高铁高碘日粮对蛋品质的影响

用高铁高碘日粮饲喂产蛋母鸡,观察对蛋品质的影响。结果表明,蛋黄重、蛋黄占蛋重比略有下降,蛋白占蛋重比、哈夫单位有所上升;蛋壳占蛋重比、蛋壳厚度及蛋壳密度无明显变化。提示高铁高碘日粮不会引起蛋品质的明显下降。     

高铁高碘日粮对蛋白质的影响

用高铁高碘日粮饲喂产蛋母鸡，观察对蛋品质的影响，结果表明，蛋黄重，蛋黄占蛋重比略有下降，蛋白占蛋重比，哈夫单位有所上升；蛋壳占蛋重比，蛋壳厚度及蛋壳密度无明显变化。提示高铁高碘日粮不会引起蛋白质的明显下降。     

高铁高锌日粮对产蛋母鸡代谢酶活力和蛋品质的影响

为评价高铁高锌日粮对产蛋母鸡代谢酶活力及蛋品质的作用，以含Fe25mg，Zn60mg／kg日粮(对照组)，Fe525mg，Zn605mg,／k日粮(试验Ⅰ组)，Fe1025mg，Zn1210mg／kg日粮(试验Ⅱ组)饲喂278日龄罗曼蛋鸡8周，观察蛋鸡生产性能、酶活力和蛋营养成分的变化。结果表明，与对照组比较，试验组蛋黄蛋白质含量提高7．1％，蛋白蛋白质含量提高12．7％，蛋黄铁含量增加73．0％，锌含量增加89．8％，但高铁高锌日粮引起蛋鸡生产性能下降(产蛋鸡体重下降、产蛋率下降、蛋重下降、饲料报酬降低)。试验结果提示，高铁高锌日粮可大幅度提高蛋中铁锌含量，并有利于提高蛋的营养成分。高铁高锌日粮使蛋鸡血浆和肝LDH，ALP和SOD活力上升，肝SDH活力增加，而血浆GOT及GPT活力各组间无显差异。     

精纯昆虫粉代替进口鱼粉对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

利用等量精纯昆虫粉替换蛋鸡日粮中的进口鱼粉进行对比饲养试验,收集生产性能相关数据(产蛋率、死亡率、蛋重、蛋料比等)及对蛋品质(蛋白厚度、蛋黄色度、哈夫单位、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度等)进行相关检测。从蛋鸡生产性能指标来看,产蛋率、平均蛋重、蛋料比都稍有提升,平均死亡率略高;从蛋品品质测试指标来衡量,蛋白厚度、蛋壳厚度几乎无差异,蛋黄色度、蛋白哈夫单位昆虫粉组略差,蛋壳强度昆虫粉组稍好。试验结果表明,利用等量精纯昆虫粉代替进口鱼粉对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质无明显的不良影响,而且能较明显地降低饲料成本。     

高温季节三种中药组方对文昌鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

为研究三种中草药组方对高温季节对文昌鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响,选用28周龄1200只产蛋文昌鸡,随机分为4个处理(对照组及3个中药添加组),每个处理3个重复。每个重复100只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮中分别添加1%的三种不同的中药组方。结果表明:日粮中添加1%的中草药组方C可以明显改善文昌鸡的产蛋性能,产蛋率提高9.37%,料蛋比比对照组降低11.23%。畸蛋率、破壳率明显降低(P0.05)。明显增加平均蛋重、蛋白高度、蛋壳重、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄重(P0.05),改善文昌鸡蛋品质。     

低磷日粮对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

选用90只23周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5个组,每组设3个重复,分别饲喂含非植酸磷为0.11%,0.15%,0.19%,0.23%和0.27%的日粮,研究低磷日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响,试验期90d。结果表明,0.11%和0.15%%非植酸磷日粮组显著降低产蛋率、耗料量、蛋重、蛋壳钙磷和蛋黄磷脂含量(P<0.05),明显提高料蛋比(P<0.05);0.19%时非植酸磷显著增加蛋壳厚度和蛋壳重(P<0.05)。     

富硒日粮对鸡蛋品质及硒沉积的影响

试验选用45周龄龙华草鸡型蛋鸡288只,随机分为2组:对照组和富硒组;每组为144只。试验组在对照组的基础上添加富硒蛋白粉1.00 mg/kg(以硒计),试验期30 d。结果表明:高硒日粮对试鸡的产蛋量、产蛋率、蛋重等产蛋性能均无显著影响(P>0.05),对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色和蛋品新鲜度等蛋品质指标也无显著影响(P>0.05);但可使蛋中硒含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。     

沔阳麻鸭蛋品质测定与分析

为比较沔阳麻鸭青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋品质的差异,选取300日龄沔阳麻鸭鸭蛋80个(青壳蛋40个、白壳蛋40个),对蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋黄比率、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度进行测定分析。结果显示:沔阳麻鸭青壳蛋蛋形指数极显著低于白壳蛋(P0.01),蛋黄色泽显著高于白壳蛋(P0.05);青壳蛋蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋比重有低于白壳蛋的趋势(P0.05)。青壳蛋蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋黄色泽与蛋形指数、蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关(P0.01),蛋壳强度与蛋白高度、哈氏单位呈显著正相关(P0.05);而蛋重与蛋形指数、蛋形指数与蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。白壳蛋蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋白高度,蛋黄重与蛋白高度、哈氏单位呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究表明,青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋品质的改善可通过蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度等指标进行选育。     

不同蛋壳颜色鸡蛋品质的比较研究

通过对不同蛋壳颜色蛋品质的比较研究,探讨蛋壳颜色与蛋品质的关系。连续3 d收集新扬州鸡蛋,从中随机选取120只,测定其蛋壳颜色、蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、蛋白重、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度,分析蛋壳颜色与蛋品质各指标的关系。结果表明,不同蛋壳颜色的蛋品质间存在着一定差异。不同蛋壳颜色组间蛋重、蛋白重、蛋黄重、蛋形指数、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,蛋壳颜色为30～34.9的蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度与其他各组存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;蛋壳颜色与蛋壳强度、蛋壳重呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）,与蛋壳厚度呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）。     

蛋鸡日粮中不同硒水平对生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响研究

蛋鸡日粮中添加0.3mg/kg(常规量)、0.6mg/kg(试验1组)和0.9mg/kg(试验2组)硒后,产蛋性能试验组比常规组有明显提高,其中0.9mg/kg组比常规量组产蛋率提高1.96%,蛋重提高2.23%(P＜0.05),料蛋比下降1.99%(P＜0.05);对蛋黄色度、哈夫单位和蛋黄、蛋壳百分率等鸡蛋品质则无明显影响.     

笼养与平养蛋鸭蛋品质测定与相关性分析

试验旨在比较笼养和平养方式对不同品种蛋鸭蛋品质的影响,以期为评价不同饲养方式下的鸭蛋品质提供参考依据。随机选取40周龄笼养和平养的金定鸭（青壳蛋）和山麻鸭（白壳蛋）鸭蛋各30枚于产后24 h内进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,同一品种笼养蛋鸭蛋重极显著大于平养蛋鸭蛋重（P<0.01）,蛋重与蛋壳重、蛋白重和蛋黄重之间均存在极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但不同类型鸭蛋的蛋黄重之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。青壳蛋的蛋壳强度显著高于白壳蛋（P<0.05）,笼养青壳蛋的蛋壳强度亦高于平养青壳蛋（P<0.05）。蛋的比重与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（0.503,P<0.01）,与蛋壳强度的相关系数亦达到0.536（P<0.01）。4种类型鸭蛋的哈氏单位均达到72以上。虽然蛋白重与蛋黄重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,但蛋白重与蛋黄比率之间却呈极显著的负相关（P<0.01）。蛋的比重与蛋黄重和蛋黄比率之间亦存在显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,就蛋品质而言,蛋鸭养殖以采用笼养模式、选择青壳蛋鸭品种为宜。     

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.     

Effects of supplemental L-carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature

The present study was conducted to investigate effects of L-carnitine supplied with drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens under high environmental temperature. In the study, 47-week-old laying hens (Brown hisex) were divided into two groups (control and treatment) and fed with a standard layer diet. Treatment group was received 50 p.p.m L-carnitine with drinking water for an 8-week period. Throughout the study, 8 h hot (35-37 degrees C) and 16 h thermoneutral (20-22 degrees C) environmental temperature regime was employed daily. The results showed that L-carnitine supplementation affected some egg quality characteristics of layers under high environmental temperature. Relative albumen weight and height were increased (p < 0.05) by supplemental L-carnitine. Live weight gain, feed intake, egg mass, egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, yolk index, egg-shape index, yolk colour score and shell thickness were not affected (p < 0.05) by L-carnitine. It is concluded that L-carnitine supplementation in laying hens could have potential to improve albumen quality under high environmental temperature.     

The effects of utilization of hazelnut oil,sunflower oil and their products on performance and fatty acid composition of yolk in layer hens

This research has been performed to determine the effects of hazelnut crude oil, sunflower crude oil and its refinery by-products over the laying hens performance and the fatty acid composition of the egg’s yolk. Four hundreds 36-week-old Nick Brown layer hens were allocated into five groups. Treatment groups were supplemented with 1.5% of sunflower crude oil, hazelnut crude oil, acidulated sunflower soapstock, acidulated hazelnut soapstock and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. The daily feed consumption for groups that were fed with crude oils were numerically improved as compared for those nourished with acidulated soapstocks. Although the percentages of cracked and broken eggs in acidulated hazelnut soapstock group was significantly higher than the other groups, daily feed consumption and egg production values were not different. The usage of acidulated hazelnut soapstock reduced the percentage of intact egg ratio. Egg’s specific gravity and yolk color index were the highest level throughout the experiment from start to end in hazelnut crude oil group (p < 0.05). In group that was nourished by hazelnut oil, Omega 3/Omega-6 fatty acid ratios in egg yolk were higher than the groups that were fed with sunflower oil. The oleic acid content of the egg yolk was increased in the groups which were supplemented with hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. Consequently, hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil improved the egg shell quality, yolk color index and yolk oleic acid value which would increase egg’s shelf life. On the other hand acidulated hazelnut soapstock supplementation adversely affects the quality of egg shell.     

不同储藏方式对鸡蛋品质的影响

 为探讨夏季常温保存和低温冷藏两种储藏方式对鸡蛋品质的影响,选择540个鸡蛋随机分为9组,1组当天测定蛋品质,3组置于28.31 ℃、湿度为68.13%的室温下保存,5组置于4~8 ℃的冷藏室保存,分别于第7、14、21、42和56 d测定蛋品质。结果表明,常温储藏的鸡蛋随着存放时间延长,鸡蛋品质不断下降,储藏21 d后,蛋重降低5.30%（P<0.05）,蛋壳厚度变薄（P<0.05）;哈氏单位随着储藏时间的延长迅速下降,第0 d比第21 d的哈氏单位值高59.18%（P<0.05）;蛋黄比率随储藏时间的延长有不断变大的趋势,第0 d的蛋黄比率比第21 d低15.58%（P<0.05）。低温冷藏的鸡蛋储藏到21 d时,仅哈氏单位比第0 d低6.78%（P<0.05）;冷藏到56 d时,蛋重和哈氏单位比第0 d分别降低5.63%和15.07%（P<0.05）,蛋黄比率提高了5.21%（P<0.05）。试验表明,鸡蛋在室温下的新鲜度适宜保存期不应超过21 d;低温冷藏时可以保存到56 d。     

Effect of sweet green pepper on yolk color and performance of laying hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sweet green pepper (SGP) on the performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens. A total of 144 Hy Line W36 egg layers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 9 replicate groups of 4 hens each. Treatments consisted of the following diets: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BD + 75 ppm SGP, 3) BD + 125 ppm SGP, 4) BD + 225 ppm SGP. The diets contained 2,730 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 15.5% crude protein. Egg production and egg quality were monitored for 16 weeks. Feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen were not significantly affected by the addition of SGP to the diets. The addition of 225 ppm of SGP decreased egg weight. Specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk weight, albumen weight, albumen percentage, and yolk yellowness (b*) were not significantly affected by the addition of SGP. The addition of SGP to the diets increased yolk percentage, yolk color using a Roche fan, and yolk redness (a*). Based on these data, SGP was shown to be a useful feed ingredient for laying hens; it can be included in diets without negative effects on performance and egg quality. However, owing to the depression of egg weight with the inclusion of SGP, it may be of interest to producers and industry to control egg size in old layers and possibly improve shell quality. The addition of SGP to the diets impacted yolk color and may be useful in specialty markets.     

产蛋鸡饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋的品质和蛋中锌含量的影响

试验研究了在玉米一豆饼型基础饲粮(含锌30Ppm)中添加不同水平锌和钙对鸡蛋品质和蛋中锌含量的影响。结果表明,饲粮未加锌时后期(70～71周龄)蛋壳比,蚕黄,蛋白和蛋壳风干物含量,蛋的比重和蛋壳厚度显著降低;饲粮高钙使中期(45周龄)和后期蛋壳比,各期蛋的比重和蛋壳厚度显著提高。蛋黄中锌含量随着饲粮锌水平的提高而显著提高;蛋白中锌含量在前期(25周龄)同蛋黄一样,但在中期和后期未加锌组鸡蛋白中锌含量显著高于加锌对照组;蛋壳中锌含量在前期不受饲粮锌水平显著影响,在中期和后期饲粮高锌使之显著提高。饲粮高钙对蛋各组分中锌含量没有显著影响。     

The effects of a protein deficiency on egg composition

Eggs were collected from groups of pullets receiving 9, 14 or 20 per cent dietary protein and the component parts were separated and weighed. The reduction in egg weight associated with protein deficiency was found to be due to reductions in all components, but yolk and shell weight changed proportionately less than total weight and albumen weight proportionately more. The resulting increase in percentage yolk was found to be of similar magnitude to that expected from a consideration of the relationship between egg size and yolk size in birds receiving adequate protein. In a similar way the increased proportion of shell apparently reflected only the relationship between egg size and surface area in eggs collected when the birds were 52 weeks of age but at 67 weeks a real increase in shell thickness on the deficient diet was also indicated.     

中草药添加剂对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验选取4000只绿壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(A组、B组、C组、D组),每组2个重复,每个重复500只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg中草药添加剂。结果表明,各试验组的蛋形指数,蛋壳强度,蛋壳厚度,蛋黄颜色,蛋黄比率,哈氏单位,血、肉斑率较对照组均得到一定改程度改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组蛋比重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见中草药添加剂可一定程度改善绿壳蛋鸡的蛋品质。