一种射频能量捕获网络移动能量源均衡化充电策略

为解决传统电池供电传感器网络存在的电池不易更换、节点能量容易耗尽等问题,射频能量捕获技术已逐步应用于无线可充电传感器网络中.由于不同位置传感器节点的工作负荷不同,捕获能量也有差异,实现节点能量的均衡化分布可以有效地提高节点的存活率.考虑射频能量源移动充电的场景,在已知节点位置信息的条件下,设计合理均衡的路由方案和充电算法.首先将区域基于蜂窝六边形网格划分,分别对网格和节点分层,提出逐层传输的均衡式路由策略,然后给出无线充电小车的移动路径,对相邻两层内节点剩余能量的方差最小化问题建模,由内层向外层依次确定能量源在各停留点的充电时间.仿真结果表明,相比已有的均衡化充电方法,该策略可以明显提高节点剩余能量的均衡性,从而延长网络的生命周期.     

改进离散粒子群的异构无线传感器网络路由算法研究

异构无线传感器网络深受人们青睐,传感器节点能量的损失与路由算法密切相关,所以路由算法成为近年来无线传感器网络研究工作开展的主攻方向。本文结合改进的自适应离散粒子群算法,提出基于改进自适应离散粒子群算法的异构无线传感器网络路由算法,构建综合性目标函数及确定评价指标。仿真结果表明:改进算法由于在适值函数上充分考虑簇头节点能耗及簇间负载均衡因子,使得算法性能得以改良。     

基于OMAPLl38芯片的无线传感器网络节点设计

随着传感器技术、无线网络技术的迅速发展,无线传感器网络在军事和商业领域有着广泛的应用前景。无线传感器网络中的节点具有感知和路由的功能,是构成无线传感器网络的基本单元。针对传感器节点的特点,基于双核架构OMAPLl38为核心设计了一种低功耗高性能无线传感器节点。在介绍OMAPLl38的基础上,详细阐述了传感器节点设计及实现过程,包括硬件体系结构和软件开发流程,提出一种无线传感器网络节点设计方案。该方案可广泛应用于其他区域的无线传感器网络构建。     

无线传感器网络簇间节能路由算法

针对基于分簇网络的无线传感器网络簇间路由协议,让簇首和Sink节点直接通信或通过簇首节点转发数据造成能耗不均,节点过早死亡的缺陷。文中提出一种基于网关节点模型的无线传感器网络簇间路由算法,通过簇头与网关节点、网关节点自身建立虚电路,制定存储转发路由,将数据转发给Sink节点。并引入延时等待机制,增强了簇间信息的融合度,此算法适用于大规模无线传感器网络,有良好的可扩展性。仿真表明在能量节省等性能上与传统簇间路由算法相较有较大提高。     

基于博弈理论的无线传感器网络分布式节能路由算法

为了有效解决无线传感器网络路由节能问题,该文提出适合无线传感器网络的节能路由算法。在引入博弈理论概念建立网络模型的基础上,通过对于以往传感器网络簇首选择方法的研究,设计了一种基于博弈论的,兼顾节点剩余能量及簇首分布的节能路由DEER(DistributedEnergy-EconomicalRouting),大大节省了分布式决策网络协议的能量损耗。仿真证明了该方法在无线传感器网络中,能够有效地平衡网络负载,节省节点能量,延长网络寿命。     

无线传感器网络能量均衡路由博弈算法

针对无线传感器网络节点能耗不均匀,容易形成网络分区的问题,提出了一种基于博弈论的无线传感网络路由选择策略,建立传感器节点之间以剩余能量为效用的博弈模型,求解并确定节点剩余能量最优的路由。仿真结果表明,所提出的路由选择策略可以有效地最大化节点的剩余能量,同时当该模型处于纳什均衡解时,每条路径的能耗处于均衡状态,有效地利用了传感器节点的能量资源,避免了网络能量的空洞,延长了网络的生命周期。     

可充电无线传感器网络动态拓扑问题研究

在可充电无线传感器网络中的能量补给设备兼任数据采集设备的情况下,提出了可充电无线传感器网络时变动态拓扑模型,并在此基础上根据最大化能量补给设备驻站时间比为目标提出了最优化问题。通过分析不同时刻不同传感器节点和无线能量补给/数据采集设备的工作情况及需要遵循的约束条件,得到与原问题具有等优性的多状态线性规划问题。求解该优化问题,获得可充电无线传感器网络动态拓扑下的周期动态路由和无线能量补给/数据采集设备的工作策略。与之前的研究成果相比,优化目标值均有20%以上的提升。     

浅析ZigBee无线传感器网络设计

ZigBee星形和树形网络存在数据传输途径单一,路由方式不灵活等缺点。为了解决上述问题,提出Cluster-Tree+AODVjr混合路由算法,结合了两种算法的优点,能够实现网状网络架构,可以为数据传输提供多路由方式,能够实现自组织、自愈功能,保证网络良好的进行通信。文中给出了ZigBee节点硬件和软件的设计方案,搭建了小型网状ZigBee无线传感器网络,验证了ZigBee节点组网过程及路由算法的有效性,提高了传感器网络数据传输的可靠性。     

一种有效的稀疏无线传感器网络路由方案

稀疏无线传感器网络中节点之间距离过远,使得移动代理节点成为最有效的数据收集方式,然而移动代理节点由于能量限制无法在一次数据收集中到达网络所有节点进行数据收集.为保证在能量受限的移动代理节点总路由路径最短,给出了一种稀疏无线传感器网络能量受限移动代理节点的路由方案.首先构建移动代理节点的路由数学模型,然后根据移动代理节点初始能量将无线传感器网络划分成不同的子集,最后采用旅行商人问题的模拟退火算法计算出每个子集最短路由,全部子路由的集合即最优路由.仿真及其分析结果表明:随着网络节点个数增多和移动代理节点能量增大,所给方案的总路由能够比较接近于理想情况,在实际应用中比较有效且适于推广.     

基于簇结构的无线传感器网络路由研究综述

介绍了典型分簇无线传感器网络路由协议的分类,总结了分簇路由协议的研究进展。针对无线传感器网络从同构型网络向异构型网络发展的趋势和特点,指出了路由协议向节点间相互协作的发展方向,并且在设计路由协作算法时可采用与无线传感器网络极为相似的多Agent系统模型。     

Researches on the dynamic data routing and recharging schemes for rechargeable wireless sensor networks deployed in 3-dimensional spaces

Wireless sensor networks are bounded by their limited energy supply. Recharging batteries energy from distance by the wireless energy transferring technique will, to certain extent, solve the energy problem of the whole network. During this discussion, we studied the data routing and the recharging schemes for rechargeable wireless sensor nodes deployed in 3-dimensional spaces. According to our objective of maximizing the time ratio of recharging device staying at the service station, we formulate the continuous model, the simplified continuous model and the (T + 1)-phased discrete model. Simulations show that rechargeable wireless sensor networks will keep on working with the help of the amount of energy obtained from recharging devices. Our solution shows better performance than genetic algorithm both in time ratio and time complexity.     

NHRPA: a novel hierarchical routing protocol algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Considering severe resources constraints and security threat hierarchical routing protocol algorithm. The proposed routing of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, the article proposed a novel protocol algorithm can adopt suitable routing technology for the nodes according to the distance of nodes to the base station, density of nodes distribution, and residual energy of nodes. Comparing the proposed routing protocol algorithm with simple direction diffusion routing technology, cluster-based routing mechanisms, and simple hierarchical routing protocol algorithm through comprehensive analysis and simulation in terms of the energy usage, packet latency, and security in the presence of node protocol algorithm is more efficient for wireless sensor networks. compromise attacks, the results show that the proposed routing     

一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络协议

提出了一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络协议。在此协议中,用以基站为圆心一定距离为半径的环状带将目标网络覆盖区域分为三部分,靠近圆心的节点和环状带内节点采用单跳方式直接跟基站通信,环状带以外的节点采用多跳方式跟环状带内节点通信;节点保存多条到基站的最短路由,采用轮循机制选择一条路由传输数据,从而将数据传输任务均衡的分配到多条线路上;当环状带内节点的能量值达到一个阀值时修改环状带的半径和宽度,重新组网,从而将即将形成的"热区"转移到其他区域,达到延长无线传感器网络的生命周期。     

能量采集型无线传感器网络的高能效路由算法

在能量采集型无线传感器网络中,虽然有能量吸收,但是因能量依然非常珍贵,如何优化路由协议,提高能量利用率,延长网络寿命仍然是值得研究的问题.为求解高能效的路由,提出了一种采用遗传算法的高能效路由算法,建立考虑节点的吸收能量、剩余能量、消耗能量和浪费能量的适应函数,用遗传算法寻找全局最优路径.将该适应函数与3种其他适应函数作对比,其他3种适应函数分别为只考虑路径能耗最小的适应函数,考虑路径能耗与路径上节点的吸收能量、剩余能量的适应函数以及考虑路径能耗与网络中所有节点的浪费能量的适应函数.采用遗传算法解出4种路由,通过仿真分析可知,所提出的路由算法能量利用效率最高.     

Battery-Aware Routing for Streaming Data Transmissions in Wireless Sensor Networks

Recent technological advances have made it possible to support long lifetime and large volume streaming data transmissions in sensor networks. A major challenge is to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensors to support such transmissions. Battery, as the power provider of the sensors, therefore emerges as the key factor for achieving high performance in such applications. Recent study in battery technology reveals that the behavior of battery discharging is more complex than we used to think. Battery powered sensors might waste a huge amount of energy if we do not carefully schedule and budget their discharging. In this paper we study the effect of battery behavior on routing for streaming data transmissions in wireless sensor networks. We first give an on-line computable energy model to mathematically model battery discharge behavior. We show that the model can capture and describe battery behavior accurately at low computational complexity and thus is suitable for on-line battery capacity computation. Based on this battery model we then present a battery-aware routing (BAR) protocol to schedule the routing in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol is sensitive to the battery status of routing nodes and avoids energy loss. We use the battery data from actual sensors to evaluate the performance of our protocol. The results show that the battery-aware protocol proposed in this paper performs well and can save a significant amount of energy compared to existing routing protocols for streaming data transmissions. Network lifetime is also prolonged with maximum data throughput. As far as we know, this is the first work considering battery-awareness with an accurate analytical on-line computable battery model in sensor network routing. We believe the battery model can be used to explore other energy efficient schemes for wireless networks as well.     

Genetic algorithm-based partial charging schedule of rechargeable sensor networks

The use of rechargeable sensors is a promising solution for wireless sensor networks. On this type of network, mobile charging vehicles (MC) are used for charging sensors using wireless energy transfer (WET) technology. In on-demand charging, a sensor transmits a charging request to the service station, and the MC visits the sensor to transfer energy. The key disadvantages of utilizing MC-based WET are its high energy expenditure rate due to mobility, long service time, and slow charging rate. Because of these reasons, sensors deplete their energy and become dead before the MC reaches the requesting nodes to recharge. We have adapted a genetic algorithm-based partial charging scheme to serve the charging requests. Our objective is to improve the survival ratio of the network. Using comprehensive simulations, we analyze the performance of our proposed method and compare it to two other existing approaches. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm improves the survival ratio by up to 20 % by developing a dynamic energy threshold function for transmitting charging requests from the sensors and a partial charging schedule using a genetic algorithm.     

无线传感器网络优化生存时间的动态路由算法

 节能和延长网络生存时间是无线传感器网络研究领域的热点问题.该文综合考虑网络中节点的剩余能量和节点间传输数据的能耗,基于最短路径树算法,通过构造两种不同的权值函数,提出了"比例权值路由算法"(Ratio-W)与"和权值路由算法"(Sum-W).仿真分析表明,所提出的算法可以延长网络生存时间,并使能耗经济有效,比一些已有知名算法更优.     

An ant colony optimization based routing algorithm for extending network lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Reducing the energy consumption of network nodes is one of the most important problems for routing in wireless sensor networks because of the battery limitation in each sensor. This paper presents a new ant colony optimization based routing algorithm that uses special parameters in its competency function for reducing energy consumption of network nodes. In this new proposed algorithm called life time aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks (LTAWSN), a new pheromone update operator was designed to integrate energy consumption and hops into routing choice. Finally, with the results of the multiple simulations we were able to show that LTAWSN, in comparison with the previous ant colony based routing algorithm, energy aware ant colony routing algorithms for the routing of wireless sensor networks, ant colony optimization-based location-aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks and traditional ant colony algorithm, increase the efficiency of the system, obtains more balanced transmission among the nodes and reduce the energy consumption of the routing and extends the network lifetime.