改性沥青的流变性和储存稳定性研究

以高富AH-50为基质沥青分别制备SBS、胶粉和EVA改性沥青,利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)分析不同种类改性沥青动态黏弹参数(储存模量G'和损失模量G″)随频率和温度的变化,结合60℃稳态流动试验和Carreau模型表征沥青的流变性能,并用储存稳定指数IS表征不同改性剂与沥青的相容性能。结果表明:试验范围内,随频率的增加G'和G″逐渐变大,相同频率下G'明显小于G″,改性沥青以黏性成分为主,且两者的差值在低频和高温下较大;与基质沥青相比,SBS和胶粉改性沥青的临界剪切速率γc降低幅度远大于EVA改性沥青的γc,SBS和胶粉的掺加使沥青偏离牛顿流体的程度更大,对剪切的敏感性更高;SBS和胶粉与沥青的相容性较差,在相分离时SBS迁移至上段,胶粉迁移至下段,而EVA与沥青的相容性较好,体系不易发生相分离。     

多聚磷酸及橡胶粉复合改性沥青性能

为研究多聚磷酸(PPA)与橡胶粉复合改性沥青的综合性能,以更好地确定其适用条件。分别采用常规试验及动态剪切流变试验,通过针入度、软化点、延度、针入度比、车辙因子、相位角、复数模量指数等指标,对不同橡胶粉含量及不同PPA掺量的改性沥青进行研究,详细评价PPA及橡胶粉复合改性后的高低温性能、感温性能及短期老化性能。结果表明:复合改性沥青高温性能得到很大提升,软化点提高,抗车辙因子较基质沥青提高了5～20倍;动态剪切流变试验中,在高温高频率条件下,复合改性沥青的储存模量随着频率增加而增大,在中国道路行驶的允许车速范围内,随着车速的增加,改性沥青的弹性性能表现更佳,利于沥青路面的抗车辙作用;掺入PPA及橡胶粉改性对沥青的延度并无改善,且掺量越多,对沥青延度降低幅度越大,低温抗裂性能下降;复合改性后,沥青复数模量指数(GTS)斜率变小,说明感温性能得到提升;对于老化性能来说,掺入PPA能提高沥青老化前后的抗车辙因子,相位角增加的范围也较小,PPA复配橡胶粉改性沥青老化前后高温抗变形能力优于橡胶粉单一改性沥青。综合看来,掺入PPA能有效改善橡胶粉改性沥青的高温性能、感温性能及短期老化性能,其中,掺量(质量分数,下同)1.5%PPA+15%橡胶粉复合改性沥青整体性能相对最佳。     

基于动态剪切流变仪试验的多聚磷酸改性沥青流变特性

为了研究多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青的流变性能和疲劳性能,制备不同掺量的PPA改性沥青,采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)进行温度扫描、时间扫描和频率扫描试验,分析各掺量PPA改性沥青的复数剪切模量(G^*)和车辙因子(G^*/sin δ)随温度、荷载作用次数和加载频率的变化关系,G^*下降到初始值(G0^*)的50%对应的加载次数作为疲劳指标表征PPA改性沥青的疲劳性能。研究结果表明：沥青的G^*值和G^*/sin δ均随着温度的增加而下降,即温度越高,沥青抗剪切变形能力和高温稳定性越差,当温度超过64℃后,持续提高温度对二者基本无影响;PPA改性剂能显著提高沥青的抗剪切变形能力和高温稳定性,2.0%掺量PPA改性沥青的G^*值和G^*/sin δ是70#基质沥青的2.5倍;PPA掺量越高,改性沥青疲劳寿命越大,沥青抗疲劳性能越好,PPA改性沥青疲劳寿命与加载应力在双对数坐标中具有较好的线性递减关系,线性拟合优度R²大于0.9。此外,PPA改性剂可以改善沥青抗剪切变形和弹性恢复能力,尤其当加载频率较低时,改善效果显著。     

PE分子结构对改性沥青黏弹性能及微观结构的影响

利用动态剪切流变仪、荧光显微镜等手段研究不同结构PE改性沥青的黏弹性能、微观结构、黏温特性等,从聚合物分子结构的角度阐述改性沥青性能的差别及原因。结果表明:改性沥青在相同温度下的储存模量G'和损失模量G″由大到小顺序为HDPE、LDPE、VPE,储存模量G'随温度降低幅度大小顺序为VPE、LDPE、HDPE;相同温度下沥青质含量较低的ZH沥青的储存模量G'小于QHD沥青的;PE以不规则颗粒分散在沥青相中,LDPE分散最均匀,粒子为球状且直径约为20μm;HDPE的粒子形状不规则且粒径多数大于100μm;PE改性沥青微观结构及黏弹力学性能的差别是由于PE分子间距、分子柔顺性及结晶度的差异造成的;HDPE对沥青的黏弹力学性能和高温性能的提高效果最明显,HDPE合适的掺加量为4%~5%。     

多聚磷酸对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响

采用不同掺量多聚磷酸（PPA）对沥青进行改性,研究了PPA对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响,并借助化学组分和红外光谱测试分析了PPA改性沥青的老化机理。结果表明：随着PPA掺量增加,沥青的软化点和粘度升高,弗拉斯脆点向低温移动,沥青的高低温性能均得到改善。与未改性沥青相比,PPA改性沥青在短期热老化、长期热老化和紫外老化后的软化点增量、粘度老化指数和弗拉斯脆点变化量均明显减小,针入度保留率和延度保留率大幅提高。化学组分和红外光谱分析发现PPA促进了胶质向沥青质的转变,减少了沥青中易发生老化反应的活性组分,使老化过程中改性沥青的脂肪族、芳香族、羰基和亚砜基指数的变化量均明显减小,从而具有优良的抗老化性能。     

厂拌热再生改性沥青混合料的动态黏弹特性

为研究再生改性沥青混合料的动态黏弹特性,进行了沥青混合料性能试验(AMPT),分析了试验温度和荷载频率对再生混合料动态模量和相位角的影响规律,以及旧料掺量、再生剂和老化的作用效应,建立了动态模量主曲线.结果表明:随温度升高,不同荷载频率内,再生混合料动态模量趋于一致,而相位角呈不同的变化趋势,旧料掺量大于70%,相位角峰值消失;高温下再生混合料黏性表现充分,动态模量受加载频率影响较小;中低温时再生混合料相位角随荷载频率增大而减小,温度较高时先增大后减小,峰值及其对应的荷载频率小于新拌混合料,且随旧料掺量增加进一步减小;较宽频域内,再生混合料与新拌混合料动态模量趋于一致,与旧料掺量、再生剂及老化无关.     

冷再生混合料用乳化沥青流变性能

为了准确评价乳化沥青流变特性对冷再生混合料路用性能的影响规律,从而为乳化沥青冷再生混合料性能指标的建立提供参考。采用界面流变和动态剪切流变的手段,以乳化沥青的界面扩张模量、黏性/弹性模量、相位角、黏性和弹性的转变点等流变参数为主要特征参数,考察其随频率和温度的变化情况以及对冷再生混合料性能的影响规律,并结合乳化沥青各组分的作用机理和流变模型分析,采用描述线性黏弹性流体的理想模型(即Maxwell流体模型)进行拟合计算,建立了多项流变参数与路用性能指标的构效关系,并进行乳化沥青冷再生混合料的性能评价。试验结果表明:所考察的流变性能参数与乳化沥青及冷再生混合料的性能有很好的相关性;界面扩张模量与乳化沥青的黏度和储存稳定性呈正相关性,其值越高,乳化沥青黏度越大,储存稳定性更佳;乳化沥青黏性-弹性的转变温度以及模量与冷再生混合料的强度和水稳定性呈正相关性,其值越大,乳化沥青冷再生混合料的强度越高,水稳定性更好;与经典的Maxwell流体模型相比,乳化沥青的cole-cole图(弹性模量对黏性模量作图)和G′/G″-ω图(弹性模量G′和黏性模量G″对频率ω作图)均与理论模型偏离,属于具有非单一结构松弛时间的非线性黏弹性流体。研究结果可为乳化沥青冷再生混合料的理论研究及性能指标的建立提供参考。     

SBS改性沥青低温粘度的动态剪切流变测试方法

根据动态剪切流变仪试验原理,建立了沥青的复数模量G*、相位角δ与复数粘度η*动力粘度η′之间的相互关系.通过1种基质沥青,4种聚苯烯苯乙烯聚苯烯(SBS)改性剂制备的7种改性沥青的动态力学试验,得出了不同掺量、不同改性剂类型对动力粘度η′的影响规律,通过60℃粘度实测值与预估值η′=sin δ-4.862 8G*/ω的比较,证明了用动态剪切流变仪测试沥青和改性沥青的低温粘度的可行性.     

EC130沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响

为了研究EC130沸石(含水矿物)对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响，考虑沸石脱水与含水2种状态，通过黏度试验和DSR试验，研究EC130脱水沸石和含水沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响，剖析EC130沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响因素。试验发现：添加EC130脱水沸石与添加EC130含水沸石均使沥青的黏度和复数模量增大，且随掺量的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势，但在同一掺量下，添加EC130含水沸石的沥青黏度和复数模量均小于添加EC130脱水沸石的，而相位角呈相反规律。较原样沥青，添加EC130脱水沸石的沥青复数模量主曲线出现增大；较添加EC130脱水沸石的沥青，添加EC130含水沸石的沥青复数模量主曲线出现减小，而相位角主曲线呈相反规律。结果表明：沸石中的矿物对沥青具有增黏增弹作用，而水分作用相反。     

木质素改性沥青温度敏感性分析

为探究不同掺量木质素改性沥青的温度敏感性,采用基于针入度试验及动态剪切流变试验的温度敏感性评价方法,对经过短期老化前后不同木质素掺量的沥青试样进行了评价与分析。结果表明：木质素的掺入可有效降低基质沥青温度敏感性;采用复数指数法（CNI）评价木质素改性沥青温度敏感性更具优势,主要是木质素的掺入提高基质沥青的储存模量（G′）,增加沥青弹性部分;相比于基质沥青,短期老化对于木质素改性沥青而言,并不是加快老化进程,而是使得木质素与沥青进一步增容的物理变化过程。为木质素改性沥青制备工艺确定与高温温度性评价进一步研究提供了参考。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.