6种魔芋光合特性的比较研究

光合作用是植物根本特性,其光合参数与植物种类有关.魔芋属半荫生植物,为获得不同魔芋种光合作用相关信息,应用双曲线修正模型建立通光响应曲线,通过计算和分析,结果表明:甜魔芋、疣柄魔芋、株芽魔芋、滇魔芋、东京魔芋、攸乐魔芋的光补偿点(LCPs)在2.41～17.83μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间,东京魔芋(2.41μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和攸乐魔芋(3.67μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))光补偿点显著低于其他魔芋,光饱和点(LSPs)在417.16～1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),甜魔芋(1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和弥勒魔芋(1 323.76μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余魔芋种.表观量子产率(AQYs)疣柄魔芋最低(0.026μmol·mol~(-1)),弥勒魔芋最高(0.046μmol·mol~(-1)).甜魔芋的最大净光合速率(P_(max)=14.47μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余种,弥勒魔芋次之,疣柄魔芋最小.这些研究结果揭示了魔芋种间光合性能的差异,为高光效育种奠定了基础.     

羊草在多云条件下光合及水分生理生态特征研究

使用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪,对自然条件下呼伦贝尔草原羊草的光合及水分生理生态特征进行了研究,结果表明:八月的呼伦贝尔草原多阴云天气,羊草的净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,蒸腾速率曲线与净光合速率表现出一致的趋势.光响应曲线、CO_2响应曲线结果表明:光合速率(P_n)与CO_2浓度(C_(CO_2))之间回归方程为P_n=-0.09051+0.03865 C_(CO_2)-1×10~(-5) C_(CO_2)~2,根据回归方程可求得CO_2补偿点为2.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),CO_2饱和点为1932.5μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).P_n与光合有效辐射(PAR)之间回归方程为P_n=-2.0596+0.02094 PAR-8×10~(-6) PAR2,光补偿点(LCP)为102.36μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),光饱和点(LSP)为1308.75μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),羊草较高的光补偿点和光饱和点是其适应内蒙古高原高光强环境的表现,也是其成为该地区优势植物的适应对策.     

珍稀濒危植物喙核桃的光合特性研究

针对广西特有珍稀濒危材油两用植物喙核桃(Annamocarya sinensis)生理生态特性缺乏的现状,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对喙核桃的光合-光响应曲线和光合日变化特征进行测定,以期为喙核桃的人工种植提供科学依据。结果表明,0-1 000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强范围内,净光合速率随光强的增大而快速上升。喙核桃的最大净光合速率为10.17μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),暗呼吸速率为0.85μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),表观量子效率为0.073μmol·μmol~(-1),光补偿点为44.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。净光合速率与光合有效辐射、气温、叶温呈正相关关系,与CO_2浓度和空气湿度呈负相关关系,都未达显著水平(P0.05)。野生喙核桃虽都分布于阔叶林、河谷等阴生环境中,但具阳生植物的光合特性,可引种种植在阳光充足的生境。     

不同半夏属植物光合作用相关生理特征研究

半夏属植物多为重要的药用植物,其光合生理相关特征的探究对栽培生产、野生资源保护等具有重要意义。本文对半夏属的三个物种四种材料(半夏、盾叶半夏、绿叶型滴水珠和斑叶型滴水珠)进行了光响应曲线、光合色素含量及叶片下表皮气孔特征的比较研究。结果表明:半夏属植物都具有低光补偿点(≤23.72μmol光子·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、低光饱和点(≤775.12μmol光子·m~(-2)·s~(-1))、较高的表观光合量子效率(除半夏外都在0.05左右)、较低的叶绿素a/b比值(≤2.88)和较低的气孔密度(≤58.46个·mm~(-2)),都是典型的阴生植物。结果显示半夏属植物的栽培生产和资源保护需要进行适当的遮阴处理。     

光照强度对条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝生长及生理指标的影响

为探究条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝扩增的适宜光照条件,本研究以条斑紫菜新品种"苏通1号"自由丝状体营养藻丝为材料,研究不同光照强度(5,15,30,45,60,75μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))对营养藻丝生长及生理特性的影响。结果显示,经25 d培养后,条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝在15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度下生长较好,特定生长率可达3.68%-8.23%,藻体色泽呈暗黑色,藻丝粗壮且长,呈健康状态。藻体叶绿素a、藻红蛋白、藻蓝蛋白含量总体上随光照强度增加表现出先增加后降低趋势,其中在15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度下含量最高;类胡萝卜素含量则在各组间差异不显著。藻体光系统PSⅡ最大量子效率F_v/F_m值在15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度下最大,约为75μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)组的1.6倍。以上结果表明,15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光照强度最有利于条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝的快速生长。     

不同基因型斑兰叶光合日变化及环境因子的相关性分析

为了了解不同基因型斑兰叶(Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb)光合生理特性与环境因子的相关性,采用LI-6400XT光合作用测定系统,在自然环境条件下测定了不同斑兰叶植株的光合日变化.结果表明:不同斑兰叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)日变化均呈单峰曲线,其中大叶斑兰的Pn、Tr和Gs值均高于斑兰叶的Pn、Tr和Gs值,大叶斑兰的Pn与Gs值均在13:00时达到最高值,分别为12.98μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)与0.41μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),而斑兰叶则在11:00时达到最高值,分别为5.55μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)与0.11μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),两者的Tr值在13:00时均达到最高值,大叶斑兰为3.37μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),斑兰叶为1.47μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),并且两者的Pn与Tr、Gs呈极显著正相关;大叶斑兰的水分利用率(WUE)日变化呈不断下降的趋势,斑兰叶呈先上升后下降的趋势,斑兰叶WUE值继续上升,在15:00时达到最高值4.96μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),并高于大叶斑兰,斑兰叶的WUE与Pn显著正相关,大叶斑兰无相关性;大叶斑兰的胞间隙CO_2含量(Ci)日变化呈不断上升趋势,斑兰叶呈先上升后下降然后再上升的趋势,在19:00时两者都上升到最高值,斑兰叶为561.04μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),大叶斑兰为378.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);大叶斑兰的气孔阻止值(SLR)日变化呈不断下降趋势,斑兰叶呈先下降后上升然后再下降的趋势,至15:00时达最高值0.37μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),13:00至17:00期间斑兰叶的SLR值都高于大叶斑兰的SLR值.另外,环境因子中的空气相对湿度(RH-H)与Pn极显著正相关,大气CO_2浓度(Ca)与Pn极显著负相关.综上所述,大叶斑兰和斑兰叶均适宜种植在阴暗湿润的环境下,虽然大叶斑兰具有比斑兰叶更强的光合能力,但斑兰叶的水分利用率要强于大叶斑兰的水分利用率,并具有更强的生长潜力.     

4种模型对黄枝油杉光合光响应曲线的拟合分析

【目的】为找出黄枝油杉(Keteleeria calcarea)光合光响应曲线的最佳模型,以得到较为准确的光合特征参数。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合系统对黄枝油杉的光合光响应曲线进行测定,并通过4种模型(直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型)对其光响应曲线进行拟合。【结果】直角双曲线模型和非直角双曲线模型的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)拟合值高于实测值,而指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型的拟合值与实测值较为接近;在4种模型中,直角双曲线修正模型的Isat拟合值(850.45μmol·m-2·s-1)与实测值(800μmol·m-2·s-1)最为接近,其余3种模型求得的Isat远低于实测值。直角双曲线修正模型对黄枝油杉的光响应曲线拟合得到的Pnmax、光饱和点(Isat)、光补偿点(Ic)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为5.06μmol·m-2·s-1、850.45μmol·m-2·s-1、7.86μmol·m-2·s-1和0.816μmol·m-2·s-1。【结论】直角双曲线修正模型的拟合效果最好,指数模型次之,非直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线模型的拟合效果最差。     

3年生观光木夏季的光合生理特性初探

以盆栽3年生观光木为试材,利用便携式光合作用测量系统、叶绿素荧光仪及叶圆片氧电极等在夏季对其气体交换特性、叶绿素荧光参数及离体叶片的光合放氧等进行了测定.结果表明,3年生观光木幼树叶片的光补偿点为10.1μmo L/(m~2·s),光饱和点约为为800μmol/(m~2·s),CO_2补偿点为50.72μmol/mol,CO_2饱和点为1 200μmol/mol.夏季晴好天气下,观光木净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线呈双峰型,第1个峰出现在08:00,Pn为9.0μmol/(m~2·s),第2个峰出现在16:00,Pn为4.6μmol/(m~2·s),12:00有明显的光合午休现象.在光合有效辐射较高的时段(10:00至14:00),观光木的F_v/F——m(PSⅡphotochemical efficiency)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均处于低水平,表明PSⅡ活性明显下降.     

两种叶型五指毛桃的光合特性比较研究

五指毛桃(Ficus hirta Vahl.)具有较高的遗传多样性。本研究对野外引种的两种叶型五指毛桃的光合特性进行比较,为进一步了解和利用五指毛桃提供科学依据。以圆叶五指毛桃和缺叶五指毛桃为试材,采用LI-6400便携式光合测量仪测定两种五指毛桃的叶片光合作用参数,并对其净光合速率与主要环境因子进行相关性分析。圆叶五指毛桃最大净光合速率为4.89μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),显著高于缺叶五指毛桃(P0.05),高出12.10%;圆叶五指毛桃的表观量子效率、光饱和点、光补偿点分别为0.044,1 046.89和25.17μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),缺叶五指毛桃的分别为0.036,1 400.70和17.37μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。两种不同叶型五指毛桃叶片净光合速率日变化均呈现"双峰型"曲线,出现光合"午休"现象,均主要为气孔限制因素所致,圆叶五指毛桃净光合速率日变化均值比缺叶五指毛桃高36.70%。圆叶五指毛桃最大净光合速率值较大,同时具有较低的光饱和点及较高的光补偿点;缺叶五指毛桃最大净光合速率值较小,具有较高的光饱和点及较低的光补偿点。缺叶五指毛桃的光照适应范围较圆叶五指毛桃广,可种植范围更大,在选用两种进行间种或林下套种时,应注意适当增大株行距,同时注意通光。     

广西道地药材战骨的光合特性研究

【目的】针对广西道地药材战骨(Premna fulva Craib)丰产、高产栽培技术研究缺乏的现状,对战骨光合特点进行测定与分析,旨在了解战骨的光合作用特征,为其人工种植提供科学依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对战骨的光合作用-光响应曲线和光合日变化各指标进行测定。【结果】战骨叶片的最大净光合速率17.07μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率0.047μmol·ml-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率0.620μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点1364μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点13.14μmol·m-2·s-1。战骨的净光合速率(Pn)日进程呈"双峰型"曲线,偏相关分析表明,Pn与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温呈极显著正相关,光合"午休"的主要原因是强光引起的非气孔因素。【结论】战骨具阳生植物的光合特性,适宜种植在阳光充足的生境。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.