克雷伯氏菌产物耐受突变株的发酵工艺

克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)是1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)生产菌。研究了经60Co诱变获得的一株产物耐受突变株KpA6010进行了发酵初期供氧时间、供氧与否和发酵过程中后期维持甘油浓度对1,3-PD生产及副产物形成影响。结果显示,采取全厌氧发酵和中后期维持甘油质量浓度20 g/L的工艺对1,3-PD生产有利。5 L罐全程厌氧补料分批培养结果表明,1,3-PD的产量、摩尔得率和生产强度分别达到70.81 g/L、0.649和2.083 g/(L.h),较出发菌分别提高了54.3%、52.0%和50.7%。     

NaCS/PDMDAAC微囊化肺炎克雷伯氏菌发酵产1,3-丙二醇

研究一种新型的生物微胶囊体系--NaCS/PDMDAAC,包埋肺炎克雷伯氏菌(K. Pneumoniae ZJU 5205)产1,3-丙二醇.比较不同初始菌体包埋量、胶囊/发酵液体积、发酵液pH值、初始甘油质量浓度等对微囊化细胞发酵结果的影响.结果表明,将细胞种子液稀释5倍后包埋,当胶囊与发酵液的体积比为1∶2、初始pH值为7、初始甘油质量浓度为60 g·L-1时,得到较好的发酵结果.考察肺炎克雷伯氏菌在囊内的生长曲线,以及底物和产物质量浓度随发酵时间的变化,发现由于胶囊引起的扩散限制,可以持续维持囊内较低的底物质量浓度,从而部分克服高质量浓度底物对菌体生长和生成产物的抑制.     

乙酸对1，3-丙二醇发酵的影响

考察了克雷伯氏菌发酵生产1,3-丙二醇过程中，乙酸对发酵过程的影响。结果表明，在发酵初始培养基中加入微量的乙酸能够提高1，3－丙二醇的产量，但乙酸的添加会影响菌体生长，造成发酵液的菌体吸光度A下降。通过实验确定了乙酸的最优添加质量浓度为0.6g/L，此时1,3-丙二醇质量浓度为8.46g/L，转化率为0.62；在此浓度乙酸初始培养基中添加1.2g/L葡萄糖作为辅助底物将甘油转化率提高到0.66。     

微生物转化法生产1,3-丙二醇的研究进展

综述微生物转化法生产1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)的研究进展,包括发酵菌种和发酵工艺等.生物转化法生产1,3-PD与化学法相比,具有选择性好、转化率高、分离纯化简单、无污染、利用可再生资源等优点.要使生物转化法生产1,3-PD能与化学法竞争,在提高1,3-PD发酵生产水平的同时,必须有效降低生产成本.以生物柴油副产物废甘油为发酵底物生产1,3-PD,可大大降低1,3-PD生产成本,同时解决废甘油高附加值利用的问题,延长产业链.但存在的问题是废甘油成分复杂,抑制了微生物的生长和代谢.     

西索米星分批发酵过程动力学模型

采用伊尼奥小单孢菌F003为产生菌的西索米星发酵过程具有典型的非生长耦联特征,西索米星浓度大于0.50 g/L将明显抑制产物合成.建立了符合不同时期微生物代谢特性的西索米星分批发酵动力学模型,并对模型参数进行了估计和回归,模型拟合偏差平方和≤6%,模型能很好地描述西索米星发酵过程菌体的生长、底物的消耗和产物的合成.菌体生长期动力学模型参数μm、KS、KX、m分别为:0.058 h-1、4.046 g/L、0.433 g/g、0.0001 g/(g.h);产物合成期动力学模型参数μm、KX、K2、N、YX、YP、m分别为:0.058 h-1、60.556 g/g、1.198 g/(g.h)、0.606、0.090 g/g、0.095 g/g、0.00173 g/(g.h).验证实验表明,所建立的模型能较好地预测初始淀粉浓度为50.0~70.0 g/L时西索米星的发酵过程特性.     

Galactomyces reessii转化β-甲基丁酸生产β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸

Galactomycesreessii可将 β-甲基丁酸 ( MBA)转化为 β-羟基 - β-甲基丁酸 ( HMB)。摇瓶实验表明发酵过程中提供生长因子的酵母萃取物浓度以 3 g/L较适宜。高浓度钠、铵离子对菌体生长有抑制作用 ,为保证转化 MBA所需 p H可采用混合碱 ( Na OH、KOH、NH4 OH)来调节 ,以防止单一阳离子浓度过高对菌体生长和产物形成的抑制。MBA对菌体生长有明显的抑制作用 ,1 0 g/L的MBA可使菌体浓度减少 3 0 %。分批补料发酵中 ,连续流加葡萄糖和 MBA,控制发酵液中葡萄糖浓度不超过 3 g/L,MBA浓度不超过 4g/L ,1 0 2 h时 HMB浓度达 2 9.0 g/L ,转化率达 5 7.3 % ,HMB平均生产率达 0 .0 98g/( L· h)。     

微生物转化苯乙酮酸合成R-(-)- 扁桃酸

考察了酵母菌株FD11b不对称还原苯乙酮酸生产R-(-)-扁桃酸的重复使用性能.菌株FD11b在持续6批次(14 d)的还原反应中,一直保持着较高的催化还原活性,且目标产物R-(-)-扁桃酸的对映体过量值(e.e.值)均高于96.5%.在30 L发酵罐上进行Fed-Batch放大试验,当菌体浓度(细胞干重,以下同)为12.5 g/L,底物苯乙酮酸浓度控制在20~30 mmol/L时,还原反应49 h,产物浓度可达125 mmol/L,产物得率为96.1%,e.e.值为98.5%.     

Rhodococcus rhodochrous tg1-A6腈水解酶催化3-氰基吡啶合成烟酸的研究

利用高产腈水解酶的菌株Rhodococcus rhodochrous tg1-A6催化3-氰基吡啶合成烟酸,实验结果表明,腈水解酶的最适底物浓度为130mmol/L,最适催化温度为55℃,最适pH值为pH7.0.经过15h连续补加底物3-氰基吡啶,反应体系中产物烟酸的浓度可达到165.2g/L.在产物浓度累积不高的情况下,菌体经过7批次(共67h)的催化,烟酸的最终质量浓度累计可达到529g/L.     

类人胶原蛋白基因工程菌诱导后比生长速率优化

目的优化类人胶原蛋白基因工程菌高温诱导后的比生长速率。方法通过分析不同比生长速率下发酵液中菌体浓度、类人胶原蛋白浓度、细胞得率系数(YX/S)、产物得率系数(YP/S)的变化,确定诱导后的最佳比生长速率。结果当比生长速率为0.04～0.05h-1,细胞浓度和类人胶原蛋白的浓度分别可达69.5g/L(DCW)和13.8g/L。结论诱导后的比生长速率对细胞生长、类人胶原蛋白的合成均产生显著性影响。     

Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯

初步探讨了利用Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯(MCL-PHAs)的工艺,考察了不同碳源对菌体生长和产物合成的影响.在2.5 L发酵罐上采用高密度细胞培养制备以油酸为碳源,细胞干重达120g/L,MCL-PHAs质量浓度达40g/L,产物质量分数为34%,生产速率为0.965 g·L-1·h-1;以玉米油水解物为碳源,细胞干重达105g/L,MCL-PHAs达28g/L,产物质量分数为26.5%,生产速率为0.667 g·L-1·h-1.以玉米油水解物为碳源所得细胞浓度、产物浓度与以油酸为碳源所得结果比较接近,有利于降低生产成本.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.