催化裂化汽油中硫醇性硫和碱性氮化物分布规律的考察

采用溶剂抽提及色谱－质谱法，对催化裂化汽油及脱臭后ＦＣＣ汽油中硫醇性硫及碱性氮化物的分布与含量进行了考察。结果表明，不同催化裂化原料的ＦＣＣ汽油中硫的种类和分布大致相同，都存在大量丁硫醇。脱臭后ＦＣＣ汽油中异构的小分子硫醇和相对分子质量大的硫醇含量较多。     

安庆催化裂解（DCC）汽油硫醇硫难以脱除的原因分析

采有无套脱臭Ⅱ型工艺，在较低的操作空速下对安庆催化裂解（DCC）汽油进行了脱臭试验。对安庆预碱洗DCC汽油的分析表明，其硫醇以C4及C5硫醇为主，另外还有C6－C8硫醇及大于C8的大分子硫醇，对脱臭汽油先进萃取浓度，再用气相色谱对其进行检测，无硫酸硫存在，由此可知，安庆DCC汽油中存在干扰硫醇硫测定的物质，使分析值偏大，这是安庆DCC汽油硫醇硫含量不合格及硫醇硫看似难以脱除的根本原因。     

安庆催化裂解(DCC)汽油硫醇硫难以脱除的原因分析

采用无碱脱臭Ⅱ型工艺 ,在较低的操作空速下对安庆催化裂解 (DCC)汽油进行了脱臭试验。对安庆预碱洗DCC汽油的分析表明 ,其硫醇以C4 及C5硫醇为主 ,另外还有C6～C8硫醇及大于C8的大分子硫醇。对脱臭汽油先进行萃取浓缩 ,再用气相色谱对其进行检测 ,无硫醇硫存在。由此可知 ,安庆DCC汽油中存在干扰硫醇硫测定的物质 ,使分析值偏大 ,这是安庆DCC汽油硫醇硫含量不合格及硫醇硫看似难以脱除的根本原因     

FCC汽油中硫分布和催化脱硫研究

对胜利石油化工总厂的FCC汽油中的硫含量、硫分布及硫化物的种类进行了分析。该汽油中的硫含量高,且90％的硫都集中在占65％的100℃以上的汽油馏分中。采用配有PFPD检测器的色谱分析了100℃以上的汽油馏分中硫化物的种类,结果表明,近90％的硫化物都是噻吩类化合物。对不同的汽油脱硫方法进行了分析,提出了汽油催化裂化脱硫全新方法,并开发出了具有显著脱硫效果的脱硫催化剂。     

FCC汽油中硫分布和催化脱硫研究

对胜利石油化工总厂的FCC汽油中的硫含量、硫分布及硫化物的种类进行了分析。该汽油中的硫含量高 ,且 90 %的硫都集中在占 65 %的 10 0℃以上的汽油馏分中。采用配有PFPD检测器的色谱分析了 10 0℃以上的汽油馏分中硫化物的种类 ,结果表明 ,近 90 %的硫化物都是噻吩类化合物。对不同的汽油脱硫方法进行了分析 ,提出了汽油催化裂化脱硫全新方法 ,并开发出了具有显著脱硫效果的脱硫催化剂。     

催化裂化柴油不安定因素的考察

将催化裂化柴油中常见的硫化物、氮化物按一定方式添加到催化裂化柴油基础油及其模拟基础油中，将催化裂化柴油中常见的酸性化合物添加到碱洗后的脱酸柴油中，考察了这些化合物对柴油安定性的影响．研究表明，催化裂化柴油中的非碱性氮化物单独存在时可使柴油颜色变深；酸性化合物、碱性氮化物单独存在对柴油的安定性影响不大．若在非碱性氮化物、碱性氮化物、酸性硫化物或其它酸性化合物等并存的条件下，由于酸性化合物、碱性氮化物具有催速作用，柴油的安定性变得更差．     

催化裂化汽油降烯烃技术进展

汽油作为最主要的石油产品及汽车发动机燃料 ,目前正受到来自环境压力和汽车技术进步双重因素的影响。我国汽油产品中的烯烃含量超标严重 ,而成品汽油烯烃的 88%来自催化裂化 (ＦＣＣ)汽油。因此 ,降低ＦＣＣ汽油烯烃含量的技术近年来倍受关注。1　ＦＣＣ汽油烯烃含量影响因素ＦＣＣ操作条件对烯烃含量有较大影响 ,ＧｒａｃｅＤａｖｉｓｏｎ在循环式提升管 (ＤＣＲ :ＤａｖｉｓｏｎＣｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｎｇＲｉｓｅｒ)中试装置的试验证实 ,ＦＣＣ反应温度、剂油比对汽油中烯烃含量都会产生影响。ＤＣＲ研究表明 ,当剂油比提高时 ,汽油中烯烃…     

汽油脱臭技术达到国内先进水平

由我校化学化工学院夏道宏教授为首的课题组与中国石油哈尔滨石化分公司共同完成的“重油催化裂化汽油ＭＣＳＰ脱臭技术” ,近日通过了中国石油天然气股份有限公司组织的专家验收。参加验收的专家一致认为 ,该技术采用第二代高活性的脱臭活性剂 ,使重油催化裂化汽油脱硫醇效果好 ,精制汽油产品质量稳定 ,精制油品博士试验合格率达 10 0 % ,达到国内先进水平。科研人员通过 4年的研究与工业应用 ,开发出了重油催化裂化汽油ＭＣＳＰ脱臭技术 ,产生了较好的社会效益和巨大的经济效益 ,已发展成为一项具有新颖性、创造性和重要独立应用价值的科…     

常压渣油催化裂化汽油脱硫USY／ZnO／A12O3添加剂性能评价

以含硫量为0．75％的常压渣油为原料，在固定流化床催化裂化反应装置上对自行研制的催化裂化(FCC)汽油USY／ZnO／A1O3添加剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明，当添加剂质量分数达30％时，该添加剂对催化裂化汽油具有良好的脱硫效果。与使用纯的FCC催化剂相比，在温度为500℃和剂油比为5的条件下，添加该添加剂后汽油中的硫由1385μg/g降到了962μg/g，脱硫率高达30．5％。尽管添加这种添加剂后由于烯烃含量的显著下降使汽油辛烷值略有降低，但该添加剂对催化裂化产物分布没有明显的不利影响。总体而言，这种添加剂对汽油的性质也没有不良影响。而在高温与高温水热条件下，由于ZnO和USY发生固相反应会导致该添加剂失活。     

科研为生产服务取得一项丰硕成果——汽油无碱脱臭新装置投产成功

炼制系脱臭科研组同胜利炼油厂合作研制的无碱脱臭新工艺40万吨/年装置,今年第一季度建成投产,一次试车成功。 催化裂化生产的汽油,因含有硫醇而有恶臭味。普遍采用美国UOP公司的Menox法,进行脱臭。这种方法虽然效果较好,但是有大量的废碱液生成而污染环境,成为一     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.