基于超声合成孔径的物体三维轮廓成像技术

文中研究了采用超声合成孔径技术对物体进行三维轮廓成像的方法,通过超声合成孔径成像的数据得到轮廓线图像。根据探头移动轨迹建立三维坐标系,将轮廓线转换点云数据,其中利用边缘检测提高轮廓线的精度,通过轮廓线间的位置关系得到物体表面数据,结合表面数据复原出物体三维轮廓。实验结果表明,采用超声合成孔径技术可以实现物体的三维成像,是又一种有应用价值三维成像技术。     

基于波数扫描干涉的表面轮廓测量

为了高精度测量被测物体表面3维轮廓,采用半导体激光器波数扫描干涉的方法,对激光波数扫描干涉进行了理论分析和实验验证。在迈克尔逊干涉系统的参考端引入一个光楔,通过2-D傅里叶变换提取光楔干涉图像的相位,在线检测激光器输出波数变化,最后对所有时间分辨干涉图像序列进行随机采样傅里叶变换,还原被测物体表面3维轮廓。结果表明,轮廓测量精度达到6.7nm。该方法特别适合于机械零件的质量检验。     

基于参数域映射及B样条插值的三维重构方法

利用单目CCD图像进行物体表面非接触测量的核心是基于单幅图像的三维重构技术,常采用由阴影恢复形状(SFS)的方法实现三维重构。当图像分辨率较低时,通过由阴影恢复形状的方法重构的三维表面模型其分辨力较差,无法满足实际要求。为此提出了一种基于参数域映射及B样条插值的三维重构方法。采用B样条插值技术对图像进行放大处理,通过像素的参数域映射减小图像的失真及高频信息的丢失,根据放大后图像的灰度信息重构物体的三维表面模型。实验表明,基于参数域映射及B样条技术的图像插值方法很好地保护了图像的细节,利用该方法进行三维重构能够有效改善重构模型的分辨力和光顺性,为提高三维表面非接触测量精度创造了条件。     

采用相位图拼接的傅立叶变换轮廓术

针对在傅立叶变换轮廓术中,由于物体表面的阴影或突变而造成条纹的断裂或错位,从而影响物体三维面形重建的问题,提出了一种采用相位图拼接的傅立叶变换轮廓术。在同一参考平面上转动物体获得不同方位的变形条纹图像,由阴影或突变所造成的截断或错位条纹分布在变形条纹图的不同部位,相位值不可靠的点也分布在相位图的不同区域,对旋转前后重建物体在信息可靠区域内进行标记拼接,恢复物体表面完整的三维信息。实验证实了此方法的有效性及实用性。     

基于彩色图像轮廓的深度图像修复方法

针对飞行时间相机获取的深度图像存在大量无效点的问题,提出了一种基于彩色图像轮廓的深度图像修复方法。该方法先通过无效点邻域内像素的值和高斯函数来确定该邻域的方差,结合无效点邻域内有效点个数和方差计算所有无效点的填充顺序,完成填充过程的优先级评估;再将彩色图像中目标物体轮廓投射到深度图像中,结合投影轮廓和欧式距离函数实现对无效点的填充。实验结果表明,与其他常用的修复算法相比,本文算法可以在保护目标物体边缘的前提下,实现对无效点的有效填充,针对不同目标物体,信噪比指标提高了2～14dB。     

基于调制度比的光学三维测量轮廓术

复杂物体的快速三维测量是光学三维轮廓术的难题之一.提出了基于调制度比的光学三维测量新方法,设计了基于共轴光路的测量系统.理论分析表明,在几何光学近似下,物体表面一点调制度比的对数与该点的高度成正比,因此可以用调制度比作为物体高度的载体.通过标定建立高度与调制度比的查找表,测量时利用CCD在两个不同的位置分别获取物体表面的光栅信息,利用傅里叶变换方法计算相应物点的调制度并计算比值,根据调制度比值通过查找表得到相应物点的高度信息.该方法采用共轴光路,有效避免了阴影和遮挡问题;采用调制度比作为物体高度测量的载体,只需要两幅光栅图就可以得到物体的高度信息,具有测量快速的优点.对高为79.51 mm的台阶测量的相对误差为0.86%,实验结果证实了该方法和系统的有效性.     

一种基于清晰度的显微浮雕轮廓术

提出了一种基于清晰度的显微浮雕轮廓术。 采用5倍显微物镜,将正弦条纹通过投影仪从显 微镜目镜瞳口处耦合投射到载物台上,按照一个合适的步长移动Z轴,用CCD采集一系列不同 离焦量下 的条纹图像,用variance清晰度评价函数计算清晰度与离焦量之间的归一化曲线图,由此建 立清晰度与高 度的查找表;然后,放入待测浮雕物体,用CCD采集对应的条纹图像,采用图像分割分解不 同浮雕高度的 区域,再计算各区域内条纹的清晰度,根据查找表查找相应的高度,从而得到待测浮雕物体 不同区域的高 度信息,以此来重构浮雕物体的三维形貌。实验仿真分析证明了该方法的可行性,硬币上数 字为“0”的浮雕 物体表面三维形貌重建结果证明了该方法的有效性,其误差范围在[－2μm,2μm]之间 。     

π相移技术在钢轨三维面型复原中应用效果分析

在傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)中,频谱中的基频分量包含物体的高度信息,基频分量的提取效果对物体三维形貌复原的精度有重要影响。通过π相移技术可以消除背景分量,即零频部分,从而能更好地提取出基频分量,减小测量误差。文中通过计算机仿真对含有噪声的光栅条纹图像进行三维恢复,证实了π相移技术对提高FTP测量精度的作用。并将该方法应用于钢轨表面轮廓的三维复原和测量,为钢轨磨耗和表面缺陷的测量提供有效方法。     

基于CCD的图像液滴分析技术的研究

液体的物理化学性质直接影响到其液滴生长，提出基于CCD的图像液滴分析方法。该方法通过CCD摄像机实时监测液滴生长过程中的轮廓变化情况，经图像处理系统对液滴图像进行预处理、分割和特征提取。提取了面积、周长、液滴长度、矩形度和圆形度等液滴轮廓特征参数，并用主成分分析（PCA）法对这5项指标进行了分析。结合实验，说明了该方法用于液体分析和鉴别的可行性。     

一种具有预测能力的三维图像分割方法

在充分分析三维图像特点的基础上,提出了一种新的三维图像分割方案。该方案在改进的主动轮廓模型的基础上融入了预测算法。三维图像中物体的轮廓沿着空间轴或时间轴的位移和形变是连续的,该算法根据这一特性,利用前几幅图的分割结果来预测当前图像中物体轮廓的位置和形状,弥补了主动轮廓模型搜索范围小的缺点。对医学解剖图像的试验结果表明,这种方法能显著提高分割的准确性和速度。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.