鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区中生界热演化史探讨

目的对富县地区中生界热演化史进行探讨,为该区油气勘探及资源评价提供依据。方法统计测温资料和地化资料,采用古地温恢复法、声波时差剥蚀厚度法及盆地模拟法,恢复最大古地温梯度、烃源岩热演化史及生烃史。结果该区三叠纪进入快速沉降阶段,早侏罗世—早白垩世进入缓慢沉降阶段,早白垩世晚期以来进入后期抬升阶段,剥蚀厚度1 100～1 200 m。结论富县地区长7段烃源岩在中侏罗世174 Ma,进入低成熟阶段;早白垩世136 Ma,进入成熟阶段;早白垩世晚期96 Ma,埋深达到最大,Ro=0.85%,地温梯度为4.8℃/100 m;早白垩世晚期96 Ma以来,生烃作用减弱。富县地区长7烃源岩主生烃期为早白垩世。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区下古生界热演化史

通过钻井和试气资料,统计了延长探区马家沟组现今地层温度.应用地化资料,对马家沟组烃源岩热演化程度进行了评价;应用多种古地温研究方法恢复该区最大古地温梯度;采用将今论古方法探讨了该区各个时期的古地温梯度.在剥蚀厚度恢复的基础上,详细配置各个地层的岩性、物性、地化参数等指标,恢复了该区埋藏沉降史和热演化史.沉降史模拟表明晚三叠世(217～207Ma)为该区沉降的主要发育时期.热演化史模拟表明:延长探区马家沟组烃源岩在晚三叠世末期进入成熟阶段,晚侏罗世进入高成熟阶段,早白垩世达到过成熟干气阶段.下古生界烃源岩主生烃期为晚侏罗—早白垩世.     

孔雀河地区热演化史与油气关系研究

目的对孔雀河地区各构造单元下古生界烃源岩热演化史进行研究。方法应用镜质体反射率（Ro）、矿物包裹体、EASY％Ro等方法。结果孔雀河地区古生代地温梯度大于中生代,新生代地温梯度最低,地温梯度演化历史呈现缓慢下降的特点;总结出3种类型烃源岩生烃类型：①古隆起区早期一次生烃型;②草湖凹陷持续生烃型;③孔雀河斜坡一次生烃过成熟演化型。结论古隆起区油气成藏关键时刻在中晚奥陶世,孔雀河斜坡为早海期,草湖凹陷具有持续成藏特征,以上认识对该地区下一步油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。     

塔东南民丰凹陷热演化史与油气关系

民丰凹陷位于塔里木盆地东南部,低程度的烃源岩热史研究制约着该区的油气资源评价和勘探。通过对研究区仅有的两口探井(民参1井、民参2井)进行热演化史模拟,探讨石炭系、侏罗系烃源岩热演化程度、过程及其与油气的关系。模拟结果表明:1受构造活动、火山活动等局部热事件影响,民丰凹陷C-P期古地温梯度为3.5℃/100m,中新生代古地温梯度为2.7~3.2℃/100m,高于盆地周缘其他地区;2民丰凹陷烃源岩在古近纪晚期—新近纪早期(41.3~21.7Ma)至中新世末期(7.0Ma)达到大量生烃条件,与新生代以来的快速沉降共同表明,民丰凹陷具有晚期成藏特征,钻井油气显示较差,可能与优质烃源岩规模小、生聚烃时间较短等因素有一定联系。     

伊宁凹陷古地温恢复与热演化史研究

应用包裹体测温和Easy-R.方法恢复了伊宁凹陷的古地温演化史,结果表明伊宁凹陷晚二叠世的地温梯度约为40℃/km,以后经过两次波动(分别对应于K1和E1两次构造运动)逐渐减小到现今的24℃/km.上二叠统烃源岩热演化程度主要受古地温控制,主生油期在中晚三叠世.印支期及其以前形成的圈闭,是二叠系油气聚集的主要场所.     

江汉盐湖盆地油气形成与运聚特征

为厘清陆相盐湖盆地油气形成和运聚特征，以江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组为研究对象，通过岩芯分析的古生物、地球化学测试数据等，恢复盐湖古环境，分析盐湖沉积特征，厘定烃源岩发育及其演化特征，探讨油气排烃及运聚特征。研究结果表明，盐湖干湿交替周期变化的古气候，造成了湖盆咸淡交替，形成了碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、蒸发岩有规律地韵律沉积，沉积岩性为成分复杂的混积岩；盐湖优质烃源岩发育在咸淡转化期，盐湖烃源岩演化相对滞后，发育未熟低熟油演化阶段；特殊的盐湖沉积特征导致了烃源岩排烃效率低，形成了规模巨大的烃源岩油藏；油气主要沿侧向运移，常规砂岩油藏具有顺层、近源、砂控、源控的特点。陆相盐湖盆地的沉积、油气形成与运聚特征与海相或淡水湖盆具有明显差异性，在勘探中应当引起重视。     

渤海湾盆地中原地区古生界热演化史及生烃潜力

针对渤海湾盆地上古生界烃源岩多期叠加演化的特点,以中原地区为例,应用EASY%R0模拟等方法开展了上古生界热史恢复研究,研究表明,上古生界烃源岩经历了印支期均衡演化和燕山期、喜山期差异演化等多个生烃演化阶段.上古生界烃源岩演化史类型可以划分为回返-沉降增温型、阶梯沉降增温型、W型回返降温-沉降增温交替型、岩浆侵入型、V型回返降温型等五种类型,不同构造单元分别具有不同的烃源岩演化史类型、生烃潜力、生烃高峰期次,其中,回返-沉降增温型、阶梯沉降增温型的地区是古生界的有利生烃区.     

共和盆地下白垩系烃源岩评价

共和盆地下白垩系烃源岩分布在贵德坳陷,预测烃源岩面积1 500km2,平均厚度200m。在万秀剖面中,烃源岩主要分布在万二段和万三段下部,厚232m,烃源岩类型主要为滨浅湖相-深湖相黑色泥页岩和灰色泥岩,其有机质丰度达中-好生油岩标准,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ型,实测镜质体反射率均大于0.7%,94.3%的样品热解峰温大于435℃,达到了有机质热演化的成熟至高成熟阶段,并且万二段优于万三段。研究表明,共和盆地白垩系烃源岩为一套好烃源岩,具有很高的生烃潜力。     

中国西北三大含油气盆地石炭系生烃潜力对比

从岩相古地理、烃源岩生烃潜力及油气成藏特征等角度,对准噶尔、塔里木和柴达木盆地石炭系生烃潜力进行了对比,认为三大盆地石炭系均为海相、海陆交互相沉积地层,烃源岩整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段,具有一定的生烃潜力,柴达木盆地石炭系烃源岩质量比准噶尔及塔里木盆地差。塔里木和柴达木盆地在烃源岩类型、生烃演化及油气成藏规律上有一定的相似性,烃源岩类型包括灰岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩,且均经历了二次生烃,具有混源油气等特征。借鉴准噶尔、塔里木2个盆地石炭系油气勘探的成功经验,柴达木盆地需加强寒武-奥陶、石炭系等古生界地层的整体勘探,岩体侵入对于烃源岩成熟度产生重要影响,古油藏、次生油气藏及混源油气藏共同构成以石炭系为油源的油气保存形式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系烃源岩评价

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系地层烃源岩厚度大,类型多种多样,成熟度高,为了客观认识鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系地层烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力,通过有机岩石学和有机地球化学相互结合综合分析的方法开展对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部地区奥陶系烃源岩评价研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地东南部奥陶系发育泥质烃源岩和碳酸盐岩烃源岩,其主要分布在南缘古坳陷和陕北古坳陷;烃源岩残余有机碳平均值0.30%~3.12%;有机质类型主要为Ⅰ-Ⅱ_1型;烃源岩热演化程度达到高成熟-过成熟阶段;奥陶系烃源岩在三叠系朱(T_3y末)进入生气高峰,至侏罗系末(J末)属持续埋藏生气阶段,从晚白垩世开始抬升隆起,生气强度逐渐降低。综合区域地质分析认为,渭北隆起北部与伊陕斜坡南部过渡带在晚古生代沉积后,奥陶系烃源岩埋深一般大于2500 m,生气时间长,有利于天然气形成,是有利的勘探目标区。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to