AB_2型Laves相Mg(Cu_(1-x)Al_x)_2的结构及其稳定性

采用机械活化+热压烧结法制备Laves相Mg(Cu1-xAlx)2(0≤x≤0.35),并对热压产物进行物相、微观形貌以及力学性能分析.从热力学、晶体学和合金电子理论角度分析Al合金化对Laves相Mg(Cu1-xAlx)2的形成和性能的影响.结果表明:MgCu2中的部分Cu被Al替代,晶体结构没有改变,仍是C15结构Laves相.随着Al含量的增加,Laves相的晶格常数逐渐增大,致密度逐渐提高,晶粒尺寸增大,晶格畸变增大.随着Al替代量的增加,Laves相的硬度、杨氏模量增大,Laves相抗压强度为先增加后减小.Al进行合金化能够使Laves相Mg(Cu1-xAlx)2的力学性能和热稳定性提高.     

合金元素对Laves相MgCu2力学性能的影响

在Laves相MgCu2中添加合金元素Al、Ni、Si,采用机械活化+热压烧结制备MgCu2基合金,并对热压产物进行物相和力学性能分析.结果表明:添加Al、Ni、Si后,合金的主相仍为C15结构的Laves相,晶体结构并未改变.MgCu2的室温变形能力及显微硬度、抗压强度、抗弯强度增加;合金元素可替代MgCu2中的Cu原子,减少变形阻力,表现出增塑作用.此外,合金元素Al和Ni可降低MgCu2的电子浓度,使位错运动Peierls力减小,增加合金的塑性.     

新型Laves相Mg(Cu_(1-x)Al_x)_2(x=0,0.25)的制备及表征

采用机械活化+热压烧结法制备新型Laves相Mg(Cu1-xAlx)2(x=0,0.25),通过XRD、SEM及EPMA分析烧结产物的物相、微观形貌和微区成分,并用微压痕法测试其硬度及杨氏模量.结果表明,添加Al元素后,未改变MgCu2的晶体结构,Al替代Cu的原子位置,晶格常数增大,衍射峰向低角度偏移;Mg(Cu1-xAlx)2(x=0.25)的致密性、硬度及杨氏模量均大于MgCu2,其断口表面有少量韧性撕裂棱存在,韧性提高.说明用轻质、抗氧化性能高的Al元素进行合金化,能够使MgCu2结构Laves相性能提高.     

Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)金属间化合物的制备及其力学性能研究

采用真空电弧熔炼退火制备了Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)(x=0.2,0.4,0.6)Fe3Si基金属间化合物.通过XRD和SEM对制备出的试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及弯曲强度等力学性能进行了综合分析.结果表明,Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)金属间化合物仍然保持Fe3Si物相不变.Al的合金化改性降低了Fe3Si金属间化合物的显微硬度,有利于改善Fe3Si的脆性.Fe3(Si0.67,Al0.33)表现出较Fe3Si高的抗压和抗弯强度,这是其适中的有序度值与变形过程中加工硬化作用的综合结果.Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)表现出明显的二次解理特征,这利于断裂过程中裂纹能量的释放,从而提高其强度.     

自蔓延高温合成Al/Mg_2Si复合材料的淬熄试验

采用燃烧波前沿淬熄法研究Al/Mg2Si复合材料在自蔓延高温合成(SHS)过程中的显微组织演变规律.用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析淬熄试样中的显微组织,通过XRD分析合成产物的相组成.研究结果表明,反应直接生成了Mg2Si而没有中间产物,Mg-Si可以在较低的温度下发生固-固反应生成Mg2Si;在淬熄合成过程中Al始终没有参与反应.     

放电等离子烧结制备Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料

选用单质粉(Ti,Si,C,Al)为原料,采用机械合金化法制备含有Ti3SiC2和TiC的混合粉体,然后将Ti3SiC2,TiC和Cu的混合粉体进行放电等离子烧结,以制备Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料,并对其组织耐磨性进行了研究。实验结果表明,放电等离子烧结可制备致密的Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料,复合材料的显微硬度随强化相(Ti3SiC2-TiC)掺加量的增加显著提高,当强化相掺加量为20 vol%时,复合材料的硬度值达1.58 GPa。Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料的耐磨性随强化相含量增加显著提高,当强化相掺入量为20 vol%时,复合材料的耐磨性为纯Cu的4倍。     

磁控溅射Cu膜之Cu/SiO2/Si结构的应力

采用红外光弹测量法用磁控溅射淀积在SiO2/Si晶片表面的Cu膜在Si衬底中引入的应力。结果表明：SiO2在Si衬氏中引和张应力，而Cu在Si衬氏中引入压应力，在Cu/SiO2/Si结构中，随SiO2膜厚减小和Cu膜厚增大，Si衬底中张应力逐渐减小，最终转为压应力。同时比较、分析了理论估算值和实验结果的差异，预示和分析了Cu引线的可靠性。     

Cu/Al复合合金化Fe_3Si基有序合金及其性能

采用真空电弧熔炼/热压退火制备4种Cu/Al复合合金化Fe_3Si基有序合金.通过XRD、SEM对制备出的试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及腐蚀性能进行综合分析.结果表明:Fe_3Si-Cu/Al有序合金仍然保持Fe_3Si物相不变.Cu/Al合金化改性能降低Fe_3Si基合金的显微硬度,有利于改善Fe_3Si的脆性,提高Fe_3Si基合金的压缩强度,Fe_3Si基合金的耐蚀性能较Fe_3Si均有提高.     

机械合金化Fe30Cu70二元体系的局域结构研究

利用XAFS和XRD技术,研究机械合金化方法制备的Fe30Cu70二元体系的局域环境结构随球磨时间的变化.当球料比为401时,球磨5h,XRD结果表明bcc结构α-Fe相的衍射峰几乎消失,只有fcc结构Fe30Cu70合金相的衍射峰存在,随着球磨时间的增加,fcc结构Fe30Cu70合金相的晶格略有膨胀,且晶格参数逐渐增大.XAFS结果显示在机械合金化过程中,Fe30Cu70样品的Fe原子的近邻结构与Cu原子的近邻结构有不同的变化规律,Cu原子周围的局域晶格结构受球磨影响不大,但Fe原子周围的局域晶格结构形变较大,其无序度随时间增加而明显增大.所以,机械球磨后形成的Fe30Cu70合金并不是组成均匀的过饱和固溶体,其中既有Cu原子浓度大于化学计量比的fcc结构Cu富集区,又有Fe原子浓度大于化学计量比的fcc结构Fe富集区.     

Mn对Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金车身板组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸和埃里克森实验以及扫描电镜/能谱、透射电镜和金相分析,研究Mn的质量分数对Al Mg Si Cu铝合金汽车板显微组织、力学性能和成形性的影响·研究表明,随Mn质量分数增加,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金不可溶结晶相及弥散相粒子数量均增加,不可溶结晶相使合金组织纤维化对板材冲压成形性不利,弥散相粒子阻碍再结晶晶粒长大;提高Mn的质量分数,Al Mg Si Cu汽车板铝合金的强度增加,但延伸率和冲压成形性降低·     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman