SM-18E及MA-18A降凝剂的合成与评价

以苯乙烯、马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸脂为原料,合成了苯乙烯—马来酸酐-十八醇酯共聚物(SM-18E)和甲基丙烯酸十八脂——丙烯酰胺共聚物(MA-18A)。并对这两种聚合物对原油的降凝效果作了评价实验,结果表明:在添加量为 2000ppm的情况下,原油的凝固点分别下降11.5C(SM-18E)和15.5(MA-18A)。     

丙烯酸十八酯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物的合成及其降凝性能的研究

用直接酯化法合成了丙烯酸十八酯 ,采用正交实验和极差分析确定了最优酯化条件 .用合成的丙烯酸十八酯与顺丁烯二酸酐共聚 ,得到二元共聚物型原油降凝剂 .实验表明 ,在中原油田生产的高含蜡原油中加入 0 .1 %的该共聚物可使其凝固点下降 1 3℃ ;当单体物质的量之比为 4∶ 1 ,BPO的用量为 0 .9% ,在 85℃反应 1 0 h时 ,合成的二元共聚物的降凝效果最佳     

一种含氮聚合物原油降凝剂的合成及应用

通过丙烯酸高碳酯与马来酸酐二元共聚进行胺解反应得到一系列新型高凝原油降凝剂,并进行筛选,从中选出丙烯酰高碳胺与共聚物结合后的降凝剂降凝效果最好,凝点降幅大于10℃;进一步回归出加剂和未加剂原油的全粘温方程,方程呈对数关系.实验证明:加入富含胺基的大分子降凝剂后,原油的流动性能变好,析蜡点可降低5℃左右.     

MMVA柴油低温流动性改进剂的合成及性能评价

介绍了甲基丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酰胺四元共聚物类柴油低温流动改进剂的合成,通过正交实验和极差分析确定了最佳合成工艺条件:单体物质的量之比为2∶1∶1∶0.5,引发剂用量0.5%,反应温度90℃,反应时间6h.在实验室考察了它的降凝助滤效果及与其他降凝剂和非离子表面活性剂的复配效果.实验表明,在长庆石化分公司混合柴油中加入0.05%的该共聚物可使其凝点下降10℃,冷滤点下降2℃.与甲基丙烯酸十八酯-马来酸酐二元共聚物和表面活性剂甲基单乙醇胺盐复配使用时,可使其冷滤点下降4℃.     

苯乙烯-马来酸酯型降凝剂的合成

苯乙烯马来酸酯共聚物可作为润滑油降凝剂.本文实验合成苯乙烯-马来酸酯共聚物.并考察了该类降凝剂分子中的醇链长度、酯化程度及混合酯链等结构因素对润滑油降凝效果的影响.结果表明,酯链长度、酯化程度及混合酯链对降粘效果有明显影响,十四、十八碳醇的部分产品有较好降粘效果.     

丙烯酸十八酯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物的合成及其降凝性能的研究

用直接酯化法合成了丙烯酸十八酯，采用正交实验和极差分析确定了最优酯化条件．用合成的丙烯酸十八酯与顺丁烯二酸酐共聚，得到二元共聚物型原油降凝剂。实验表明，在中原油田生产的高含蜡原油中加入0．1％的该共聚物可使其凝固点下降13℃；当单体物质的量之比为4：1，BPO的用量为0．9％，在85℃反应10h时，合成的二元共聚物的降凝效果最佳．     

丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-马来酸酐三元共聚物降凝剂的制备

采用溶液聚合法合成丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯-马来酸酐三元共聚物作为柴油降凝剂.以正交试验设计法对工艺条件进行优化,试验结果表明:n(丙烯酸酯):n(苯乙烯):n(马来酸酐)=9:1:1、引发剂质量分数0.8%、反应温度90℃、反应时间8 h为最佳条件,降凝剂收率为64.15%,降凝剂质量分数为0.1%时,研究的3种柴油组分油的凝点分别降低了10,5,7℃,具有良好的降凝效果.     

稠油油溶性降粘剂的合成与分析

分析油溶性降粘剂的降粘机理,研究不同单体(丙烯酸十八酯、苯乙烯、马来酸酐)对降粘效果的影响,并通过控制单体比例,设计并合成多种三元共聚物型油溶性降粘剂.测试结果表明：当单体比例不同时,效果差距明显;当单体比例为6∶2∶1时,可以得到效果较好的产品;当降粘剂浓度在0.01%时,降粘率达到40%以上,并在较长的一段时间内效果稳定.     

丙烯酸十八酯-丙烯酰十八胺对原油流变性的影响

研究了丙烯酸十八酯 -丙烯酰十八胺共聚物对中原 WC98- 2井原油流变性的影响 ,探讨了降凝剂的筛选、不加剂和加剂原油的全黏温曲线的测定、重复加热和高速剪切对加剂效果的影响和降凝剂的改性效果的时效性 .试验表明 :降凝剂使原油的凝点和反常点降低 ,原油的牛顿流体温度范围变宽 ,并且使非牛顿流体温度下的黏度减小 ,但是 ,牛顿流体温度范围内的黏度基本没有变化 ;重复加热的温度高于原油的反常点 1 0 0℃以上时 ,重复加热对降凝剂的改性效果没有显著影响 .但是 ,重复加热温度低于原油的反常点 ,重复加热显著恶化降凝剂的改性效果 ;在原油的反常点以上 ,高速剪切对降凝剂的改性效果无明显的影响 .在原油析蜡高峰区温度范围内高速剪切 ,将大大恶化降凝剂的改性效果     

苯乙烯与马来酸酐在碘仿存在下的共聚合反应研究

以碘仿为链转移剂,AIBN为引发剂,进行苯乙烯和马来酸酐的共聚合研究。首先研究了苯乙烯与马来酸酐投料比(物质的量比)为1∶1的聚合体系,发现体系具有活性自由基聚合特征。然后通过"分步法"和"一锅法"研究了投料比为5∶1的聚合体系,发现体系也具有活性聚合特征,聚合得到了具有苯乙烯链段和苯乙烯与马来酸酐交替共聚链段的嵌段共聚物[PS-b-Poly(St-co-MA)],产物结构通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和1H-NMR进行了研究。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to