超滤法结合大孔吸附树脂法制备复方双中药注射液

超滤法初步提取双中药银杏叶和绞股蓝中抗心脑血管疾病有效成分,利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对初提物中银杏黄酮、绞股蓝黄酮、绞股蓝皂苷等进行进一步纯化,制备出复方银杏绞股蓝双中药盐酸曲美他嗪注射液.同时,进行了双中药注射液稳定性研究.研究结果表明,在超声振荡的条件下,超滤法提取抗心脑血管疾病有效成分正交实验的最佳条件为:乙醇体积浓度80%,固液比1∶20,超声时间10 min.AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化的最佳条件为:上样液浓度总黄酮为1.252 3 mg/mL~2.504 7mg/mL,总皂苷为0.429 4 mg/mL~1.288 3 mg/mL,洗脱剂为体积浓度为70%的乙醇.纯化后产物中总黄酮、总皂苷的平均质量分数分别为37.35%、12.75%,黄酮与皂苷的比值为2.93.注射剂稳定性考察结果显示在30 d内-10℃、25℃条件下有效成分的含量变化在5%以内.     

不同地区绞股蓝总皂苷的分析及纯化

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定产自福建、湖北、广西、云南、浙江和陕西6种不同产地绞股蓝总皂苷的含量,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)比较这6种绞股蓝总皂苷组成成分的差异性.结果表明:产自湖北的绞股蓝总皂苷的含量最高,达到了11.46％,而福建绞股蓝则为9.10％.HPLC图谱结果表明产自陕西、浙江和广西地区的绞股蓝中的总皂苷成分比福建、云南和湖北地区的复杂.通过静态吸附、动态洗脱研究和比较了D101、HP-20、DM130及AB-8等4种大孔吸附树脂对绞股蓝总皂苷的富集纯化性能,发现DM130在饱和吸附和不饱和吸附两种状态条件下均对绞股蓝总皂苷的富集纯化效果最佳.以乙醇作为洗脱剂,对于动态洗脱方法最佳的乙醇体积分数为70％,对绞股蓝总皂苷的洗脱效果最好.     

茯砖茶中茶多酚的提取工艺研究

为了提高茯砖茶中茶多酚的提取率,本实验以茯砖茶为原料,选用超声波辅助水浴浸提法,通过控制溶剂浓度、提取时间、提取温度及超声波功率等因素,设计一种高效率、低损耗的提取方法来提取茯砖茶中的茶多酚类物质﹒通过单因素实验确定了茶多酚的最佳提取条件:在乙醇浓度为55%,温度为80℃,浸提时间为60 min,超声波功率为300 W的酸性条件下浸提所得到的茶多酚提取率最大﹒     

杨梅渣红色素的超声提取和微胶囊化工艺研究

研究了杨梅渣红色素的超声提取和微胶囊化工艺．通过正交实验确定了杨梅渣红色素超声提取的最佳工艺条件：料液比为1：12g·mL^-1,pH=1,提取时间为40min,超声波功率为400W．通过单因素实验确定了杨梅渣红色素微胶囊化的工艺条件：壁材阿拉伯胶与麦芽糊精的比例为1：3,芯壁比为1：14,乳化剂蔗糖脂肪酸酯的含量为0．6％,黏稠剂普鲁兰多糖的含量为0．5％．稳定性实验表明杨梅渣红色素经微胶囊化后耐热、耐酸、耐光性显著提高．     

海南番木瓜总皂苷的提取工艺研究

研究了海南番木瓜总皂苷的提取工艺．以齐墩果酸为对照品，采用紫外分光光度法在545nm处测定海南番木瓜总皂苷的含量，通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳提取工艺．结果表明：用75％的乙醇，pH=7，温度为70℃，提取时间为120min，海南番木瓜总皂苷的提取率最高，为2．66％．     

野生山葡萄多酚类物质提取实验研究

目的：研究野生山葡萄总多酚的浸提条件．方法：选择提取剂、提取剂浓度、提取时间、温度、料液比以及提取次数6种因素进行梯度实验。确定最佳提取条件．结果与结论：提取溶剂为甲醇、浓度为60％～80％，提取时间为2～4h，常温提取，2次提取料液比为l：20为宜，3次提取料液比l：5最佳．     

超声波强化大黄中蒽醌的双相水解工艺研究

以游离蒽醌得率为指标，探讨了超声波强化大黄中蒽醌双相水解工艺的主要因素。在此基础上，用正交实验优化了用超声波法强化大黄中蒽醌双相水解的工艺条件。实验结果表明，影响游离蒽醌得率的主次因素为：提取温度〉超声功率〉硫酸体积分数〉提取时间。最佳工艺条件为：硫酸体积分数为15％，超声波提取时间为60min．超声功率为150W，超声波提取温度为40℃。     

响应面法优化太子参皂苷的超声提取工艺

研究超声提取太子参皂苷的最佳工艺条件.采用Box-Behnken design （BBD）实验设计方案,结合响应面法优化提取条件,并考察超声时间、超声功率等主要影响因素,采用紫外分光光度法测定太子参皂苷的含量.经过响应面法优化后获得的超声提取太子参皂苷的最佳工艺条件为：超声处理时间为38 min,液料比为16：1 ml/g,超声波功率为280w,优化后太子参皂苷的最大提取率为0.807％.超声提取太子参皂苷的工艺具有收率高、简单快速、能耗低等优点.     

超声波辅助提取桔梗皂苷方法的研究

采用桔梗为原料,以桔梗皂苷的提取率为指标,对超声波辅助提取桔梗皂苷的方法进行研究.以乙醇为主要提取溶剂,应用正交设计优选桔梗皂苷的提取方法,选择乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声温度和超声时间为影响因素,确定了超声波辅助提取桔梗皂苷的最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数90%、料液比1∶11(g/mL)、超声温度45℃、超声时间30 min.桔梗皂苷的提取率为4.255%,通过泡沫实验和颜色反应实验确定提取物质为桔梗皂苷.     

双频超声强化对三七总皂苷提取的影响

采用双频超声（40kHz／25kHz）技术对三七总皂苷提取进行强化，选择乙醇质量分数、料液比、超声作用时间及提取温度因素进行正交试验，得出影响总三七总皂苷提取率的大小次序先后为：乙醇质量分数〉超声作用时间〉料液比〉提取温度，优选出双频超声提取最佳工艺条件：质量分数为80％的乙醇，超声作用时间为30min，料液比为1：20，提取温度为40℃．在这个最佳条件下试验，三七总皂苷提取率为82．41％．采用碘化钾溶液中碘的释放量来研究超声空化事件。结果表明：在相同的超声电功率下，双频超声释放碘的量远大于单频25kHz超声和单频40kHz超声释放的碘。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.