基于共面两囚禁冷离子的信息读写

利用离子阱内共面两囚禁冷离子,在库仑势的条件下,Schrdinger方程的精确解（即离散的本征态和本征能量）表明：径向运动量子数为1/2的整数倍变化;费米子和玻色子交替出现;质心运动磁量子数mc和相对运动磁量子数m使量子态产生一个mcβ+mθ的随机相位因子.并以2个冷H+为例,给出1个用量子态作资源,采用量子编码的方法,提出了在量子信息处理时,利用离散的本征态ψnc,mc,l,m,通过操控相位的变化,从而实现了对信息读写操作.     

量子相空间中相互垂直的静电场和强磁场条件下带电粒子体系的严格解

本论文在Torres-Vega和Frederick的量子相空间理论框架内,对相互垂直的静电场和强磁场这一特定条件下带电粒子体系的T-F量子相空间表象中的Schr-dinger方程进行了严格求解,并获得了其精确解.同时发现该体系在相空间中的量子几率密度取决于磁场强度的大小和带电粒子能级的高低, 结论由Heisenberg测不准原理给予了解释.     

Ultrafast terahertz probes of transient conducting and insulating phases in an electron-hole gas

Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical structures. Semiconductors form an ideal laboratory for studying many-body interactions of electronic quasiparticles among themselves and with lattice vibrations and light. Oppositely charged electron and hole quasiparticles can coexist in an ionized but correlated plasma, or form bound hydrogen-like pairs called excitons. The pathways between such states, however, remain elusive in near-visible optical experiments that detect a subset of excitons with vanishing centre-of-mass momenta. In contrast, transitions between internal exciton levels, which occur in the far-infrared at terahertz (1012 s(-1)) frequencies, are independent of this restriction, suggesting their use as a probe of electron-hole pair dynamics. Here we employ an ultrafast terahertz probe to investigate directly the dynamical interplay of optically-generated excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs in GaAs quantum wells. Our observations reveal an unexpected quasi-instantaneous excitonic enhancement, the formation of insulating excitons on a 100-ps timescale, and the conditions under which excitonic populations prevail.     

Bogoliubov-de Gennes对角化与Schur分解方法的等价性

本文以Kitaev的一维量子线模型为例，分别利用传统的Bogoliubov de Gennes对角化方法和Schur分解方法求解该模型的本征能量以及本征波函数，从理论分析和数值计算两个方面对两种方法进行对比。结果表明，BdG对角化方法得到的准粒子能量是能量本征值的两倍，而Schur分解方法可以直接得到准粒子能量。数值计算表明，两者是完全一样的。另外，在确定的参数下，两种方法得到的准粒子算符对初始的费米子算符的展开系数只相差一个常数相因子。所以，最后的结论是BdG对角化跟Schur分解两种方法是等价的。     

荷电黑洞视界附近的量子热效应和普朗克绝对熵

基于严格求解Dirac方程,全面研究了双视界面黑洞内、外视界附近的量子热效应,特别是考虑到黑洞内视界的Hawking吸收后,成功的给出了荷电黑洞的普郎克绝对熵.     

改进人工鱼群算法在认知无线电决策引擎中的应用

针对遗传算法、粒子群算法等应用于认知无线电决策引擎时存在收敛速度慢,容易陷入局部最优解的缺陷,提出了一种基于改进人工鱼群算法的认知无线电决策引擎．利用改进人工鱼群算法全局收敛性强、鲁棒性能好、初值敏感度低等特点,更快速、高效地优化调整传输参数,从而寻找特定条件下的最优配置方案．仿真结果表明,在多载波通信系统下,该认知决策引擎具有收敛精度高、平均适应度值高、稳定性强等特点,性能优于二进制量子粒子群认知引擎．     

Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems

An exciton is the particle-like entity that forms when an electron is bound to a positively charged 'hole'. An ordered electronic state in which excitons condense into a single quantum state was proposed as a theoretical possibility many years ago. We review recent studies of semiconductor bilayer systems that provide clear evidence for this phenomenon and explain why exciton condensation in the quantum Hall regime, where these experiments were performed, is as likely to occur in electron-electron bilayers as in electron-hole bilayers. In current quantum Hall excitonic condensates, disorder induces mobile vortices that flow in response to a supercurrent and limit the extremely large bilayer counterflow conductivity.     

Hyperspherical study of Ne2Kr and Ne2Xe systems

We have calculated the ground state energies and rotational constants for the Ne₂ Kr and Ne₂ Xe systems, as well as their corresponding isotopes using the hyperspherical method. We used B-splines as basis function to expand channel functions and make the knot distribution of B-splines characterize the behavior of the channel function precisely. As a result, the extremely slow convergence of quantum mechanic calculation for these van der Waals trimers containing heavy element is improved greatly. The convergent rotational constants and the isotope shifts are obtained and compared with other theoretical and experimental values. Our results using newly proposed Tang-Toennies （TT） pair-wise potentials are consistent with that of Ernesti and Hutson’s calculation using HFD-B potentials, and give an improved agreement with experimental data.     

时间分数阶扩散方程的隐式差分近似

考虑时间分数阶扩散方程,它是从标准的扩散方程中用分数阶导数α(0α1)代替一阶时间导数而得到,提出了一个计算有效的隐式差分近似,并证明了这个隐式差分近似是无条件稳定和无条件收敛的。最后给出了数值例子。     

量子点中双激子的关联能

采用精确对角化方法,研究了限制在半导体量子点中双激子的量子尺寸效应.计算了双激子量子点的基态和低激发态的关联能随限制强度大小变化的关系,揭示了双激子量子点的基态和低激发态能谱的重要性质.我们发现随着限制强度的增加,双激子量子点的基态和低激发态的关联能变化是不同的;我们还发现限制可以引起不同低激发态能级的偶然简并和能级的反转.这些性质都与系统的交换和旋转对称性有关.     

一类分数阶对流扩散方程差分格式的理论分析

考虑一般的对流扩散方程,将一阶的时间导数用Caputo分数阶导数替换,二阶的空间导数用Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数替换,得到了一个Riemann-Liouville-Caputo分数阶对流扩散方程.给出了这个方程的一种计算有效的隐式差分格式,并证明了该差分格式是无条件稳定、无条件收敛的,其收敛阶为O(l+h).最后给出了数值例子.     

纳米级薄膜润滑量子化模拟的研究

以量子力学原理为基础，建立了考虑润滑介质粒子的波动性的模拟模型，并利用量子力学粒子系统的Hartree自洽场独立粒子模型对模拟模型进行了数值计算，求得了基态下的模拟模型的波函数，量子力学模拟结果与Newton力学的分子动力学模拟结果进行了比较，获得到了一些纳米级薄膜润滑的量子化信息。     

抛物势量子点电荷量子比特的消相干

通过求解能量的本征方程得出了抛物线性限制势下柱形量子点中电子的基态、激发态本征波函数及其本征能量,将基态、激发态二能级系统作为一个量子比特,利用费米黄金规则讨论了量子点受限长度对量子点消相干速率的影响,同时讨论了电子在空间概率密度分布的时间演化和振荡周期.数值计算结果表明,量子比特的消相干速率随受限长度的增加而减小,振荡周期随受限长度的增加而增加.电子的概率密度在空间呈周期性的变化.     

Neutral Donors in Quantum Wells with Strong Magnetic Fields

研究了强磁场条件下有限深量子阱中的中性施主．计算了中性施主的基态能量和束缚能，讨论了阱宽对中性施主束缚能的影响．     

二阶弱奇异Volterra积分微分方程的非多项式样条配置方法

研究了二阶弱奇异Volterra积分微分方程的非多项式样条配置,得到了当奇异项指数为有理数时,Volterra积分微分方程解的展开式,由此构造出非多项式样条空间,获得方程在此样条空间中的近似解,并证明了近似解的误差为O(hm).     

带电粒子在平行电场和磁场及弹性界面附近闭合轨道的模拟

从哈密顿正则方程出发，推导了带电粒子在平行电场和磁场中的运动方程，并讨论了在平行电场和磁场中存在两个弹性界面时粒子的闭合轨道形成的条件，最后借助于计算机编程，对带电粒子的一些闭合轨道进行了模拟．     

GaAs/Al_xGa_(1-x)As和In_(1-x)Ga_xAs/GaSb_(1-y)As_y量子阱中激子的结合能

计算了GaAs/Al_xGa_(1-x)As和In_(1-x)Ga_xAs/GaSb_(1-y)As_y量子阱中激子的结合能,得到了结合能随阱宽和阱深的变化。结果表明,在这两类量子阱结构中激子结合能的变化规律有本质的不同。     

矢势A的客观性和可测性

本文首先介绍在磁场B=O区域内带电粒子的运动受到粒子未到达区域中的磁场的影响的微观实验和宏观实验(简称为微观A-B效应实验和宏观A-B效应实验)。在此基础上说明不引用矢势A的经典电动力学是不能对其进行解释的,而量子力学的薛定楞方程中本质地含有矢势A,因而A-B效应的本质的揭示首先来源于量子力学理论和微观领域的实验是很自然的。从而说明矢势A在经典电动力学和量子力学中都是不可缺少的客观存在的物理量,而且用宏观实验和微观实验都是可以对其进行测量的。     

Long-range transport in excitonic dark states in coupled quantum wells

During the past ten years, coupled quantum wells have emerged as a promising system for experiments on Bose condensation of excitons, with numerous theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the demonstration of this effect. One of the issues driving these studies is the possibility of long-range coherent transport of excitons. Excitons in quantum wells typically diffuse only a few micrometres from the spot where they are generated by a laser pulse; their diffusion is limited by their lifetime (typically a few nanoseconds) and by scattering due to disorder in the well structure. Here we report photoluminescence measurements of InGaAs quantum wells and the observation of an effect by which luminescence from excitons appears hundreds of micrometres away from the laser excitation spot. This luminescence appears as a ring around the laser spot; almost none appears in the region between the laser spot and the ring. This implies that the excitons must travel in a dark state until they reach some critical distance, at which they collectively revert to luminescing states. It is unclear whether this effect is related to macroscopic coherence caused by Bose condensation of excitons.     

双层量子点中的带负电荷激子

利用精确对角化方法,研究了抛物势双层量子点中带负电荷激子的1S态和3P态的关联能与量子点的束缚势大小的变化关系,以及1S态对应几个不同的量子点间点与点的距离的束缚能随束缚势大小的变化关系,计算了电子与空穴质量比为σ=0.677和σ=0.197的缚能随束缚势大小的变化关系.