CXCR4拮抗剂在肿瘤治疗中的应用

G蛋白偶联趋化因子受体CXCR4在癌细胞表面广泛表达,癌细胞易转移部位的基质细胞组成型分泌CXCR4的配体——基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1/CXCL12),表达CXCR4的癌细胞在CXCR4/CXCL12轴的调控下沿CXCL12浓度梯度进行转运和归巢,转移的癌细胞在CXCL12作用下与基质细胞紧密联系而获得药物抗性.CXCR4的拮抗剂,比如AMD3100,T140类似物和本课题组开发的SDF-1βP2G,能打断癌细胞与基质细胞的相互作用,动员癌细胞离开对其具保护作用的微环境从而进入血液循环系统,使癌细胞对传统药物的敏感性增加.因此,靶向CXCR4/CXCL12轴的CXCR4拮抗剂联合化疗在探索肿瘤患者治疗方面是一个新颖的,富有吸引力的方法.     

趋化因子IL-8和受体CXCR1,CXCR2在胃肠和肝肿瘤中的表达

为研究趋化因子IL-8和受体CXCR1、CXCR2在胃肠和肝肿瘤中的作用,应用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR的方法检测了趋化因子IL-8和受体CXCR1、CXCR2在食道癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和肝癌中的表达。在胃肠肿瘤中,CXCR1在癌细胞的细胞核膜和细胞质中表达,CXCR2在癌细胞的细胞质中表达。在肝癌中,CXCR1和CXCR2在癌巢中有表达而在邻近的肝组织中无表达。应用RT-PCR的方法检测了受体CXCR1、CXCR2的转录,其结果证实了免疫组织化学的结果。在胃肠和肝肿瘤中检测到了IL-8的表达。进一步分析表明在胃肠和肝肿瘤中IL-8与CXCR1/CXCR2共表达(p=0.0448)。实验结果说明趋化因子IL-8和受体CXCR1、CXCR2可能在胃肠和肝肿瘤的发生和发展中起作用。     

IDO抑制剂NLG919联合伊立替康抗小鼠结肠癌CT26研究

本文旨在研究吲哚胺-2,3双加氧酶(IDO)抑制剂NLG919及联合化疗药伊立替康的抗肿瘤作用以及潜在的作用机制.实验以IDO抑制剂NLG919为基础,采用小鼠结肠癌CT26荷瘤小鼠模型,研究了NLG919与化疗药物伊立替康联用的抗肿瘤作用及免疫机制.研究结果表明,NLG919与伊立替康联用时未增加其动物体重降低作用; NLG919可显著增强伊立替康的抗肿瘤作用,其机制与改善肿瘤免疫微环境有关,包括提高CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+效应T细胞比例和增强细胞因子γ-干扰素和白细胞介素-2的分泌.基于IDO抑制剂的免疫治疗与化疗药物联用可作为一种提高抗肿瘤效应的重要策略.     

树突状细胞在肿瘤免疫中作用的初步研究

树突状细胞(DC)是体内最重要的专职抗原呈递细胞,是连接天然免疫和获得免疫的桥梁.cDC由于其强大的提呈抗原的能力在肿瘤免疫中发挥重要的作用.利用CD11c-DTR小鼠,检测了cDC清除(ConventionalDendritic cell)对肿瘤生长的影响,分析了cDC敲除后荷瘤小鼠肿瘤微环境的改变.结果表明,cDC减少后Treg的浸润增多.即cDC对肿瘤微环境中的Treg有抑制作用.同时,cDC清除后CD4+和CD8+T细胞抗肿瘤的Th1反应降低.我们的工作加深了对于树突状细胞在肿瘤免疫作用中的理解.     

复旦大学80后博士Nature子刊发表癌症新成果

<正>来自复旦大学的研究人员证实,在肝癌中EZH2介导的miR-622丧失决定了CXCR4的激活。这一研究于近日发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上。复旦大学上海医学院徐洁杰博士是这篇论文的通讯作者。miR-622一般是通过靶向K-RAS充当肿瘤抑制子,在人类胃癌组织、胰腺癌及壶腹癌中miR-622下调。CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)和它的趋化因子配体12(CXCL12)在肝癌发展的各个点发挥多种功     

Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路在免疫检查点抑制剂耐药中作用的研究进展

Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路是癌症领域最热门的分子靶点之一,与许多恶性肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关. Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路还广泛应用于肿瘤免疫调节,异常活化的Wnt/β-连环蛋白与肿瘤免疫抑制微环境密切相关.目前,免疫检查点抑制剂的研究和应用已相当广泛,但是以靶向程序性死亡受体1 (programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1 (programmed cell death ligand 1, PD-L1)和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞抗原4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, CTLA-4)为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂存在患者响应率低和耐药的问题. Wnt/β-连环蛋白的激活会抑制肿瘤微环境CD8⁺T细胞的浸润,抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应并诱导免疫检查点抑制剂耐药.重点讨论了Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路与免疫检查点的关系,并对Wnt/β-连环蛋白抑制剂联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展进行综述.     

细胞因子/趋化因子与经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤微环境

经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤(cHL)占霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)的95%以上并有着相当独特的病理特征,其恶性成分霍奇金-里斯细胞(H/RS细胞)只占肿瘤组织的极少部分,存在于大量浸润性炎性细胞构成的微环境中。cHL组织学亚型及临床特征与不同的微环境相关,细胞因子/趋化因子与肿瘤细胞的的交互作用维持了肿瘤赖以生存的特殊微环境。通过分析探讨cHL不同亚型的微环境特点、参与微环境的细胞因子/趋化因子种类及在cHL生存、抗凋亡和免疫抑制中的重要作用,指出针对细胞因子/趋化因子为靶点的治疗可能成为今后生物治疗策略之一。     

PM2.5引起的肿瘤新生血管形成和转移研究进展

 PM_2.5指直径≤2.5 μm 的颗粒物质,它很容易穿过呼吸道屏障,进入血液循环,可诱发肺癌等多种恶性肿瘤,已成为恶性肿瘤新的诱因。近年研究揭示,PM_2.5可刺激肿瘤细胞合成和分泌血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）,促进血管内皮细胞介导的肿瘤血管新生;并可激活肿瘤细胞,使其通过血管生成拟态直接形成肿瘤血管;还能使肿瘤干细胞向肿瘤内皮细胞转化,促进肿瘤新生血管形成。此外,PM_2.5可促进肿瘤细胞及其他多种细胞分泌趋化因子和白细胞介素,招募骨髓和血液中白细胞进入肿瘤组织,诱发局部慢性炎症反应,诱导上皮细胞-间充质细胞转化（EMT）的发生,增加肿瘤细胞干性、迁移和转移能力;还可破坏血管稳态,增加血管通透性,为肿瘤细胞的转移打开方便之门。PM_2.5在肿瘤的新生血管形成和转移中起了重要作用,然而,至今对其作用机制知之甚少。因此,进一步深入研究PM_2.5诱导的肿瘤新生血管形成及转移机制,能为PM_2.5引起的恶性肿瘤防治提供可靠的理论依据和新的应对策略。     

熊果酸对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用

目的 探讨熊果酸（UA）对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响.方法 皮下移植建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,腹腔注射不同剂量UA,检测抑瘤率和免疫器官指数,MTT法检测脾脏T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术检测CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞亚群含量及比例,ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α的表达量.结果 UA对小鼠皮下移植性肿瘤H22有显著的抑制作用,可降低免疫器官中异常增大的脾指数,增强脾脏中T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力,提高淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋T细胞表达及CD4＋/CD8＋T细胞亚群比例,促进血清IL-2、TNF-α表达,降低IL-4表达.结论 UA可抑制小鼠肝癌H22肿瘤生长,体内可以提高荷瘤小鼠的免疫能力,其抗肿瘤作用可能与机体的免疫调节作用相关.     

FOXP3+调节性T细胞与免疫细胞治疗

 CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺调节性T细胞（Treg）负责维持机体免疫稳态、调节免疫耐受。Treg细胞通过调控机体对外来或自身抗原的免疫应答水平,在抗自身免疫及抗肿瘤免疫中均发挥重要作用。深入分析了Treg细胞功能的分子机理,通过FOXP3⁺Treg细胞体外扩增或对其进行修饰改造,可以使其在不同组织及炎症微环境下特异性促进对机体的有益作用,减少副作用,这一现象会为免疫细胞治疗提供新思路与新策略。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.