Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales. Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

地图图形结构分析与概括研究

地图图形往往具有一定程度的空间结构特征，例如树枝状水系，棋盘状街道网等。这些空间结构特征深刻反映了地理现象的特点和规律，是地图图形概括过程中需要突出表现的内容。然而，地理数据库中并没有直接存储图形结构信息，而是隐含地表示于几何图形要素的空间关系之中。这就要求在地图概括处理之前进行图形结构分析。分析了地图图形结构模式及其识别过程，并且探讨了图形结构的概括方法。     

基地地理信息系统的空间数据规范与组织结构

基础地理信息系统在涵盖内容、数据结构和服务对象上都远远超出了数字地形图,它可以满足建设用图和地理信息系统（GIS）用户的需要,同时满足GIS用户的共同需要和特殊需要,具有珠数据提取、可视化输出、质量控制、历史数据保存再现功能。为了达到上述目的,空间要素的规范和结构设计是至关重要的一步,阐述了对制定空间要素规范的原则、空间要素规范的对象、以及空间本纱规范和结构应包含内容的一些看法。     

GIS中基本要素的无级比例尺数据处理技术研究

从理论上阐述了GIS环境下无级比例尺矢量数据信息压缩与复现的基本原理与方法,对地图制图综合的本质特征及空间地理信息量随比例尺变化的增减规律进行了系统的分析。根据地理要素的空间属性特征和重要程度,提出了一种新的适于GIS无级比例尺数据处理的空间对象数量选取模型及其算法,并通过对大连地区系列比例尺地形图进行制图综合与无级比例尺数据压缩与复现的实验,证明本文所提出的理论、模型及算法具有一定的实用价值。     

地图对GIS空间数据误差的影响初探

GIS(geography information system)数据质量是GIS研究和应用首要问题,GIS数据误差测量已成为该领域研究的热点.现有点、线、面模型都是空间数据获得后的检验模型.而GIS实践中,要根据用户提出的精度确定数据源,即首先有一个误差的限定范围,这要求分析GIS中空间数据误差的来源.地图是GIS重要的误差源,其误差与比例尺、地图概括和地图图形有关,在选择GIS数据的源地图时应综合考虑它们的影响.     

地理信息系统中SDM和CBR的应用研究

地理信息系统最初是作为一种信息处理和空间技术出现的.随着社会的进步和经济的发展,空间决策制定的需求日益增长.G IS中含有大量的空间和属性数据,有着比一般关系数据库和事务数据库更加丰富和复杂的语义信息,隐藏着丰富的知识.本文提出了一个智能地理信息系统集成框架,将空间数据挖掘(SDM)和范例推理(CBR)技术应用于其中,加强空间数据、模型分析和表示能力,为决策者提供决策依据,使得决策行为科学化、可视化和直观化.     

GIS在机场道面管理系统中的应用

以地理信息系统 (GIS)的技术原理和一般实施过程为依据 ,结合机场道面管理的特点和要求 ,在分析总结国外先进经验的基础上 ,完成了上海机场道面管理地理信息系统的管理单元划分、空间实体分层组织、空间数据库建立与维护 ,以及系统软件的GIS功能设计等重要内容 ,可作为我国机场道面管理系统开发的技术基础 .基于GIS的机场道面管理系统将为用户提供多层次、可视化的道面信息和强大的管理决策功能     

地理信息系统研究

针对目前GIS应用系统中由于属性数据和空间数据结构不同、存储方式不同造成的维护问题,提出了一个基于COM的GIS数据访问组件的设计方案。     

Application of GIS-Based Spatial Filtering Method for Neural Tube Defects Disease Mapping

This study is to assess the prevalence rates spatial pattern of neural tube defects with geographic information system and spatial filtering technique. A total of 80 infants who diagnosed from neural tube defects in the area being studied between 1998 and 2001 were analyzed. Firstly, the geographic information system （GIS） software ArcGIS was used to map the crude prevalence rates. Secondly, the data were smoothed by the method of spatial filtering. We evaluated that the effect of changes in spatial filtering radius size was assessed by creating maps based on various filtering radius sizes. The 3 miles or larger filtering radius gives better section variability than the 2 and 2.5 miles or smaller ones. The maps produced by the spatial filtering technique indicate that prevalence rates in the villages in the southeastern region are to produce higher prevalence than that in the other regions. The smoothed maps based on Heshun County display a more adequate data representation than the raw prevalence rate map.     

面向煤矿应用的三维GIS空间数据模型研究

在综合评述三维GIS空间数据模型研究的基础上，针对地层和掘进巷道这两种煤矿主要的空间对象，分别研究了其空间数据建模问题，提出了地层和巷道一体化的煤矿三维空间数据模型，并设计了相应的数据结构。     

A data model for regions with indeterminate boundaries

Most of spatial phenomena like natural vegetation units and land use areas constantly change over time and have uncertainty spatial extents. Till now, a considerable number of data models have been proposed for spatial objects with sharp boundaries as well as with indeterminate boundaries. However, they mainly concern space and time or space and fuzziness and not yet integrate them into a single unified framework. This paper introduces a formal definition of the conceptual fuzzy spatiotemporal data model, called FSTDM for fuzzy regions based on fuzzy set theory. We also contribute a method of manipulating queries with the presence of both temporal predicate and fuzzy spatial predicate in the condition clause efficiently. We then implement a prototype system. Through the experimental results, we prove that our work can be used to build a specialized system such as GIS, spatial database, and so on.     

空间数据挖掘的研究与应用

空间数据挖掘就是从空间数据库中抽取隐含的知识、空间关系或是空间数据库中存储的其他的隐含的模式的过程 空间数据挖掘在地理信息系统(GIS)、空间遥感、测绘、资源和环境管理等很多领域有广泛的应用前景 本文对空间数据挖掘的具体应用进行了探讨.     

A data model for regions with indeterminate boundaries

Most of spatial phenomena like natural vegetation units and land use areas constantly change over time and have uncertainty spatial extents. Till now, a considerable number of data models have been proposed for spatial objects with sharp boundaries as well as with indeterminate boundaries. However, they mainly concern space and time or space and fuzziness and not yet integrate them into a single unified framework. This paper introduces a formal definition of the conceptual fuzzy spatiotemporal data model, called FSTDM for fuzzy regions based on fuzzy set theory. We also contribute a method of manipulating queries with the presence of both temporal predicate and fuzzy spatial predicate in the condition clause efficiently. We then implement a prototype system.Through the experimental results, we prove that our work can be used to build a specialized system such as GIS, spatial database, and so on.     

嵌入式GIS的数据模型构造方法

分析了桌面GIS数据模型和嵌入式系统的特点,针对嵌入式GIS底图构建了混合式数据模型,空间数据与属性数据之间的联系通过惟一标识号建立,设计了非拓扑的分层分级分格的数据结构．根据底图要素类型的不同分层、地物外接矩形的大小分级及每一级底图坐标,将底图均分为若干个网格,每次显示其中的4个网格．对野外采集的嵌入式GIS空间数据,构建了面向对象的数据模型．实际工程应用表明,GIS运行速度显著提高,解决了嵌入式系统内存不足的问题．     

多源数据更新地理空间数据库的理论与关键技术

地理空间数据整合与更新是目前国际地理信息科学界的前沿课题。数字合并计算、多尺度空间数据集成计算环境是有效的空间数据整合实现技术,多源空间数据统一资源信息服务平台是实现整合空间信息服务的有效途径,利用卫星遥感影像数据和应用GIS空间目标综合技术更新空间数据库是有效的空间数据库更新技术途径。论文对空间数据整合和更新的理论及技术进行了较为全面的分析,指出地理空间数据库整合增强并丰富了空间数据库的服务能力,地理空间数据库更新提升了地理空间信息服务的质量和价值。     

西部测图移动GIS安全自救保障系统关键技术

为解决西部测图安全自救保障所必需的海量移动地理空间信息服务与移动PDA终端弱硬件资源、弱计算能力相矛盾的问题,采用试验的方法,研究了在PDA移动终端实现快速海量移动地理信息服务的可行性。结果表明:在"卡片式"数据索引的基础上进行"刀片式"数据组织管理的数据模型是一种有效的移动终端数据组织模型;在层次化空间格网索引的基础上,地理空间信息分割是解决硬件资源有限性的一种现实有益方法;移动安全自救被动定位是有缺陷的,必须有终端链路上传通道才有效。该系统的研发应用表明该成果对于普遍性的移动安全应急救援保障系统建设具有现实的借鉴意义。     

基于GIS的面向对象人口空间数据库设计

在"乌鲁木齐市城市远景规划修编项目"实施过程中,利用地理信息系统的强大数据管理和空间分析功能,有效地整合现有的规划图纸资料和街道统计数据,建立基于GIS的面向对象人口空间数据库,实现空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理.在此基础上进行人口规模、密度和分布变化规律的空间分析和研究,为未来乌鲁木齐市城市远景规划和发展建设提供数据支持和决策依据.     

基于GIS的植物园综合信息管理系统的实现

植被信息不仅包括属性信息、还包括种植地点、地形、地貌等方面的空间信息，尤其是植被种植的地理位置及与相邻植被的关系非常重要，但在传统的信息管理系统中很难描述。为此，系统采用GIS技术和传统信息管理系统相结合的方式，通过地形图的精确坐标来定义植被的种植地点，实现图表互动查询，便于科学规范管理，提高工作效率。     

Spatial aggregations for spatial based decision 

For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provided decision making of nonspatial data on a map and so those cannot support enough spatial based decision making. The spatial aggregations are proposed for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses. The meaning of aggregation operators for applying spatial data was modified and new spatial aggregations were defined. These aggregations can support hierarchical concept of spatial measure. Using these aggregations, the spatial analysis classified by nonspatial data is provided. In case study, how to use these aggregations and how to support spatial based decision making are shown.     

Spatial aggregations for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses

For spatial based decision making such as choice of best place to construct a new department store, spatial data warehousing system is required more and more previous spatial data warehousing systems; however, provided decision making of non-spatial data on a map and so those cannot support enough spatial based decision making. The spatial aggregations are proposed for spatial based decision making in spatial data warehouses. The meaning of aggregation operators for applying spatial data was modified and new spatial aggregations were defined. These aggregations can support hierarchical concept of spatial measure. Using these aggregations, the spatial analysis classified by non-spatial data is provided. In case study, how to use these aggregations and how to support spatial based decision making are shown.