认知无线电中基于SA-MIMO-OFDM的动态频谱共享方案

该文提出一种结合频谱自适应(Spectrum Adaptation,SA)与MIMO-OFDM技术的动态频谱共享方案。该方案基于功率门限模型实现非授权信号的自适应频谱成型,并给出了一种简单的动态功率分配算法以最大化比特率。仿真结果表明,该方案能够克服干扰温度模型的局部干扰问题,使用MIMO技术可进一步提高系统性能,通过动态功率分配算法可降低计算复杂性并提高频谱利用率。     

异构无线系统中基于博弈的动态频谱管理

为提高频谱使用率并增加异构无线网络收益,用微观经济学的无限期轮流出价讨价还价博弈模型进行了异构网络间动态频谱管理的研究,提出了基于讨价还价理论的动态频谱管理(BDSM)方案。根据相关博弈理论,引入讨价还价耐心因子后BDSM存在唯一的均衡点。基于此,提出了实现BDSM方案的简化流程。仿真结果显示,BDSM能有效地提高频谱使用率、扩大单个运营商的利润并提高用户满意度。     

基于认知的LTE系统动态频谱分配

传统的软频率复用(SFR)无法适应长期演进(LTE)系统中业务的动态分布,可能导致小区中心和边缘区域频谱利用率不均。针对此问题,该文提出一种基于认知的LTE系统动态频谱分配方法(Cog-DSA)。该方法利用基站间的相互协作获得频谱使用状态信息,从而确定可用频谱集合,并评估来自邻小区的同频干扰,最终根据可用资源块的通信质量,对重负荷小区边缘进行频谱的动态借用和服务基站的灵活选择。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效改善频谱利用率,减少小区间干扰,显著提升边缘用户的传输速率。     

宏微协同组网下基于小区分簇的联合传输与无线资源分配

针对宏微协同组网下小区间无线资源管理问题,文章提出一种大规模多入多出系统下基于微小区分簇的联合传输和动态频谱分配策略,该策略分两步执行以优化网络加权和速率.首先,所提算法根据各用户当前的信道状态执行微小区分簇,以尽可能地降低小区间干扰,提升系统容量.接着,宏基站和各微小区簇根据所服务用户当前的业务请求信息分别为其动态分配子载波,以最大化网络加权和速率,并提升资源利用率.仿真结果显示,该文提出的微小区分簇和动态频谱分配策略能在尽可能降低宏微协同组网中用户间干扰的同时,有效地提升系统吞吐量.     

一种基于对等协作的动态频谱分配算法

随着无线多媒体技术的发展,优质频谱资源越来越稀缺.针对频谱稀缺和频谱共享问题,提出了一种基于对等协作的动态频谱共享算法.运营商将自己的授权频谱资源部分或全部放入共享频谱池,并根据节点感知到的频谱的使用状况,平等分配该频谱池中的所有资源.仿真结果表明,所提的对等协作方案在运营商间没有信息交互的情况下,网络性能明显优于静态频谱分配方案,并且非常接近运营商间完全信息交互的频谱共享方案.     

WiMax与3G LTE网络互联与融合技术研究

本文先分析WiMax与3GPP长期演进项目(LTE)两种无线接入技术融合的可能性.基于通用链路层(GLL)和协同无线资源管理(CRRM)机制的引入.提出了两种不同的协作程度的百联融合技术的网络架构.引入GLL的目的是为不同的无线接入机制提供统-的链路层数据处理.同时带来两个新的研究子课题:异构发送分集与异构多跳技术.CRRM完成网络间无线资源的协调管理,以达到最优化无线资源利用率和最大化系统容量的目的.几种关键的协同无线资源管理机制包括:接人选择、负载均衡、动态频谱控制技术在文中进行了详细分析及讨论.     

一种基于合同理论的动态频谱分配模型

针对认知无线电技术中的频谱分配问题,考虑一个主用户和多个次用户的认知场景,提出一种基于合同理论的动态频谱分配模型,并引入粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解。模型中,主用户对不同次用户提供不同质量的频谱资源以获得收益最大化,达到优化资源分配、提高频谱利用率的目的。经仿真分析验证,该模型下获得的系统效用接近理论上可获得的最大系统效用,具有实际应用的可行性。     

OFDM/OQAM系统自适应波形设计及多址接入系统

基于传统正交频分复用技术的OFDMA多址接入技术仍然存在循环前缀-正交频分复用(CP-OFDM)技术的固有缺陷,即循环前缀的添加降低了系统频谱利用率,多普勒频移对传统OFDMA系统产生较强的子载波间干扰,且对相邻频带的其他无线传输系统引入较强的相邻信道干扰。该文主要讨论基于扩展高斯函数的正交频分复用系统自适应波形设计,通过信道散射函数选择合适的扩展因子参数,获取更高的频谱利用率和抑制符号间干扰和子载波间干扰。最后该文将自适应波形设计的思想扩展至基于扩展高斯函数的多址接入系统,使每个用户能够根据信道条件选择合适的成形滤波器函数,进而使多址接入系统达到全局最优化。仿真结果验证了该文方法的有效性。     

一种基于频谱复用的新型频谱管理方法

为了解决不完善的频谱管理方法使频谱接入能力所受到的限制而导致频谱资源得不到充分利用的问题,文中提出了一种新颖的谱管理方法.该方法通过动态频谱管理系统和相应帧格式来实现频谱复用,从而增加了系统容量,提高了频谱利用率.     

认知无线电系统中的自适应动态频谱分配方法

该文提出了一种认知无线电系统中多小区间的动态频谱分配方法。该方法提出了对检测到的空闲频谱的空闲时长的预测机制,在此基础上,提出了基于频谱可靠性的自适应频谱分配算法。该算法在提高系统稳定性的基础上,最大化频谱资源的连续性;不仅实现了认知系统中频谱切换率的降低,同时保证了各小区所分配频谱的连续性,避免系统开销的增加及频谱管理的复杂化。此外,该方法采用图论着色理论模型实现了各小区之间干扰的抑制。仿真结果验证了该文方法的正确性。     

一种提高频谱利用率的航空导航台站频率指配算法

针对多个新建航空无线电导航台站高效频率指配问题,根据美国联邦航空管理局( FAA)的频谱管理规范,研究了在已有多台站场景下的频率指配算法。总结了导航台站频率指配的复用干扰和频率配对两个约束条件,给出了提高频谱利用率的频率指配度量准则,设计了单个新建台站的频率指配算法,给出了多台站频率指配的深度优先递归搜索算法。数值仿真结果表明,所提算法在为多个新建台站同时指配频率时,可有效提高频谱利用率。     

Stochastic spectrum handoff protocols for partially observable cognitive radio networks

Recent studies have been conducted to indicate the ineffective usage of licensed bands due to static spectrum allocation. In order to improve spectrum utilization, cognitive radio (CR) is therefore suggested to dynamically exploit the opportunistic primary frequency spectrums. How to provide efficient spectrum handoff has been considered a crucial issue in the CR networks. Existing spectrum handoff algorithms assume that all the channels can be correctly sensed by the CR users in order to perform appropriate spectrum handoff process. However, this assumption is impractical since excessive time will be required for the CR user to sense the entire spectrum space. In this paper, the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is applied to estimate the network information by partially sensing the frequency spectrums. A POMDP-based spectrum handoff (POSH) scheme is proposed to determine the optimal target channel for spectrum handoff according to the partially observable channel state information. Moreover, a POMDP-based multi-user spectrum handoff (M-POSH) protocol is proposed to exploit the POMDP policy into multi-user CR networks by distributing CR users to frequency spectrum bins opportunistically. By adopting the policies resulted from the POSH and M-POSH algorithms for target channel selection, minimal waiting time at each occurrence of spectrum handoff can be achieved which will be feasible for multimedia applications. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed spectrum handoff protocols can effectively minimize the required waiting time for spectrum handoff in the CR networks.     

Performance Evaluation of Secondary Users Operating on a Heterogeneous Spectrum Environment

Radio spectrum is a limited natural resource and with the increasing number of wireless devices, an efficient spectrum management concept to make a better utilization of this resource is essential. Opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) concept is a solution to increase the spectrum capacity and thus reducing the data collision for wireless ad hoc networks. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is developed to realize OSA. Based on CR, the secondary users access opportunistically the spectrum owned by primary users. However, the consequence appearance of primary users affects greatly the performance of secondary users within OSA. Thus, a new spectrum management scheme is a must to reduce such effect. In this paper, a new spectrum management scheme over a heterogeneous spectrum environment is proposed. The proposed scheme is based on using channels from both licensed and unlicensed bands as spectrum environment for ad hoc networks. An analytical model based on Markov chains is developed to evaluate the proposed scheme.     

A hybrid spreading/despreading function with good SNR performancefor band-limited DS-CDMA

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) implemented with direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) signaling is a promising multiplexing technique for cellular telecommunications services. The efficiency of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system depends heavily on the shape of the spectrum of the spread signal. Maximum efficiency is obtained with an ideal brick-wall bandpass spectrum. There are two approaches toward achieving such a spectrum. One is to use a simple spreader that produces a broad spectrum and then follow it with a precise, high order filter to band limit the spectrum. A second approach, which is the approach taken in this paper, is to use a spreader that produces a spectrum close to the ideal spectrum and then employ a simple filter to control the out-of-band power. The proposed spreader/despreader is based on a simple hybrid function and can be easily implemented. An analysis provides a compact expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a RAKE receiver. The expression includes the effects of baseband, intermediate frequency (IF) and RF filtering as well as the effects of the spectral densities of the spreading/despreading functions. The analysis shows that the proposed spreader/despreader yields superior performance over a conventional pseudo noise (PN) spreading/despreading mechanism     

数据驱动的开放动态频谱接入系统构建方法

在认知无线电(CR)背景下,动态频谱接入已成为提高无线网络频谱利用率的重要途径。基于全球移动通信系统-铁路(GSM-R)系统中采集的细粒度频谱监测数据,提出一种数据驱动的深度学习方法,建模频谱模式,并建立一套动态频谱接入访问框架。采用一种深度频谱生成模型指导频谱分配;设计一种综合递归序列表征与场景特征嵌入的深度网络,建模和预测短时频谱占用情况,并由此提出一种动态信道接入策略。进一步,利用软件无线电(SDR)平台实现一套跳频系统,并将其与动态频谱接入策略进行集成。使用真实的历史频谱数据评估该系统的数据吞吐能力,测试结果表明,所提方法及构建的跳频系统能有效提高机会通信能力,高效利用频谱资源。该频谱接入框架及SDR系统实现具有较强的通用性,易于集成到不同场景和频段的系统中。     

Rapid identification of rice seed based on inverse Fourier transform of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The identification of rice seeds is crucial for agriculture production. An inverse Fourier transform (IFT) method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is proposed to identify five kinds of rice seeds. The LIBS data of the samples were preprocessed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and the time-domain signals of rice seeds were obtained. The back propagation (BP) neural network was used to establish full spectrum, segmented spectrum, time-domain full spectrum and time-domain segmented spectrum discrimination models. Compared with the original spectrum, the time-domain spectrum can significantly improve the identification accuracy. The time-domain full-spectrum identification accuracy reached 95.28%, and the time-domain segmented spectrum identification accuracy reached 94.36%, whose identification time was only a few seconds. The results demonstrate that LIBS detection technology combined IFFT and BP neural network is fast and accurate, which provides a new idea for batch detection of rice seeds.     

Spectrum handoff in cognitive radio with fuzzy logic control

The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio (CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication. When Primary Users (PU) who own the spectrum appear, spectrum handoff is needed to maintain the communications of Secondary Users. But the decision making of spectrum handoff is a challenge issue for CR network, because the input of decision making, which obtain through spectrum sensing, is heterogeneous and inexact. In this paper we will use fuzzy logic control theory to solve this issue and make use of new information for handoff operation: the probability of PU’s occupancy at a certain channel. Our new algorithm can make more intelligent decision compared to simple traditional spectrum handoff decision making and reduce the probability of spectrum handoff, also the performance of SU’s communication can be enhanced.     

A Multiagent Based Scheme for Unlicensed Spectrum Access in CR Networks

In recent wireless network domains static spectrum access is a major concern. Generally, this access leads to spectrum scarcity problem by creating empty holes or white spaces. However, the scarcity is temporary and can be alleviated if spectrum access is performed dynamically and efficiently. One important step towards dynamic spectrum access is the development of cognitive radio (CR) technology, which senses nearby spectrum portions (or bands) and tries to use them either opportunistically or by negotiating with the neighboring users. Nonetheless, dynamic spectrum access raises several challenges which need to be addressed in detail. These challenges include efficient allocation of spectrum for users in order to maximize spectrum utilization and to avoid user level conflicts both under licensed and unlicensed bands. In this paper, considering the relative rarity of solutions for unlicensed spectrum access and their inadequacy, we propose a scheme, where the CR devices (equipped with agents) interact with their neighbors to form several coalitions over the unlicensed bands. These types of coalitions can provide a less-conflicted access as the agents mutually agree for spectrum sharing and they allow other CR users to enter in their vicinity of acquired spectrum via bilateral message exchanges. Further, we present continuous time Markov chains to model the spectrum access process in continuous time and derive important performance metric as the blocking probability for without and with queuing systems. Amongst others, the important comparisons we made between analytical and simulation results in terms of blocking probability verify that our proposed model is correct. In essence, our proposed solution aims to increase dynamic spectrum usage by enabling cooperation between the users.     

Quantitative spectrum occupancy evaluation in China: based on a large scale concurrent spectrum measurement

Due to the usable frequency becomes more and more crowed,dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is a new hope to solve this problem.However,DSA in China requires a quantitative analysis of the current spectrum ...