大功率风电机组用轴承钢中非金属夹杂物特征及来源分析

采用非水溶液电解法萃取大功率风电机组用轴承钢轧材中的非金属夹杂物,结合SEM和EDS分析,对夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及类型进行表征,并分析其可能来源。结果表明,该风电轴承钢轧材中非金属夹杂物主要包括Al-Ca-Si-Mg系氧化物和Al-Ca-Si-Mg系硫化物两大类;在钢中T[O]含量仅为0.0007%时,仍存在以SiO2为主的Al-Ca-Si-Mg系大型夹杂物。     

LF精炼过程中SAE8620钢所含MgO复合夹杂物分析

采用非水溶液电解的方法,萃取分离出SAE8620齿轮钢中含MgO复合夹杂物,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对夹杂物的组成、类型和形貌特征进行分析。结果表明,SAE8620齿轮钢在LF精炼过程中,含MgO复合夹杂物中MgO、CaO含量逐渐增加,SiO2含量逐渐减少,Al2O3含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;夹杂物的形貌多不规则,呈块状且棱角分明;夹杂物类型主要为SiO2-Al2O3-MgO、SiO2-MgO、SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO等,此类夹杂物的尺寸较大、熔点较高,直接影响钢材的质量和使用性能。     

高温纯铁熔体中外加氧化铝纳米粉的研究

在工业纯铁熔体中加入纳米Al2O3颗粒,熔炼后得到铸锭试样. 用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)研究了铸锭金相试样中夹杂物的存在状态及成分. 采用非水溶液电解法分离、收集铸锭中的非金属夹杂物,用SEM及EDS分析了夹杂物的形貌、大小和元素组成. 结果表明,外加的纳米Al2O3颗粒能够在纯铁熔体中稳定存在,并与杂质元素所生成的夹杂物发生复合,复合夹杂物的尺寸为5～10 μm. 纳米Al2O3颗粒一般存在于复合夹杂物的内部. 未发现纳米Al2O3团聚烧结成大于10 μm颗粒的现象. 从热力学和颗粒运动行为方面进一步分析了纳米Al2O3在纯铁熔体中的稳定性和团聚烧结成大颗粒的可能性.     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

基于X射线显微CT的合金钢中夹杂物的定量三维表征

夹杂物对钢铁的疲劳强度以及疲劳寿命均会产生影响，但是大块试样中的夹杂物情况无法直接用X射线显微计算机断层扫描(X射线显微CT)进行精确成像。为实现对大块试样中夹杂物的三维特征观察，采用非水溶液电解的方法获取大块试样中的夹杂物，利用扫描电镜对电解后的夹杂物进行观察和分析，将夹杂物聚合成为圆柱形样品，最后采用X射线显微CT对夹杂物进行三维扫描，得到了大块试样中夹杂物的三维信息，并对夹杂物的各项尺寸数据进行统计分析。该研究为获取大块钢铁试样中夹杂物的三维形貌提供了新思路。     

结晶器内钢液流速对IF钢宽板坯表层夹杂物分布的影响

对BOF-RH-CC生产Ti-IF钢宽板坯的表层夹杂物进行研究.采用非水溶液电解法从钢中分离夹杂物,并用SEM/EDS分别对其形貌和成分进行检测,获得典型夹杂物的分布规律.通过测定钢坯不同部位的枝晶偏角,计算结晶器中钢液的流速,并用软件进行模拟比较.结果表明,实际最大流速为模拟结果的1.93倍,边缘部位钢液流速与模拟的结果基本符合;随着钢液流速的下降,铸坯表层夹杂 物平均直径增大了 9.5%.     

不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯洁净度研究

采用氧氮分析、金相法、大样电解法、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,对不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯(头坯、正常坯、尾坯)的洁净度进行研究。结果表明,与正常坯相比较,头坯和尾坯中T[O]含量均有不同程度的提高;头坯中氮含量大幅升高,而尾坯中氮含量变化很小;头坯、尾坯的显微夹杂物均有所增加,显微夹杂物主要为TiN、Al2O3-TiN和球状钙铝酸盐类复合夹杂物;头坯中大型夹杂物最多(8.77mg/10kg),尾坯次之(5.71mg/10kg),正常坯中最少(1.75mg/10kg),大型夹杂物主要为TiN、SiO2、Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-CaO,另外还有少量的MgO-CaO夹杂物和含有TiO2的复合夹杂物,这些夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣。     

软吹氩流量对LF精炼ML08AL钢液中夹杂物的影响

为实现钢液的洁净化,在安泰集团90tBOF-90tLF-150×150mm~2CC生产线上,调整LF精炼中软吹氩流量,并在不同精炼工序和结晶器中取样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)的分析结果,研究软吹氩流量对ML08Al钢液中夹杂物行为及钙处理对夹杂物的影响。研究结果表明:250~300L/min的软吹氩流量能有效地脱除钢液中的夹杂物,对10μm的夹杂物脱除效果显著;在软吹前后,夹杂物平均尺寸从2.34μm减小到1.18μm,夹杂物面积分数从3 467.7μm~2/mm~2降低到413μm~2/mm~2.当软吹流量达到340L/min时,夹杂物的面积分数急剧上升,脱除效果变差。钙处理把铝脱氧产生的高熔点脆性Al_2O_3和MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物变性为低熔点的钙铝酸盐类夹杂物;部分夹杂物变性为芯部是Al_2O_3外部包裹CaS的小尺寸球状复合夹杂物。     

钢液铝脱氧早期形成的Al2O3夹杂

钢液铝脱氧过程产生的高熔点非金属夹杂物Al_2O_3对钢材性能危害较大,因此对其数量和尺寸控制变得十分重要。本文通过设计高温激光共聚焦显微镜实验对早期形成的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行研究,通过场发射扫描电镜FESEM和能谱EDS对高温激光共聚焦显微镜制备的试样中的夹杂物进行观察与分析,发现大量纳米尺寸Al_2O_3夹杂物,尺寸在100 nm以下。同时,研究了冷却速率对早期形成Al_2O_3夹杂物的影响,结果表明:冷却速率越大,夹杂物的数量越少,尺寸越细小。     

连铸中间包钢液中凝聚态氧化铝夹杂物运动行为的数值模拟

在Euler-Lagrange框架下,基于应用分形理论对凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物形貌结构进行定量分析的基础上,数值模拟研究了连铸中间包钢液中不同形貌凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物的运动行为.研究发现中间包钢液流场和夹杂物形貌尺寸共同影响夹杂物在钢液中的运动行为.随着尺寸的变大,簇群状和致密球形两种形貌Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率都逐渐增加.在相同尺寸下,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率比致密球形Al2O3夹杂物低;随着尺寸的增加,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率相比于同尺寸致密球形Al2O3夹杂物降低得就越多.计算结果显示,与同尺寸的致密球形Al2O3夹杂物相比,直径为20、40、60和80μm的簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率分别降低了4.8%、5.7%、6.4%和12.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.