微生物对原油的乳化及促进白腐真菌原油降解研究

从胜利油田东辛采油厂含油废水中分离到3株能以原油为唯一碳源和能源并能乳化原油的菌株，采用油膜扩散法测其乳化能力，筛选原油乳化较好的菌株并预处理原油，再接种白腐真菌降解原油.结果表明筛选的3株细菌（分别命名为zsh7、zsh10、zsh11）发酵液使油膜空斑直径均大于19 cm.分别接种3株菌株和白腐真菌，在7天内可显著提高白腐真菌对原油的降解率，从71％分别提高到90％、93％、954％.经鉴定3株菌株分别为短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus sp) 、芽孢杆菌属（Bacullus sp     

石油降解菌的筛选及其降解能力的初步研究

为了获得高效石油降解菌株，以原油为唯一碳源，从克拉玛依石油污染土壤中分离筛选得到14株细菌，利用紫外分光光度法、氯化三苯基四氮唑法和吐温80法对其石油降解能力进行了研究。结果表明：菌株中M3、M7、M9和M11的石油降解能力较高，降解率分别达到71．6％、56．2％、88．2％和60．3％，且这些菌株均有较高的TTC-脱氢酶活性和脂酶活性，因此可以根据两种酶活性的高低初步判断菌株的石油降解能力。     

海水中原油生物的降解

研究了自行分离的两株原油降解菌SYl和SY2的降解特性．结果表明，在不加任何营养盐下，菌株SYl和SY2的原油降解率分别达到41．3％和42．6％，实际海水的盐含量、温度、pH值和氧溶解量能够满足菌株降解原油的需求，并且具有较宽的底物利用范围．建立了菌株SYl和SY2降解原油的动力学模型，该模型基本符合Miehealis-Menten方程．     

高效原油降解菌的筛选及其降解能力的研究

从原油污染的土壤和水体中分离到3株高效原油降解菌，其中LSD-3在原油浓度为120mg／L的废水中，经过5d的培养，原油的降解率为69％左右．并对单菌株和混合菌种降解原油的能力做了比较，发现混合菌种比单菌株对原油具有更好的降解能力，达到75％以上．同时对混合菌种降解原油的最适条件做了研究，确定了混合菌种降解原油的最适条件为pH值7．5、矿化度7800mg／L、温度40℃、好氧、原油浓度为50～150mg／L．     

两株芽孢杆菌对玉门油田原油的降解作用

以石油为唯一碳源，从被石油污染的玉门油田土壤中，分离、筛选出2株高效降解石油的茵株A和B，研究了它们对原油的降解能力．结果表明，经12d后，A、B对原油的降解率分别可迭61．71％和53．12％．GC-MS分析表明，饱和烃中的正构烷烃、烷基环己烷、烷基苯和二环烷均能被明显降解，芳香烃中的萘和烷基萘经降解后几乎消失，菲和烷基菲经菌A作用后发生明显降解．茵株经鉴定，二者均为芽孢杆茵．     

高效降解泔脚垃圾微生物制剂的研制

从堆肥土壤中筛选得到16株产蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力较高菌株。通过摇瓶筛选试验。确定了由14株菌组成的高效降解泔脚垃圾的微生物制剂，并在1．5kg泔脚处理机上进行降解试验。结果表明，投入100g菌粉能在24h内将1．5—2．0kg泔脚垃圾基本降解，降解率达95％以上，连续运转1个月，其分解能力没有下降。     

降解原油混合微生物菌株的筛选及其性能

从30个土样中筛选出3株高效降解原油的菌株,它们为DCH-16,DCH-19和DCH-20,7天后原油降解率分别为75.6%,80.3%和73.2%.经鉴定,分别是脂肪酸芽孢杆菌属Alicycolobacillus,芽孢肠状杆菌属Sporomaculum和盐芽孢杆菌属Halobacillus.将此3株高效降解原油菌在原油培养基中进行混合培养,结果表明,在相同条件下混合菌原油降解效果优于单菌.将混合菌株(DCH-19 DCH-20)用于处理原油时,原油降解率达89.1%;用于胜华炼油厂废水处理时,原油降解率为80.2%,表明该混合菌株有较好的降解原油能力.     

两株石油降解菌的降解性能研究

为研究石油污染土壤的生物修复技术,利用正交试验法对假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.ZL13和产碱菌Alcaligenes sp.ZL21两株原油生物降解菌株的降油影响因素和最优降解条件进行了研究。通过气质联用方法分析两株菌对原油不同组分的降解能力,结果表明:影响两株菌降解的重要因素是原油浓度和温度;在最优降解条件下,菌株ZL13和ZL21的7d原油降解率分别为72.68%和73.10%;菌株ZL13和ZL21对原油大多数组分都有较高的降解能力,ZL21的降解效果要略优于ZL13。     

高矿化度条件下石油烃降解菌种的筛选与评价

为了获得高效石油降解菌种,以原油为唯一碳源,从油水混合物中分离筛选出菌株.研究不同的温度、转速等对菌体生长情况和石油降解率的影响.在实验条件下,2株优势菌在适宜的条件下对石油的降黏率可分别高达28.5%、51.5%.偏酸或偏碱环境均不利于菌体生长,培养温度对2株菌体生长和石油降解率影响较大,最佳温度是35℃.在高矿化度条件下,菌株对原油仍有降解作用,降黏率为40%以上.原油组分分析结果表明,菌种在以原油为碳源培养后,使原油组分中沥青质、非烃及芳烃类含量均发生变化.     

除油好氧降解菌的筛选与除油效果初探

为筛选降解含油废水中石油烃的好氧降解菌株,选用炼油厂石油废水处理站曝气池活性污泥作为菌源,采用平板分离,得到39株菌。利用得到的菌株对含油废水中的CODCr和油进行降解效果试验,并进行混合菌的联合试验,确定出混合菌中假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp)为优势菌属。通过单株菌与混合菌降解试验的比较,结果表明全混合菌的降解效果明显优于单株菌,从而说明共代谢作用增强了微生物的降解能力。试验表明,经过驯化后的混合菌,其降解效率稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…