用磷灰石裂变径迹研究西湖凹陷的古地温

对西湖凹陷HY1411井的岩心和岩屑样品中的磷灰石进行了系统的裂变径迹测定 ,并对该井所代表的西湖凹陷地热史进行了分析和模拟。研究结果表明 ,西湖凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹退火带深度为 2 0 0 0～ 390 0m ,相应的古地温为 70～ 12 5℃ ,古地温梯度为 2 .8℃ / (10 0m)。西湖凹陷主要生油岩是下第三系暗色泥页岩 ,其大量生成油气的温度约为 90℃ ,生油门限是 2 80 0m左右。西湖凹陷的磷灰石裂变径迹长度为单峰分布 ,说明此地区自第三纪以来仅经历了一次热事件作用 ,且与该地区大地构造活动一致。这说明此方法是可信的 ,值得进一步推广。     

应用磷灰石裂变径迹研究沉积盆地的热史

磷灰石裂变径迹是研究沉积盆地地热史的强有力工具。胜利油区东营凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明该盆地的古热作用比现今热作用强。盆地形成初期经历的热事件使其具有较高的热流，随后热流缓慢衰减；３号样品径迹长度的混和型分布说明东营组（Ｅｄ）和馆陶组（Ｎｇ）之间的沉积间断曾引起了盆地古地温的降低。东营凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹退火带位置在２０００～３４００ｍ左右，和生油窗是一致的。     

磷灰石裂变径迹分析在焉耆盆地油气勘探中的应用

研究了博南 1井和焉参 1井侏罗系碎屑岩 6个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果 ,得出北部凹陷中生界埋深普遍 >2 0 0 0 m ,属新生代补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在新生代以来的挽近时期 ,中下侏罗统经历的最大古地温约为 70～ 1 1 0℃ ;南部凹陷中生界埋深普遍<1 5 0 0 m,属新生代欠补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在侏罗系沉积末 ,下侏罗统—中侏罗统下部经历的最大古地温大约为 80～ 1 1 0℃ ,中侏罗统上部经历的最大古地温低于 70℃。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄特征表明 ,焉耆盆地最显著的抬升降温事件主要发生在白垩纪 ,因此盆地的主构造活动期为中、晚燕山期。南部凹陷和北部凹陷两区侏罗系裂变径迹年龄对比分析结果进一步表明 ,燕山期抬升变形南部 (早白垩世为主 )略早于北部 (晚白垩世为主 ) ,说明抬升变形的序次是由南向北扩展的。     

磷灰石裂变径迹的分析在石油勘探中的初步应用

本文根据东濮凹陷文留地区的三口探井取得的13块岩芯,系统地做了磷灰石裂变径迹的测试。确定文留地区的磷灰石径迹衰退带的上限为2,000m,下限为3,500m。其温度范围为70℃～125℃。通过换算得到该区的古地温梯度,并取得区域的平均古大地热流值。根据测试资料,编制了径迹长度频谱图、绝对年龄与深度关系图。这些基础图对区域的古地温场的解释提供了较可靠的依据。     

磷灰石裂变径迹方法研究沉积盆地古地温—以东营凹陷为例

介绍了应用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFTA)方法研究沉积盆地古地温的原理及研究现状,并以东营凹陷的具体数据为例进行了热史反演。研究表明东营凹陷的古地温梯度基本呈降低的趋势以及“马鞍形”的演变特点。从而表明磷灰石裂变径迹研究沉积盆地古地温是一种行之有效的方法,能够为古地温场的研究提供可靠的依据。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区地质热历史研究

为了解塔里木盆地以及塔中地区构造演化史 ,对塔中地区古地温梯度的变化趋势进行了研究 ,利用磷灰石裂变径迹与镜质体反射率反演计算了塔中地区 3口井的地质热历史 .结合前人研究成果 ,认为塔中地区自古生代以来古地温总体呈下降趋势 ,其间存在两个相对较高的古地温期 ,一个是寒武纪—早奥陶世 ,另一个是二叠纪 ;早古生代塔中地区古地温梯度较高 ,寒武纪—早奥陶世地温梯度为 3 .2～ 3 .5℃ / 1 0 0m ,此后地温梯度显著下降 ;石炭纪古地温略有上升 ,二叠纪时地温梯度可能达到 3℃ / 1 0 0m ;中生代古地温梯度平缓下降 ,中生代末地温梯度 2 5℃ / 1 0 0m左右 ;新生代地温梯度变化不大 ,现今地温梯度 2 2℃ / 1 0 0m左右     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷古地温与油气生成的关系

白音查干凹陷的热史研究还处于初级阶段,对补测数据进行了古地温恢复、剥蚀厚度等方面的详细研究,得到以下结论:①现今凹陷地温梯度为3.06℃/100 m,低于二连盆地平均水平3.50℃/100 m,且地温梯度随构造部位的不同而各异。②洼陷镜质体反射率最大,热演化程度最高,具备了大规模生烃的条件,其中阿二段是凹陷生烃的主力层位。③古地温恢复的结果是凹陷的古地温梯度为5.21℃/100 m,明显高于现今地温梯度。④赛汉塔拉组沉积以后,凹陷遭受不同程度的剥蚀,剥蚀厚度从850 m到3 970 m不等,生油门限变浅。新生代以来地温梯度减小,生油过程中断。⑤凹陷地质背景决定了白音查干凹陷生油层大部分处于低成熟阶段,断裂带处于凹陷油气运移的指向处,大套地层遭受剥蚀,盖层及油气封堵条件遭受破坏,使低成熟—高成熟原油遭受降解氧化,形成次生降解稠油。     

利用伊／蒙混层矿物对山东济阳坳陷古地温和剥蚀深度的反演

山东济阳坳陷盆地是受太平洋板块构造俯冲运动的影响,形成于古近系的古新世-始新世（Ek—Es）．本文通过对济阳坳陷盆地中Esd—Ek地层自生伊／蒙混层矿物的研究,探讨了其经历的古地温和古地温梯度,在此基础上,对Es4-Ek地层的剥蚀深度进行了估算．研究发现,东营凹陷郝科l井处自生伊／蒙混层矿物反映的Es4～Ek古地温梯度为3．90℃／100m,剥蚀厚度为360m左右;惠民凹陷盘深3井中Ek古地温梯度为3．92℃／100m,剥蚀厚度为135m左右;沾化凹陷桩深1井中Es4～Ek古地温梯度为3．82℃／100m,而该处Es4-Ek地层基本没有剥蚀．但从沾化凹陷中自生伊／蒙混层矿物的分布特征看,在义170井处的Es4地层剥蚀厚度达390m,可见沾化凹陷中Es4-Ek地层剥蚀厚度变化较大．另外,济阳坳陷盆地的古地温梯度普遍高于现今地温梯度,该盆地自形成以来一直处于降温状态．研究结果说明利用伊／蒙混层矿物特征来探讨古地温,获取古地温梯度,并恢复剥蚀厚度是一个比较有效的方法．     

基岩潜山油藏烃源岩的成烃特征

沉积盆地是一个巨大的低温热化学反应发生器,以辽河盆地大民屯凹陷曹台基岩潜山油藏为例,以其烃源岩在埋藏、压实、热力等因素作用下,达到成熟、生烃的动力学思路和方法为指导,探讨了曹台潜山原油的成因、来源及烃源岩的生烃过程。回剥反演了烃源岩的沉积埋藏史,磷灰石裂变径迹恢复了古地温,得出该油藏的原油是未发生降解的成熟型原油,潜山烃来源于西侧深凹陷的沙四段暗色泥岩。目前烃源岩还处于生烃高峰期,油藏尚处于油气充     

关于地层剥蚀厚度求取方法的讨论：以吐—哈盆地为例

以吐－哈油田为例，用镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹方法综合求取了地层剥蚀厚度。据此求得吐－哈盆地南部地区三叠系剥蚀厚度多小于５００ｍ；盆地北部的台北凹陷侏罗系剥蚀厚度介于６００ｍ到未剥蚀之间；台北凹陷北部山前带侏罗系剥蚀厚度多在１３００～１８００ｍ之间。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.