汽车碰撞的基本规律

应用非线性有限元结构分析簌件对多种汽车进行碰撞过程的计算机模拟计算．在数百例碰撞算例的计算结果中，对速度、加速度、撞压变形、能量、碰撞力作了统计分析，给出了统计规律和相应的解析方程．     

基于临界碰撞速度的船舶结构耐撞性优化

分析船舶结构碰撞破损、能量转换和碰撞力间的关系,提出以临界撞速为耐撞性指标的船舶结构耐撞性评价模型,建立了船舶结构耐撞性优化方程.以2艘渔船发生正碰为例,开展了船舶碰撞的数值计算.比较了撞击速度对结构碰撞特性的影响,确定了临界撞击速度,给出了以提高船舶结构临界撞速为目标的结构改进建议.数值计算结果表明,基于临界撞速的船舶结构耐撞性评价指标具有可行性.     

车辆碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价

针对某型轿车进行了正面和侧面碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价.建立了含50百分位的HybridⅢ型假人及安全带约束系统的整车有限元模型,根据动态非线性有限元法的基本原理,建立碰撞过程描述方程和结构有限元离散化方程.在LS-DYNA环境下,对整车集成系统进行了正面和侧面碰撞的数值模拟和分析,求解出了碰撞时整车位移、速度和加速时间,并分析了该车在碰撞过程中主要吸能部件的吸能效果及能量与力的传播途径,以及假人的伤害程度.仿真结果表明,含假人的汽车碰撞过程计算机模拟,不仅能预测汽车结构本身的耐撞性能,还能较准确地预测碰撞过程中乘员的响应与伤害程度,对于减少实车碰撞试验次数,加快新车型开发速度具有重要意义.     

高桩承台桥梁船撞动力需求的时程分析法

船撞桥问题涉及到材料、几何和边界条件的非线性,造成了整船碰撞有限元模型不但计算效率低下,而且较难为工程师所接受。鉴于此,提出采用简化的时程分析法来帮助设计者快速准确地掌握桥梁结构在船撞作用下的动力需求。在构建时程分析法过程中,首先基于两自由度碰撞分析模型,建立了基本的能量守恒方程和动量守恒方程以能量守恒方程和构建的动力撞击力和撞深曲线(Pd-a曲线)为依据,确定了船艏的最大撞深,并对结构弹性变形能的考虑进行了讨论。根据假定的加载时撞深与时间的关系和卸载时撞击力与时间的关系,推导了船撞作用加载和卸载的持时计算公式。总结形成了基于时程分析法计算高桩承台桥梁船撞动力需求的一般性程序,并将其运用工程实例中。工程实例计算结果表明:时程分析法计算所得的结构动力响应与整船碰撞模型结果基本一致,且计算效率较高。     

初速度对被撞船舷侧结构影响

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了两船发生侧向对中垂直碰撞的非线性有限元模型,模型中考虑了材料非线性、几何非线性等因素;并以所建立的非线性有限元模型为基础,对被撞船舷侧结构碰撞性能进行了仿真研究,得到了碰撞力和能量随碰撞船位移变化的关系曲线,重点研究了碰撞船初速度的影响.数值仿真结果表明,不同的碰撞船初速度会导致被撞船舷侧结构产生不同形式的变形和不同程度的损伤.同时,通过仿真计算得到了某一确定碰撞情景下被撞船舷侧内、外壳破裂的临界速度,可以为海事部门制定海上限速避碰规则提供依据.     

地震中结构碰撞的接触单元模型的改进算法

针对用于地震碰撞分析的接触单元模型提出了一种改进求解方法。该方法把碰撞问题等效为一个弹簧—振子模型,由振子、弹簧和阻尼器构成。振子的运动过程代表碰撞的压缩和恢复过程。可以通过对运动方程的求解,得到相对压入量、相对压入速度、碰撞力、碰撞持续时间及其相互关系。该求解方法没有像常用求解方法假设压缩过程和恢复过程中耗散能量相等或者相对压入速度绝对值相等,所以可以得到精确解或者无限接近精确解的近似解。在碰撞中能量耗散较小的情况下,Hertzdamp模型常用求解方法得到的结果接近精确解;而当能量耗散较大时,与精确解的差别就比较大。改进算法不论碰撞中能量耗散大或者小,都可以得到无限接近精确解的结果。因此,改进算法比常用算法更具优越性,尤其是对于存在大量能量耗散的地震碰撞问题。     

飞机碰撞混凝土靶冲击载荷的解析研究

为完善飞机碰撞混凝土靶的冲击载荷方程,提出在碰撞中飞机前端存在一个破碎区域,并应用应力波原理分析其形成机理、计算该区间长度;应用动量守恒原理推导含有破碎区域的飞机的冲击载荷方程. 计算和推导结果表明,由于破碎区域的存在,该区域的长度以及内部的速度分布共同决定了冲击载荷方程质量系数的大小. 计算不同的速度分布形式下系数的不同取值范围,并且分析不同系数取值范围的合理性.     

异形容腔在边界受冲击载荷下的流动分析

研究了扇形流域内隔板受冲击激励时大粘性流体的流动特性，通过理论分析和数值计算，证实了域内流动遵循非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，其原变量型有限元方程系数矩阵具有不对称性和非线性性，对Ｎ－Ｓ方程根据具体情况作了一定简化，利用有限元求出其速度一压力分布．结果表明，本文采用的计算方法和简化思想在工程应用中是可行的。     

基于LS-DYNA的整车正面碰撞仿真分析及优化

在汽车碰撞事故中,正面碰撞发生的几率是最大的。论文利用CATIA对某款车型进行三维建模,应用Hypermesh和LS-DYNA对汽车正面碰撞中整车的速度、加速度、门框变形量和前围入侵量进行仿真分析。针对前围入侵量过大,开展前纵梁的结构优化与材料的改进,优化后的前围入侵量改善明显,提高了车辆耐撞性,为后续设计提供了依据。     

光声耦合方程组的近似解

利用多重尺度方法,研究了布拉格光栅中光波和声波的相互作用.将光声耦合方程组约化到标准的非线性薛定谔方程,从而由非线性薛定谔方程的解得到了原方程组的近似单孤子解和二孤子解,分析了孤子的速度和二孤子碰撞的图像.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.