唐80井区注空气泡沫驱室内试验研究

为提高唐80井区的开发速度和提高采收率,同时为整个油田补充能量,开展了唐80井区注空气泡沫提高驱油效率室内试验研究。试验结果表明,小段塞空气-泡沫液交替注入驱油效率最高,且容易注入。从产生的泡沫品质看,气液比在2∶1-4∶1之间,生成的泡沫非常细腻,且在气液比大于5∶1之后容易气窜。经济上考虑,推荐气液比为3∶1。该研究为下一步进行矿场先导性试验提供了一定指导。     

氮气泡沫驱气体窜流特征实验研究

在泡沫驱提高油田采收率的过程中容易发生气体窜流现象。为了界定气窜时机和程度,提出产气率上升指数I_g;通过物理模拟实验,研究起泡剂浓度、注入方式、注入速度以及含油饱和度等参数对氮气泡沫驱气窜现象的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂可以增强液膜的强度,液膜排液作用降低了气窜现象的发生;使用泡沫发生器产生的泡沫质量优于段塞注入以及气液共注等方式,且不易发生气窜;注入速度越小,越容易发生气窜现象,但是注入速度超过一定值以后,泡沫的封堵能力趋于稳定;I_g=0.5为临界气窜点,超过临界气窜点,即发生气窜。     

低渗油田N2驱气窜特征及泡沫防窜实验研究

针对B油田氮气驱气窜问题,通过室内物理模拟实验分析了长岩心N₂驱替过程的生产特征和气窜规律,由于B油田具有高温高盐低渗的特点,采用瓦林搅拌法筛选出合适的泡沫防窜体系,并通过物理模拟实验研究了体系的防窜效果和注入时机。实验结果表明,以采出程度和累积气油比作为指标可将气驱过程划分为三个阶段：无气采油阶段、油气同产阶段、气窜阶段。适合目标油田的泡沫防窜体系是：0.6%ZHDQ-5起泡剂+0.1%WP-1稳泡剂溶液。该体系封堵率可达到90%,推荐在累积气油比达到20 cm³/cm³注入泡沫防窜体系,可在前期气驱的基础上提高采收率17%。     

中高渗油藏空气泡沫封堵与流度控制实验研究

注空气是提高采收率的有效技术;但对于中高渗、非均质油藏,单纯注空气容易引发气窜,加剧老井腐蚀,带来安全隐患。因此,针对此类油藏进行空气驱,需要加入泡沫进行封堵和流度控制。通过室内实验,进行了空气泡沫封堵能力影响因素的敏感性分析,研究了空气泡沫段塞在不同驱替方式和不同驱替速率下的流度控制作用。研究结果表明,温度对空气泡沫稳定性有不利影响;在实验压力范围内,高压可以提高空气泡沫的稳定性;当气液比在1∶1~2∶1之间时,空气泡沫的封堵能力达到最大值;泡沫段塞后气驱,体系阻力因子先增大后减小;泡沫段塞后水驱,在一段时间内体系的阻力因子持续增大;无论是泡沫段塞后气驱还是泡沫段塞后水驱,较高的注入速率会带来较强的封堵能力。     

特低渗油藏氮气泡沫驱油效率实验研究其现场应用

为进一步提高特低渗JD油田原油采收率,在模拟油藏条件下,开展氮气泡沫驱油效率实验,研究注入方式、注入量、注入速度以及气液比对氮气泡沫驱油效率的影响。结果表明:水驱后转气水交替驱易形成窜流,封堵效果不佳;氮气泡沫驱驱油效率比纯氮气驱驱油效率高;氮气与起泡剂溶液段塞式注入比气液混合注入更适合该区块;采出程度增幅随着注入速度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当气液体积比为1∶1时,整体采出程度增幅最大。最佳的注入段塞量为0. 1 PV0. 33%起泡剂溶液+0. 1 PV氮气+0. 03 PV地层水+0. 1 PV0. 33%起泡剂溶液+0. 1 PV氮气+0. 03 PV地层水,段塞的最佳注入速度为0. 03 m L/min。现场试验表明氮气泡沫驱能有效提高原油采收率。     

QHD32-6油田N2泡沫驱高温高压可视化实验研究

利用高温高压可视化填砂管,研究了静态和动态条件下N2泡沫驱油过程中原油与泡沫的流动规律及其驱油机理,并对QHD32-6油田N2泡沫驱泡沫体系进行优化.实验结果表明：压力的增大有利于更多N2溶入原油中,使原油黏度下降,有利于原油的采出;随温度升高,N2泡沫在填砂管模型中的封堵作用逐渐减弱.在90℃下,N2泡沫体系仍具有较高的阻力因数,说明该体系具有良好的耐高温性能.随注入速度的增加,泡沫产生的阻力因子增大;但压力过大容易形成气窜影响采收率,因此,应将注入速度控制在1～2 mL/min.     

玉门H低渗透裂缝油藏强化泡沫防气窜实验研究

玉门油田贫氧空气驱油先导试验中3口采油井过早发生明显的气窜，使产液量与产油量大幅下降，影响正常生产。采用Waring Blender方法测定了矿化度8.3×10⁴ mg/L、温度114℃条件下的不同配方体系的泡沫性能，确定了较优的0.2% WP4+0.3% NS强化泡沫体系配方，通过岩芯驱替实验研究了该体系的高温高压稳定性、低渗透裂缝岩芯封堵性及气驱后贫氧空气泡沫调驱提高采收率的效果。实验结果表明，强化泡沫在高压条件下稳定性明显提高；能够增加流体在基质及裂缝中流动时的阻力，具有流度控制能力，阻力因子分布在5.09~38.66；对于贫氧空气驱后采用强化泡沫调驱的岩芯，提高采收率可达16.70%~38.11%。     

CO_2驱油泡沫防气窜技术实验研究

腰英台油田CO_2驱油先导试验中CO_2过早气窜,降低波及体积,影响区块产能。采用岩芯切割技术制作了低渗透裂缝性岩芯模型,通过岩芯驱替实验研究了不同CO_2泡沫注入方式对低渗透裂缝性岩芯封堵能力的影响以及水驱或气驱后CO_2泡沫驱提高采收率的效果。实验结果表明:CO_2泡沫能增加流体在裂缝中的流动阻力,有效降低驱替液流度,阻力因子在46~80;泡沫在裂缝中存在启动压力,它将影响泡沫起始阶段的流动。对于水驱和气驱之后采用泡沫驱的岩芯,采收率分别增加了26%和35%,揭示了泡沫提高低渗透裂缝性油藏采收率机理。     

热力泡沫复合驱提高稠油采收率研究

蒸汽驱开采稠油油藏时存在蒸汽超覆和蒸汽窜流,降低了蒸汽的波及效率。国内外采用注蒸汽的同时添加非凝析气体和耐高温起泡剂,进行热力泡沫复合驱,取得了令人满意的效果。利用物理模拟驱替实验和数值模拟技术,研究了热力泡沫复合驱提高稠油采收率的机理及开发效果。实验研究表明：蒸汽驱转热力泡沫复合驱后,驱油效率在蒸汽驱的基础上提高38.5%,达到81.0%。辽河高升油田的数值模拟研究表明：热力泡沫复合驱的采收率高于单一蒸汽驱,泡沫能够封堵蒸汽窜流通道,抑止蒸汽超覆,改善油藏的温度分布,是一种行之有效的三次采油方式。     

聚驱后超低界面张力泡沫复合驱实验研究

为研究聚驱后超低界面张力泡沫复合驱提高采收率的效果,在大庆油田的油水条件下,用界面张力仪和泡沫评价仪评价了二元发泡剂体系的界面性能和泡沫性能,用泡沫驱油装置研究了聚合物浓度和交替周期对泡沫复合驱效果的影响.实验结果表明,二元发泡剂体系在较宽的表面活性剂和聚合物浓度范围内可以与原油形成超低界面张力.同时二元发泡剂体系具有非常好的泡沫综合指数.聚驱后二元泡沫复合驱可提高采收率15%以上.聚驱后二元泡沫复合驱的气液交替周期越小采收率越高,且气液同注泡沫驱效果最好.在表面活性剂和聚合物用量相同条件下,二元泡沫复合驱效果好于三元泡沫复合驱、二元液驱及高浓度聚驱,且避免了强碱带来的腐蚀、结垢等问题.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.