阳离子表面活性剂C8NBr的溶致液晶体系研究

在25℃下，绘制了3-辛烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C8NBr)／正丁醇／水体系的三元相图．用电导法确定了微乳液区域的变化过程．在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点，用偏光显微镜拍摄了相应的照片，研究了该体系的液晶结构特点。结果表明，随着含水量的增加，该体系的液晶变化为从层状→层状与六角状液晶共存→六角状→层状、六角状和立方状液晶共存→立方状液晶→层状向微乳液过渡。     

阳离子表面活性剂/正丁醇/正癸烷/水体系的相行为研究

绘制了C12NBr／正丁醇／正癸烷／水的拟三元体系相图．确定了它们区域边界范围，用电导法测定了微乳液区域内微乳液结构的变化过程．在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点，用^2HNMR和差示扫描量热法(DSC)与液晶纹理相互补充和对照，研究了该体系的液晶结构特点．结果表明：在恒定温度下，随含水量增加，体系的液晶相结构发生如下变化，从层状→层状与六角状液晶共存→层状、六角状与立方状液晶共存→立方状液晶→微乳液．当组成固定时，体系的液晶相结构随温度的变化也发生变化．     

阳离子表面活性剂(C8TAB)/正丁醇/水体系的液晶研究

在25 ℃下, 绘制了3-辛烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基溴化铵(C8TAB)/正丁醇/水体系的三元相图.确定了它们区域的边界范围.在液晶区域内选取一系列样品点,用偏光显微镜拍摄了相应的照片,与文献相互对照,研究了该体系的液晶结构特点.结果表明随着含水量增加,该体系从层状→层状与六角状液晶共存→六角状→层状、六角状和立方状液晶共存→立方状液晶→层状向微乳液过渡.     

双子阳离子表面活性剂溶致液晶的流变性质的研究

研究了双子阳离子表面活性剂在水溶液中形成的溶致液晶的流变性质.根据体系流变性质的变化和偏光显微镜照片发现,随双子阳离子表面活性剂质量分数的增加,体系中依次可以形成胶束、层状液晶、六角状液晶和立方状液晶.用液晶的空间构型解释了实验结果.     

Brij97／H2O／离子液体体系层状液晶的研究

利用小角X射线散射和小幅振荡实验研究了Brij97／H2O／bmim-BF4和Brij97／H2O／bmim-PF6体系层状液晶的微观结构和动态流变性质。结果表明两层状液晶体系分别表现gel-like和fluid-like的动态流变行为，而且bmim-PF6和bmim—BFd增溶在液晶结构的不同位置。     

快速凝固Al－Fe－V－Si合金薄带微观结构的热稳定性

通过示差热分析、Ｘ射线衍射、能谱分析和透射电镜观察，研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ合金薄带微观结构的热稳定性．结果表明，室温时已存在立方结构的α－Ａｌ（１３）（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相，呈近球形弥散分布；加热时α粒子长大，但直到５１０℃／１００ｈ粒子粗化仍不明显．升温到６５０℃发生相转变．出现多边形θ－Ａｌ２（Ｆｅ，Ｖ，Ｓｉ）六方结构相；而经６５０℃／２５ｈ处理后观察到长条形析出相，其成分近似为（Ａｌ，Ｓｉ）（１３）Ｆｅ４，并与原来立方相、六方相粒子共存．     

大豆磷脂缔合体系的相图及微观结构研究

制作了天然表面活性剂大豆磷脂ＰＥ／醇（正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇）／水三元相图和含不同油量的ＰＥ／正戊醇／油（正十六烷）／水拟三元相图，通过对相图进行分析，并根据相图进行热力学计算，得到了有关磷脂的许多有价值的信息．对磷脂／丁醇／油／水相态的研究表明ｐＨ值和盐度对磷脂体系的相态有影响．本文还以２Ｈ－ＮＭＲ方法及偏光显微镜研究了磷脂／水、磷脂／醇（正丙醇、正丁醇）／水体系形成的液晶的微观结构，证明磷脂体系除了可以形成层状液晶外，还可以形成其他结构的液晶．     

DCDAC／正丁醇／水体系溶致液晶的研究

测定了双十六烷基二甲基氯化铵正丁醇／水体系三元相图，确定了溶致液晶区的存在，应用２＾Ｈ核磁共振的方法结合液晶纹理像片做对照，对液晶的精细结构变化进行了研究，并利用差示扫描量热手段对液晶的相态转变进行了探讨。     

ZnS纳米粒子在层状液晶中的原位合成及润滑性能

在TritonX-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶中原位合成出粒径为20-30nn3ZnS纳米粒子,用高速环-块磨损试验机考察了ZnS纳米粒子在TritonX-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶中的润滑性能,并用X射线光电子能谱对其摩擦化学作用机理进行了研究.研究结果表明,ZnS纳米粒子能提高TritonX-100/C10H21OH/H2O体系层状液晶的润滑性能,其在摩擦过程中,发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面生成了化学反应膜.     

离子型与非离子型混合表面活性剂体系溶致液晶相图及结？…

对离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯油醇醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚混合体系溶致液晶的相图及层状液晶的结构进行了研究。结果表明,当非离子表面活性剂中极性基较小时,其相行为类似于脂肪醇,易和离子型表面活性剂共同形成层状液晶。当非离子型表面活性剂极性基较大时,与离子型表面活性剂易形成六角液晶。在混合体系中阴离子表面活性剂比阳离子表面活性剂与聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…