 40, 100, 310, and 804 m. The length dependence of the extinction ratio is demonstrated to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of a model derived from random coupling theory. This agreement is due to the careful winding and packaging of the rectangular PM fiber, whereby minimal external perturbations are introduced. This is facilitated by the rectangular geometry of the fiber. The polarization-holding parameter is 2.08±0.09×10^-6 m^-1     

基于两次衰减全反射结构的激光偏振控制器

为了实现激光偏振态的控制和提高两偏振态消光比,用由各向异性材料加工而成的耦合棱镜并采用两次衰减全反射方法,使具有相同入射角的TE和TM偏振态的共振激发条件不同,即当TE偏振态满足共振激发条件能量耦合进波导时,TM偏振态却不满足共振激发条件而被反射来实现其在空间上的分离.同时将电光系数较大、光学性能和热稳定性好的聚合物材料作为波导层,利用其电光效应来改变共振条件来实现输出光束偏振态的调谐.结果表明,反射型结构插入损耗小于0.2dB,器件的消光比高达27dB,驱动电压为19V.该方案预计在光信息存储、光路由、光开光以及图像处理等光学系统里有着极其广泛的应用.     

Broad-band optical directional couplers and polarization splitters

A method is described for designing broadband optical directional couplers. The basic idea is to determine an optimum distance between the waveguides where wavelength dependence of the coupling coefficient vanishes at a given wavelength. The method is applied to design directional coupler polarization splitters. As an example the computer design of a polarization splitter made of single-mode twin-core optical fiber is presented. The extinction ratio obtained for waves with undesired direction of polarization is better than -20 dB within a wavelength range of 80 nm. The sensitivity of the design to variations of the main parameters caused by the production process is discussed for characteristic examples     

Automated fusion-splicing of polarization maintaining fibers

An advanced splicing technique for polarization maintaining (PM) fibers has been derived based on the polarization observation by lens-effect-tracing (POL) method. With this technique, azimuthal alignment on common types of PM fibers can be automatically performed in a passive way by an automated fusion splicer. Because the method permits an accurate estimation of the splice's extinction ratio before and after actual splicing, the quality of the splice call be estimated without having to make an active measurement. The experiment results illustrated in the paper show a mean extinction ratio 32.2 with 2.73 dB standard deviation and mean difference between measured and estimated extinction ratio 0.18 dB, respectively, for six different types of PM fibers     

谐振式硅基集成光学陀螺的偏振噪声建模与分析

偏振噪声是谐振式集成光学陀螺的主要光学噪声源,其存在大大降低了系统的精度,为了定量化研究谐振式集成光学陀螺偏振噪声的产生机理,利用琼斯矩阵和光束传播法建立了谐振式硅基集成光学陀螺偏振噪声模型,该模型综合考虑了波导传输介质中的光偏振态交叉耦合、应力双折射等的影响,有效地逼近了实际的物理系统。基于上述模型得出了谐振腔内二氧化硅波导本征偏振态交扰与陀螺极限输出之间的表达式。对波导谐振腔内与偏振相关的3个因素:输入光偏振态、温度波动和波导保偏性能进行了仿真分析。并通过在输入端插入高偏振度起偏器的实验装置,有效验证了所建偏振理论模型受输入光偏振态波动影响的正确性。     

超宽带天线极化特性对相位干涉仪测角精度的影响

在超宽带相位干涉仪体制测角系统的使用过程中发现,该体制对天线极化特性敏感,严重影响测角精度,尤其在低频段表现明显.文章对一种超宽带Vivaldi天线的极化特性进行了建模,从理论上分析了天线极化特性对来波信号极化测量的影响,其导致相位干涉仪测角系统精度降低.最后,试验测试证明了天线交叉极化特性对相位干涉仪测角精度的负面影响,并提出一种通过修正接收天线极化特性提高测角精度的途径,试验结果表明其可以显著提高测角精度.     

白光扫描干涉仪用于保偏光纤偏振耦合检测

采用白光扫描干涉法，利用Michelson干涉仪中移动臂的移动补偿保偏光纤中产生的光程差，从而实现对保偏光纤绕组中偏振耦合点的耦合强度及空间位置分布的有效检测。分析了白光干涉仪的原理、结构以及干涉条纹特点，进行了保偏光纤环的扫描测量。结果表明，第一个保偏光纤环的质量优于其他各环，证明了仪器设计理论和实验结果相符。     

含负折射率光子晶体缺陷模偏振态的吸收特性

为了研究含负折射率掺杂光子晶体各缺陷模偏振态的吸收特性,引入复折射率并利用光学特征矩阵法进行分析,结果表明：杂质的消光系数对TE波和TM波的缺陷模均有影响,但对TE波的影响更为明显;当消光系数一定时,对TE波而言,中心波长相对较大的两个缺陷模透射峰值均随入射角的增加而迅速减小,而TM波的三个缺陷模透射峰均随入射角的增加而增加。利用这一特性可以设计双（多）通道光子晶体偏振滤波器。