大跨越输电塔线体系风振控制风洞试验

以建设中的500 kV江阴大跨越输电塔为工程背景,通过气弹模型风洞试验,对大跨越输电塔线体系风振控制进行了研究。设计了悬挂水箱质量摆、阻尼棒质量摆及二者组合控制等3种控制方案,进行了塔线体系有无控制装置的动力特性测试和紊流场多种风速下风振响应试验。通过模型的阻尼比和风振响应方差分析,验证了振动控制的有效性,为实际工程风振控制设计提供了依据。     

高压输电塔风振控制的能量特性

研究了输电塔线体系风振控制的能量评估问题.采用多自由度模型建立了输电塔线体系动力分析模型和磁流变(MR)阻尼器的力学模型,研究了安装有MR阻尼器的塔线耦联体系的动力分析模型和受控运动方程,并采用局域反馈的固定增量半主动控制策略来实现输电塔结构风振反应的半主动控制.提出了设置有MR阻尼器的输电塔结构风振反应的能量评价标准并将其应用于某大跨越输电塔线体系的风振控制.分析表明:MR阻尼器可以有效地抑制输电塔结构的风振反应,通过能量评定方法可以准确地考察不同控制方法的控制效果.     

特高压长悬臂输电塔与输电塔-线耦合体系的风振特性

对±1 100 kV特高压长悬臂输电塔进行了有限元动力时程分析,采用单塔模型和塔线体系研究了不同风向作用下塔身和横担的风振响应特性,分析了横担总宽度对输电塔风振响应的影响.结果表明:长悬臂输电塔的一阶振型为扭转振型;随着分析的横担部位不断远离塔身中心,位移响应均方根在X方向略有削弱而在Y方向逐渐增大; 0°风向下塔线体系模型和单塔模型的风振响应较为接近,而在45°风向和90°风向下塔线体系模型的风振响应较大;横担总宽度增大时塔身部位风振响应也相应增大,横担部位风振响应在Y方向增大而在X方向略有减小,且影响效果在不同风向时呈现出一定的规律性.分析结果为长悬臂输电塔的抗风设计提供参考.     

特高压格构式输电塔线体系振动台试验设计

特高压输电塔线体系具有跨越档距大、塔体高的特点,进行地震模拟振动台试验测试时,现有结构试验方法难以完成.本文以特高压交流单回路输电线路工程为背景,设计制作了三塔两线体系缩尺模型,文中详细阐述了振动台试验的模型设计工作,其中包括试验材料的选取、动力相似关系的确定、模型的制作以及试验方案设计等方面.针对由强几何非线性的导、地线与弹性输电铁塔这两种不同形式的结构所组成的耦联体系提出了动力参数分离式模型设计方法,解决了塔线体系按统一比例无法满足振动台台面尺寸要求的问题.理论分析和实测对比验证了该模型较好地满足了振动台试验要求,该方法使得通过振动台试验研究特高压输电塔线体系的地震反应得以实现.     

大跨越输电塔线体系风振控制新策略

为了抑制输电塔线体系的风振并考虑体系动力特性存在的不确定性,基于多目标优化理论设计了鲁棒H2/H∞控制器.运用达朗贝尔原理建立了输电塔线耦合体系平面内外振动的受控运动方程,在状态方程的摄动矩阵中引入塔线体系模型的不确定性,运用MATLAB的线性矩阵不等式(LMI)工具箱设计了鲁棒H2/H∞的输出反馈控制策略,并结合改进的限幅最优(MCO)控制算法设计了H2/H∞_MCO半主动控制器.以汶河-青云大跨越输电塔线体系为工程背景,分别对其进行在无控制、调谐质量阻尼器+黏弹性阻尼器(TMD+VED)控制、铅芯橡胶阻尼器(LRD)控制、固定增量(FI)控制和H2/H∞_MCO控制下的风振响应数值计算.结果表明:H2/H∞_MCO控制策略对输电塔的位移、加速度和塔底内力的峰值和均方差的减振效果比TMD+VED、LRD及FI控制策略的都要显著.     

特高压输电塔气弹模型风洞试验研究

为进一步了解特高压输电塔风振响应的特点,以正在建设的淮南-上海1000kV特高压线路中的一基双回路直线塔为原型,采用离散刚度法制作了输电塔气弹模型,进行了输电塔在紊流场中不同风速、不同风攻角下的气弹模型风洞试验.试验结果表明:输电塔模型的响应随风速的增大而增大;位移响应受风攻角的影响比较明显,在15°风时位移响应最大;各试验工况下,输电塔模型横风向的振动比较显著,X向和Y向的加速度响应处于同一量级且数值比较接近;Y向的加速度响应在0°风时最大,X向的加速度响应在90°风时最大,但任何工况下,输电塔X向的加速度响应均大于Y向的加速度响应.     

塔线耦联体系的导线仿真找形及模态

针对现阶段输电塔线体系设计中存在的缺陷和不足,基于有限元原理,建立由三塔两线耦联组成输电塔线体系模型,采用仿真方法,进行导线找形,并对此体系进行模态分析,得出导线的多阶振型及频率.研究结果表明:基于塔线耦联体系模型的导线仿真找形方法所得出导线弧垂、最大应力、线长等关键参数与规范对比是较为精准的,既实现了输电导线的精准设计,又为研究输电塔线在风载、覆冰等复杂载荷下的动力特征提供基础性数据.     

多点地震激励下考虑地形变化输电塔线体系的响应分析

分别建立了中塔位于谷地和峰顶的输电塔线耦联体系三维空间有限元模型,模拟生成考虑地形变化场地上的多点地震动,运用非线性动力时程分析方法,进行多点地震激励下地形变化输电塔线体系的地震响应数值模拟.考虑多点地震动中的行波效应、部分相干效应和局部场地效应.分析多点地震动中行波效应和局部场地效应对结构地震响应的影响,并将计算结果与一致激励下的结果进行对比.研究结果表明,无论输电塔位于峰顶还是谷底,受行波波速的影响很大,但两种模型受行波波速的影响程度不同,忽略行波效应可能低估体系的地震响应;随着场地条件差异变大,结构的地震响应变大,对于输电塔位于峰顶的响应放大程度要大于输电塔位于谷底,因此应该考虑局部场地效应的影响.     

输电塔线体系多因素风致动力响应分析

目的研究塔线耦联效应、几何非线性和线路初始张力对塔线体系动力响应的影响,并揭示各因素作用下塔线体系动力效应演化机制.方法运用ANSYS软件建立精细化仿真模型,对比简化模型和三塔四线模型在风荷载作用下的动力响应;对不同呼高的铁塔进行静力pushover分析,研究几何非线性对铁塔抗风承载力的影响以及线路初始张力的变化对塔线体系动力响应的影响.结果塔线耦联效应对塔顶位移和杆件应力的均值响应影响很小,对其均方根影响很大;当铁塔高度大于40 m时,是否考虑几何非线性所得结果相差达到25%以上.结论简化模型只能反应输电塔位移和应力的均值响应,利用塔线耦联模型才能得到真实的动力响应;几何非线性对铁塔抗风承载力的影响随塔身高度的增加而增大;导地线初始张力的变化对其动力响应影响很小,可忽略不计.     

1000kV特高压大跨越输电塔调谐质量阻尼器减振效果分析

本文结合有限元模拟和风洞试验方法,研究了大跨越输电塔这一类高耸结构在有、无调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)时的风振响应。结果表明,当阻尼器占主结构质量比为2%时,对结构在横线和顺线方向的第一阶弯曲振动控制较好,放置TMD可增大结构的阻尼比,提高输电塔振动响应中的加速度均方根及位移均方根减振率,有利于输电塔结构整体的振动控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…