微生物提高辽河稠油采收率技术研究

为了探讨利用本源微生物提高稠油采收率新技术 ,详细研究采用微生物富集分离方法从辽河海河油田稠油区块原油、地层水中分离筛选出了三株对稠油有降解作用的本源细菌 ,并将其应用于该区块原油模拟驱油试验研究 .结果表明 :水驱后的油藏中存在能降解稠油并产生羧酸 ,酯 ,醇和二氧化碳等产物的微生物 ;室内可通过调整培养物配方激活微生物 ,使三次采收率提高 2 3 7% ;各单一菌种对原油的作用机制不同 ,它们能协同大幅度提高原油产量 .因此 ,在经过更详细的微生物区系分析后 ,该区块稠油有望实现本源微生物驱 .     

微生物采油技术在子长油田的应用

为了提高子长油田降沟区块的产量和采收率,从微生物采油机理和适用条件入手,通过室内模拟实验和现场试验考察其可行性.结果表明,在温度40℃、矿化度5×103mg/L的油藏条件下,注入菌液质量分数为2%～5%的M1系列、M2系列菌组后增油效果明显,可以提高采收率10%,投入产出比为1∶11.2.现场应用效果表明,在子长油田降沟区长2区块实施微生物驱油技术是可行的.     

微生物提高辽河稠油采收率技术研究

为了探讨利用本源微生物提高稠油采收率新技术，详细研究采用微生物富集分离方法从辽河海河油田稠油区块原油、地层水中分离筛选出了三株对稠油有降解作用的本源细菌，并将其应用于该区块原油模拟驱油试验研究。结果表明：水驱后的油藏中存在能降解稠油并产生羧酸，酯，醇和二氧化碳等产物的微生物；室内可通过调整培养物配方激活微生物，使三次采收率提高２３．７％；各单一菌种对原油的作用机制不同，它们能协同大幅度提高原油产量     

低渗透油藏多段塞微生物驱开发指标预测

油藏条件不同,微生物驱油体系的提高采收率能力和油藏适应性也有所差别,需要合理的注入参数对开发指标进行预测。通过模拟不同注入方式微生物驱油实验优化注入参数,在实验基础上综合运用前缘推进理论和经验回归方法,考虑微生物降低原油黏度以及影响油水相对渗透率等客观因素,建立一种将油井产能和含水变化规律结合的预测模型来预测微生物驱开发指标。微生物驱油实验表明,多段塞微生物驱较单一段塞微生物驱采收率可提高9.24%,见水时间能延长40.10%~40.14%,无水采收率提高18.44%;用该模型能较准确地预测微生物吞吐开井后的产油量、增油量、产液量和含水率,单井预测误差小于10%,区块总体产液量和产油量预测误差均小于3%,含水率仅为0.25%。矿场试验采用五级段塞交替注入调剖用微生物与驱油用微生物,试验区含水上升率由8.1%下降至-4.3%,综合递减率由13.3%下降到4.4%,控水稳油效果明显。     

冀东油田微生物驱油技术室内研究

在对冀东油田高浅北和老爷庙区块油藏状况、原油物理性质、产出水化学性质和细菌群落组成分析的基础上,通过物理模拟驱油实验来研究这2个区块实施微生物驱油技术的潜力.利用最大或然数法、倾注平板法和滚管法对产出水中的细菌群落状况进行了分析.结果表明,产出水中细菌群落较为单一,硫酸盐还原菌为优势菌群,部分油井产出水中含有好氧腐生菌,说明这2个区块具备微生物生长繁殖的条件.室内物理模拟驱油实验表明,在一次水驱的基础上,经过7周期85 d培养驱替,高浅北和老爷庙区块模型的采收率分别提高15.6%和10.7%.综合微生物学、油藏条件以及物理模拟驱油实验的研究结果,在冀东油田高浅北和老爷庙区块实施微生物驱油技术是可行的.     

复合本源微生物驱油技术在低渗透油藏的应用研究

长庆安塞油田王窑区块已进入中高含水阶段,油藏综合含水率达到70％以上,日产油量持续下降.为寻求更有效的三次采油方法,开展了复合本源微生物驱油在低渗透油藏的应用研究.通过采油微生物菌种的筛选及性能评价、复合微生物采油现场试验,对微生物采油的影响因素和效果进行了分析.王窑区块12个注采井组现场试验年累计增油超过5 070 t,累计降水超过9000 m3,投入产出比达到1:5.9.现场试验证明,利用复合本源微生物采油能够增加低渗透油藏原油产量、提高采收率,是一种有效的增产措施.     

微生物驱油物理模拟实验研究

根据物理模拟实验的相似性准则,进行了微生物在多孔介质中运移实验、微生物驱油提高采收率实验、不同的代谢产物对采收率的影响实验及复配菌种的增殖作用对采收率的影响实验,结果表明,N80菌种能够随着注入水在多孔介质中生长和运移,其代谢产物各组分对采收率影响随代谢产物浓度的增加而增加,对采收率提高值贡献最大的是代谢产物中的表面活性剂,其次为代谢产生的酸及气体,并发现单个代谢产物的驱油效率的代数和小于各组分共同作用时的驱油效率,表明微生物代谢产物中各组分间的协同作用有助于提高采收率。     

注入水水质对新疆陆9井区内源微生物激活效果的影响

中国面临着能源短缺和大量石油资源未能有效开发的突出问题,提高采收率是保障我国能源安全的重要措施. 内源微生物驱技术具有成本低、环境友好、适用范围广、综合效益好等优点,能有效提高原油采收率,但是现场试验的效果并不十分稳定. 以新疆油田陆9 井区注入水为研究对象,以碎屑岩油藏注水水质的行业标准为依据,研究注入水中生物因素(总菌、烃氧化菌、硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、腐生菌等微生物类群的浓度)和物理因素(悬浮物粒径中值等)对内源微生物激活效果的影响. 研究结果表明驱替用注入水的水质对内源微生物激活有较大的影响,并在此基础上,得出一套适合该区块微生物驱的注入水水质标准. 该研究可为微生物驱实施的有效性提供保障,对其他油田微生物驱效果稳定性有重要的参考价值.     

增效微生物驱物模实验研究

为改善和提高微生物驱的矿藏应用效果和应用规模,将化学驱与微生物驱方法相结合,开展了增效微生物驱的物模实验研究。模拟大庆采油四厂油水条件,挑选2组室内乳化等指标评价效果较好的复合体系进行物模实验,结果表明:聚合物和微生物可产生协同驱油作用,500 mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺-10%A菌液的复配体系驱油效果较好,复配体系可比同条件微生物驱提高采收率15.89%;表面活性剂与微生物也可产生协同驱油作用,0.04%的表活剂1SY—10%B菌液的复配体系驱油效果较好,复配体系可比同条件微生物驱提高采收率4.47%。室内实验显示,微生物菌液与聚合物、表面活性剂等物质共同作用联合驱油是一种增效的微生物采油新方法。     

南中块西部聚驱后注入方式优化研究

南中块西部于2004年7月份开始注聚,到2009年底该区块聚合物驱开发结束时,聚驱阶段提高采收率为11.6个百分点,采出程度只有50.34%,地下仍有近一半的储量没有开采出来。从喇嘛甸油田一类油层直接转入后续水驱区块效果看,无效循环严重,采收率提高幅度只有3.61个百分点。为最大限度地改善区块开发效果,在砂体精细解剖基础上,结合注聚后期剩余油分布特点,开展聚驱后注入方式研究。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to