聚合物溶液磁处理参数优化研究

采用系列磁化器研究了磁处理对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度的影响 .以聚合物浓度、磁场强度和峰数 3因素 3水平的正交试验设计方法进行了HPAM溶液磁处理参数的优化研究 .发现磁处理后HPAM溶液的黏度普遍提高 ,而且随聚合物溶液浓度、磁场强度和峰数的增加而增大 .影响HPAM溶液磁增黏效果的因素依次为聚合物浓度、磁场强度和峰数 .试验得到的磁增黏优化参数为聚合物浓度 10 0 0mg/L、磁场强度 5 0 0mT、峰数 4峰 .     

碾磨力场作用下部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液的黏度变化

将磨盘形力化学反应器应用于部分水解聚丙酰胺 ( HPAM)的改性 ,通过碾磨次数的变化得到了不同碾磨次数的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺样品 ;实验研究了碾磨过程中 HPAM特性黏数及表观黏度的变化 ;考查了剪切速率及老化时间对碾磨后 HPAM溶液黏度的影响 .结果表明 :碾磨使HPAM特性黏数及表观黏度均有不同程度的下降 ,但抗剪切性能有所增强     

油田采出水中微生物对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度的影响初探

在实验室条件下,研究了油田采出水中常见微生物类群(腐生菌、硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、反硝化细菌)对不同分子质量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)溶液黏度的影响.结果表明:腐生菌及反硝化细菌对聚合物黏度的影响很小;硫酸盐还原菌直接利用大分子聚合物的能力十分有限,但其代谢产物可以显著降低聚合物黏度;铁细菌可以利用聚合物生长,是破坏聚合物黏度的主要微生物类群.     

复杂岩层钻孔灌注桩泥浆选型试验研究

将聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)作为絮凝剂、防塌剂、增黏剂和堵水剂,用于大直径钻孔灌注桩施工。在吸附试验中,在固液比为1-50、温度为(20±0.2)℃时,采用淀粉-碘化镉比色法,根据PAM(或HPAM)标准曲线,测量其吸附平衡后的离心液浓度,由吸附前后的PAM(或HPAM)浓度计算每克黏土的吸附量。试验结果表明:黏土颗粒随着溶液中钠离子浓度的增加,吸附HPAM的含量也增加;随着溶液pH值、水解度和温度的增加,吸附HPAM含量降低;聚丙稀酰胺的技术参数确定为:阴离子型,相对分子质量为(3.0~5.0)×108,水解度为30%~50%;在施工中,使用该配方调制的泥浆,能有效地防止黏卡事故的发生,成孔率显著提高。     

驱油用水解聚丙烯酰胺生物降解性研究

研究用于碱－聚合物驱的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）溶液中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的生长曲线,讨论SRB对HPAM溶液粘度影响的机理。     

无机盐对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度影响的实验与理论研究

采用实验与分子动力学模拟(MD)结合的方法研究无机盐对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)溶液黏度影响的规律及微观机制。结果表明:无机盐对溶液黏度影响较大,其中Ca Cl2和Mg Cl2对溶液降黏作用强于Na Cl,且当Ca Cl2和Mg Cl2浓度相同时Mg Cl2的降黏作用更加明显;当溶液中加入无机盐时,由于盐离子与聚合物中羧酸根基团的静电吸引,使其在聚合物周围形成阳离子层,从而减弱了聚合物分子链上羧酸根基团之间的排斥作用,导致分子链收缩,进而降低溶液的黏度;相比于Na+和Ca2+,Mg2+更易靠近HPAM分子链,对分子链构型及黏度的改变更加明显。     

聚丙烯酰胺降解菌的筛选及降解性能评价

油田聚合物驱的大面积推广应用导致聚合物驱产出水中含有大量的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),含聚丙烯酰胺的产出液外排将对环境造成很大的危害,回注将对油层产生致命性伤害.从含聚丙烯酰胺的废水中初步筛选到一株以聚丙烯酰胺为碳源的降解菌,命名为PM-1.经生理生化鉴定,初步确定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.).实验结果表明:在温度为35℃,pH值为7.5的条件下,降解5d,500mg/L聚丙烯酰胺溶液的降解率最高可达到38.4%.     

新型耐温抗盐聚合物增黏剂的合成及性能评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,在交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和水溶性偶氮引发剂存在的条件下,采用溶液聚合法合成了阳离子型水凝胶。根据高分子间异性电荷静电相吸的分子复合原理,将阳离子型水凝胶溶液与阴离子型HPAM溶液复配成复合型聚合物。对复合型聚合物的增黏、耐温、热稳定、耐盐和剪切流变性进行了评价。结果表明,阳离子型水凝胶溶液的加入可以提高HPAM溶液的黏度,当阳离子型水凝胶溶液和HPAM溶液质量浓度均为2 000 mg/L、阳离子度为5%、体积比为1∶1时,其增黏效果最好。25℃时,在剪切速率为170 s-1的条件下,黏度由单一HPAM溶液的31.1 mPa·s增加到复合溶液的46.8 mPa·s。研究表明,复合溶液具有良好的耐温、耐盐性能,其热稳定和剪切流变性能都得到了明显的改善。     

高抗剪切聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物驱油剂的合成及性能

针对目前线性聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物抗剪切性能无法满足应用需求的问题,设计合成了一种具备三维立体球形母核及两性离子功能链段的超支化聚合物,该聚合物由高分子核聚醚(HPG)母核、聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)、聚丙烯酸及聚2-(二甲胺基)甲基丙烯酸酯乙基溴代甜菜碱(C10AM)链段组成。考察了聚合时间(T1)、引发剂用量(M[O])、HPG用量(MHPG)、水解烘干温度(t)、C10AM用量(MC10AM)等对聚合物溶液黏度的影响。采用1HNMR对聚合物进行了结构表征,并对其溶解、增黏、抗剪切、抗盐及抗老化性能进行了评价。结果表明,最佳的聚合条件为:T1=5. 5 h、M[O]=60 mg、MHPG=20 mg、t=120℃、MC10AM=150 mg。在9 374. 13 mg/L的矿化水中,HPG-HPAM-C10AM聚合物基本溶解时间均小于50 min,2 000 mg/L的聚合物溶液黏度可达到37. 7 m Pa·s,Waring搅拌器1档剪切20 s后黏度保留率高达70%,老化90 d黏度保留率为76%,均优于未改性HPAM聚合物。     

不同离子型聚丙烯酰胺的合成与应用研究

采用单因素实验法,对不同离子聚丙烯酰胺进行正交实验.结果表明,三种聚丙烯酰胺的最佳单因素实验、单体质量分数、引发剂加入量、反应温度、PH分别为:AmPAM(33%,0.05%,35℃,8.0);HPAM(3 6%,0.016%,36°,6.5);CPAM(32%,0.084%,37°,7.5).煤泥水沉降实验显示,AmPAM絮凝性能优于HPAM和CPAM.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.