纳米薄膜太阳能电池

介绍了纳米薄膜太阳能电池的基本原理与分类,比较了纳米薄膜太阳能电池与传统固态结太阳能电池的优劣,得出了虽然目前纳米薄膜太阳能电池转换效率还无法与传统固态结太阳能电池相比,但由于其制造成本低廉、工艺简单、光子吸收效率高等潜在优势,极具应用前景的结论。     

Solar Cells: Performance Optimization of Polymer Solar Cells Using Electrostatically Sprayed Photoactive Layers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 20/2010)

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated using a novel film deposition method, the electrostatic spray (e‐spray) technique. Stable atomization and uniform deposition of the polymer blend by e‐spray are achieved by manipulating the solution concentration, the solvent composition, and the electric field. The performance of PSCs is primarily influenced by the inherent film morphology of the e‐sprayed polymer‐blend active layers, which is significantly different from that of the conventional films that are formed using the spin‐coating (SC) method. The intrinsically formed interfacial boundaries between the e‐sprayed blend pancakes resist charge transport, which unfavorably influences device efficiency. The internal series resistance (R_S) of the PSCs that are formed using the e‐spray method (e‐spray‐PSC) is significantly reduced by a solvent vapor soaking (SVS) treatment in addition to the conventional thermodynamic nanomorphology controls. The detailed relationship between the morphologies (film morphology and internal nanomorphology) and the R_S is revealed using impedance spectroscopy. The performance of the e‐spray‐PSCs is comparable to those of the PSCs that are fabricated using the SC method under identical conditions. Therefore, the e‐spray method can be used to fabricate ultralow‐cost PSCs, because of the performance results combined with the intrinsic advantages that the e‐spray method is simple and has a low materials loss.     

高效太阳能电池

设计了一种可提高太阳能电池吸收太阳光的效率和有效存储能量的方法和装置.介绍了太阳能电池的伏安特性和法拉电容的充放电特性.该装置通过凹面镜实现太阳光的双面吸收,并以法拉电容存储太阳能.和传统单面受光电池以及用蓄电池储电相比,该装置太阳光吸收效率高、法拉电容充电时间快、放电电流大,可广泛适用于路灯及楼道灯照明等领域.     

微晶硅NIP太阳电池

微晶硅NIP太阳电池具有许多优点,如用于制备柔性太阳电池可极大地扩展太阳电池的应用空间,保护窗口层免受等离子轰击以保持其性能,以及扩大窗口层的光学带隙提高太阳电池的开路电压和短路电流等.综合介绍了微晶硅NIP太阳电池的基本原理、研究现状、存在的问题并展望其发展前景.     

第二讲:太阳电池

2.1太阳电池的基本发电原理光伏发电系统中成本最高的部分当数太阳电池,也称为光伏电池。它是光伏发电系统中科技含量最高的部分,是光伏发电系统的核心,也是目前光伏发电系统普及和发展的瓶颈。太阳电池本体研究主要集中在物理学、材料学和微电子学等领域。     

带有本征薄层的异质结太阳能电池

带有本征薄层的异质结(HIT)太阳能电池制备工艺温度低、转换效率高、高温特性好,是低价高效电池的一种。根据相关文献,遵循HIT电池发展的过程,从原理、结构、制备工艺等角度对其进行了深入分析,指出PECVD技术在制备HIT电池中存在的问题,并对HWCVD法制备高效HIT电池的前景进行了探讨,同时分析了a-Si:H/Si界面钝化、双面异质结结构、表面织构及栅线的优化设计等技术手段对制备高效HIT电池的重要性。     

太阳能电池的基本特性

能源危机与环境污染是人类正面临的重大挑战,开发新能源和可再生清洁能源是21世纪最具决定影响的技术领域之一。太阳能是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生清洁能源,对太阳能电池的研究与开发也变得日益重要。从太阳能电池的结构、工作原理出发,系统地论述了表征太阳能电池特性的短路电流、开路电压和填充因子等参数以及外界条件对他们的影响。     

纳米结构在太阳电池中的应用

太阳电池是新能源领域一个不可忽视的领域。随着纳米技术的不断发展,纳米技术和太阳电池有了越来越多的结合点。综述了纳米结构阵列在太阳电池中的应用,其中包括光子晶体、纳米棒阵列、纳米孔阵列、纳米光栅、屋顶状阵列等纳米结构在太阳电池的活性层、减反层以及电极层中的应用。通过提高光吸收、增大p-n结界面比例、提高载流子传输效率等机理提高太阳电池能量转换效率,揭示了纳米结构在降低太阳电池成本、提高太阳电池能量转换效率方面存在的巨大应用潜力。     

国际太阳能电池发展趋势

本文重点介绍了美国和日本光伏发展的计划和现状,专题介绍了当前流行的α-Si太阳电池最新技术动态、水平和存在的问题,以及薄膜化合物太阳电池未来的巨大潜力。     

Stability Analysis of Cr-MIS Solar Cells

The 50 ? Cu/30 ? Cr/20 ? SiO,/Si solar cell structure has been analyzed by Auger, ESCA and ellipsometer measurements. An oxidation-reduction failure mechanism has been proposed for shelf-life degradation, and experimental evidence for such behavior is presented. The effect of this degradation is a decrease in the oxide thickness at the interface bringing about a photovoltaic performance degradation. The performance degradation involves a typical change in Voc, from about 0.55 V to 0.52 V with little or no change in Jsc or fill factor. The performance of all Cr-MIS devices then stabilizes when a thermodynamic equilibrium is attained. The light-effect degradation is more complex and the rearrangement of bonding in the interface oxide and at the SiOx/Si interface might reduce the rate of degradation. The Cr-MIS solar cell should be designed with an oxide thickness more than the static optimum value to allow for a decrease in oxide thickness to the optimum value.     

中间带太阳电池进展

中间带太阳电池是第三代光伏发电研究中很热门的研究领域之一。论述了中间带太阳电池的原理,以及实现中间带材料的三种方法,即量子点中间带电池、杂质带电池、高失配合金。量子点中间带太阳电池的红外吸收测量证实中间带太阳电池的基本原理是正确的。介绍了为提高短路电流,采用应力补偿技术,增加量子点层数,增大量子点的吸收系数。目前量子点中间带太阳电池的效率达到18%。阐述了杂质带的机理,研究表明,当Si中掺Ti浓度超过Mott相变浓度时,杂质抑制非辐射复合,有效载流子寿命增加。高失配合金具有不寻常的能带结构,AlGaN材料的带隙接近中间带的理想值,很可能成为下一个研究的热点。     

薄膜太阳电池研究综述

薄膜太阳电池是最具发展潜力的新型能源之一,对缓解能源危机、保护人类生存环境提供了一种新的切实可行的方法。综述了目前国际上研究较多的几种薄膜太阳电池的最新进展,包括硅基薄膜(非晶硅、多晶硅)、多元化合物类(碲化镉、铜铟硒、铜铟镓硒、铜锌锡硫等)、有机薄膜太阳电池以及染料敏化太阳电池等。分析并总结了其在成本、转换效率等方面的优劣。为更有效地降低成本及提高电池效率,新技术、新结构的不断创新应该是未来薄膜太阳电池的发展趋势。     

High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells Technologies

The conjugated polymer-based solar cell is one of the most promising devices in search Of sustainable, renewable energy sources in last decade. It is the youngest field in organic solar cell research and also is certainly the fastest growing one at the moment. In addition, the key factor for polymer-based solar cells with high-efficiency is to invent new materials. Organic solar cell has attracted significant researches and commercial interest due to its low cost in fabrication and flexibility in applications. However, they suffer from relatively low conversion efficiency. The summarization of the significance and concept of high efficiency polymer solar cell technologies are presented.     

Stability of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells

The present situation on the stability of amorphous silicon solar cells is discussed. Impurity diffusion is not expected to be a problem in normal cell operation. Interface contamination degrades Schottky barrier or MIS cells that are exposed to water vapor, but has no influence on p-i-n or n-i-p cells. Optically induced changes in the amorphous silicon have an influence, depending on cell structure and preparation conditions. Preliminary results on ? 5% efficiency n-i-p cells suggest that the efficiency will degrade by only 20% in 20 years of sunlight.     

微晶硅太阳电池

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列微晶硅太阳电池．综合测试结果表明：硅烷浓度、热阱温度和前电极都对微晶硅太阳电池的性能有影响．在湿法腐蚀的ZnO衬底上制备的电池的效率比在ZnO/SnO2复合膜上制备的电池的效率高1.5%．在优化了沉积条件后,制备出效率达6.7%的微晶硅太阳电池（Jsc=18.8mA/cm2,Voc=0.526V,FF=0.68）,电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p(μc-Si∶H)/i(μc-Si∶H)/(a-Si∶H)/Al,没有ZnO背反射电极．