L型吊舱推进器直航及操舵工况水动力性能试验研究

针对L型吊舱推进器的结构特点自行研发了一套水动力性能测量装置,并利用船模拖曳水池实验室对其敞水性能进行了试验研究.试验测量了直航状态下进速系数在0~1.3内的螺旋桨推力、转矩以及吊舱推进器单元整体的推力和侧向力等相关性能,并对3个不同进速系数下L型吊舱推进器以0.139 6rad/s的操舵速率进行动态操舵时的螺旋桨及吊舱整体的水动力性能与静态操舵时的水动力性能进行对比.研究发现,右旋桨L型吊舱推进器在向右动态操舵时螺旋桨整体上的推力要较静态操舵状态的大,而转矩偏小,吊舱单元整体受力变化较为复杂.     

对转舵桨节能特性分析

为了对对转舵桨的节能特性进行深入分析,以面元法为基础建立了对转舵桨水动力性能预报模型.对转舵桨的前桨、后桨和吊舱之间的相互扰动通过诱导速度来分析,诱导速度由面元法计算获得.为了便于对比分析,采用相同的预报模型对相应常规单桨的水动力性能进行计算.计算结果表明:在模型尺度下,对转舵桨在设计工况下所产生的推力略小于单桨,通过调整前后桨转速可使对转舵桨产生和单桨相同的推力;在产生相同推力的前提下,当前后桨转速比为1.016时,对转舵桨收到功率相对单桨减小10.8%.     

变螺距推进器设计与研究

本文提出了一种采用螺距变化方式实现侧向力输出的水下航行器推进器方案．该推进器内部有主推电机、螺距控制电机及齿轮组，螺距控制轴与推进主轴同轴安装，通过对电机转速进行控制可以周期性地改变桨叶的螺距角，从而实现侧向力输出．采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对该推进器的水动力特性进行了研究，结果表明：采用正弦曲线的规律控制螺距角变化可以产生稳定的侧向力，侧向力曲线在桨盘极坐标下为圆形；平均侧向力方向与螺距控制初始相位方向一致；在螺距角变化幅值为9°的情况下，产生的平均侧向力大小约为40 N．此外还仿真研究了侧向力、推力与螺距角变化幅值、转速的关系，结果表明：当螺距角变化采用正弦曲线时，推进器产生的平均侧向力与螺距角变化幅值及转速的平方成正比；而平均推力受螺距角变化幅值影响不大，与转速的平方成正比．将仿真结果应用于自主水下航行器(AUV)的动力学模型，验证装有此推进器的AUV的操纵情况．计算结果表明，当水下升潜和水平回转运动时，采用基于螺距控制的推进器可以实现良好的操纵效果．相较于传统的螺旋桨+舵的操纵方式，该方案结构简单、减少了电机数量、提升了AUV艉部空间利用率．与已有矢量推进方案相比，变螺距...     

吊舱推进器桨毂间隙影响的数值分析

以拖式吊舱推进器为对象,采用求解RANS（Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes）方程的方法研究桨毂间隙对水动力性能的影响,应用滑移网格技术处理桨叶与吊舱的非定常相互作用.分别计算了具有不同间隙宽度的模型,以考察有、无间隙以及间隙宽度变化对推进器各部分水动力的影响.计算结果表明：桨毂间隙对推进器单元水动力及桨叶水动力的影响均很小;桨毂间隙内压力作用于桨毂后端面形成推力,其大小约为桨叶推力的2%~3%;桨毂后端面与桨叶随边的距离一定时,间隙内压力随间隙宽度的增大而降低.     

吊舱推进器桨毂间隙影响的数值分析

以拖式吊舱推进器为对象,采用求解RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程的方法研究桨毂间隙对水动力性能的影响,应用滑移网格技术处理桨叶与吊舱的非定常相互作用.分别计算了具有不同间隙宽度的模型,以考察有、无间隙以及间隙宽度变化对推进器各部分水动力的影响.计算结果表明:桨毂间隙对推进器单元水动力及桨叶水动力的影响均很小;桨毂间隙内压力作用于桨毂后端面形成推力,其大小约为桨叶推力的2%～3%;桨毂后端面与桨叶随边的距离一定时,间隙内压力随间隙宽度的增大而降低.     

拖式与推式吊舱推进器水动力性能数值仿真及对比

为研究吊舱推进器在直航和回转工况下的推进性能,通过RANS方法结合标准k-ε湍流模型对拖式与推式吊舱推进器在不同工况下的水动力性能进行对比分析.分别计算拖式与推式吊舱推进器直航与回转工况下的推力系数与转矩系数,并与试验结果进行对比以验证数值计算的准确性.直航工况推进特性曲线、回转工况的推力系数与转矩系数曲线对比结果表明,数值计算可以准确预报吊舱推进器的水动力性能.根据该模型计算了斜流工况时两种推进器的推力、转矩系数以及轴向力和侧向力系数随角度的变化规律.结果表明,本文提出的水动力模型可以准确预报不同工况下吊舱推进器的水动力性能.     

襟翼舵的敞水及桨后水动力性能研究

采用面元法对螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰水动力性能进行计算,两者之间的相互干扰采用迭代处理.计算了敞水中襟翼舵与普通舵的法向力系数,并与试验值进行了比较.敞水计算结果显示,与普通舵相比,襟翼舵的法向力系数有了较大的提高,同时襟翼舵的转舵比对于襟翼舵水动力性能的影响比较大.在敞水襟翼舵的基础上,计算了螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰的水动力性能.与敞水襟翼舵相比,桨后襟翼舵在相同舵角的情况下,法向力系数增大,但增加的幅度不同.还计算了襟翼舵在转舵比为1/4、进速系数为0.5时襟翼舵某剖面在敞水及桨后的表面压力系数分布情况.     

基于伴随方法的混合式CRP空泡性能优化

为探索出高效可靠的混合式CRP(对转吊舱)推进器优化设计方法,基于定常整体面元法,开展混合式CRP推进器伴随方法的应用研究.建立混合式CRP推进器的伴随方程,计算推力、扭矩系数及剖面最大负压系数与前、后桨螺距及拱弧之间的敏感导数,根据敏感导数结果,结合定常整体面元法,开展混合式CRP推进器的优化设计.优化中保持前、后桨的推力、扭矩不变,改善螺旋桨的空泡性能.对优化前、后的混合式CRP推进器加工模型,在空泡水筒中进行模型试验,结果表明:优化后混合式CRP推进器的叶梢空泡面积明显减小,同时推力、扭矩系数基本维持不变,验证了伴随方法在混合式CRP推进器优化中的有效性.     

艇桨及外挂吊舱之间水动力性能干扰分析

基于CFD技术,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型及混合网格技术,数值模拟了某潜器孤立艇体、孤立螺旋桨、艇体吊舱模型、艇桨模型以及艇桨吊舱模型的水动力性能.分析了艇体、螺旋桨以及吊舱之间的相互干扰.计算结果显示:吊舱对艇体阻力和螺旋桨推力干扰较小;直航时,由于吊舱的存在,艇体吊舱模型产生了纵倾力矩以及升力,艇体阻力略有减小;艇桨干扰对艇体表面压力分布影响较大,以1.5m/s匀速航行时,由于螺旋桨的存在,艇桨模型中艇体总阻力增加18.03%,艇桨吊舱模型中潜器(艇体和吊舱)总阻力增加17.63%.     

三摆臂式扰流片矢量气动力数值仿真研究

为适应智能可控弹药发动机喷口愈来愈小的发展趋势,本文针对三摆臂式扰流片矢量控制形式开展了气动力数值仿真。研究了三摆臂式扰流片推力和侧向力调节能力。计算结果表明：推力随着主推角的增加而降低,最大推力损失仅与主推角有关;当主推角大于36°,扰流片间的气动干扰增强;侧向力随着侧向角和入口压力的增加而增大;当三个扰流片均位于发动机尾流中,前后方向和左右方向侧向力调节干扰小,且侧向力调节对推力影响小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…