用钌离子催化氧化法研究干酪根及其显微组分的化学结构

用钌离子选择性催化氧化法研究了茂名油页岩干酪根、山西蒲县藻煤藻类体、长广树皮煤的树皮体以及山西繁峙褐煤镜质组的化学结构。研究结果表明 ,茂名油页岩干酪根和蒲县藻煤藻类体的化学结构均以醚 /酯键形式交联的中等链长的脂链结构为主 ,繁峙褐煤镜质组中的芳香结构仍保留着木质素基本结构单元的单环结构 ,同时含有丰富的脂族化合物。这些脂族化合物可能来自这一富氢显微组分中的超微类脂体。长广树皮煤中树皮体以少于 4个环的稠环化学结构为主 ,由小于C12 的脂链交联成大分子     

华南晚二叠世"树皮体"显微傅里叶红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)特征及意义

在高纯度煤岩显微组分分离富集的基础上,应用透射式显微傅里叶红外光谱技术(Micro-FTIR),对华南晚二叠世煤中中国特有的显微组分--树皮体--的化学结构进行了测定,并与新疆吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中的镜质体、丝质体和孢子体进行对比.结果表明:树皮体与孢子体的红外光谱特征较为相近,主要由长链脂族结构组成,芳香结构和含氧基团相对较少.此特点与镜质体和丝质体主要由芳香结构组成、脂肪族结构(尤其是长链脂肪烃)含量相对较少(或很少)明显不同.上述结构特征决定了树皮体与孢子体类似,是一种油气生成潜力较大的显微组分.此特点对在华南地区寻找与富含树皮体煤系地层有关的油气资源具有重要的意义.     

煤显微组分表面含氧官能团的XPS分析

氧原子作为煤中最丰富的杂原子,C-O官能团的形态对煤的性质有重要影响。为了研究煤岩显微组分的含氧官能团,对手选高纯度镜质组和惰质组进行了XPS分析和化学计算。结果表明,煤岩组分的元素组成以C、O为主,含少量的N和无机矿物元素。其中的氧主要以-OH、-O-、COO-和SiO_2形式存在。C-C、C-H、C-O单键和COO-是碳的主要存在形式。镜质组中的脂肪族侧链和-OH基团较多;惰质组中-O-的原子浓度明显高于镜质组,而COO-略多于镜质组。镜质组表面总极性含氧官能团数量更多。研究结果有助于全面认识煤的结构和性质。     

腐殖煤镜质组的基本类型

通过对华北盆地滨海和三角洲环境下形成的石炭二叠系(晚石炭太原组C_2和早二叠世山西纽P_1~1)腐殖煤的镜质组单组分样品的煤岩学、有机地球化学、煤化学、生物标志化合物和分子化学结构等参数的详细分析确认,研究区腐殖煤的镜质组存在两种基本类型,即富氢镜质体(Ⅰ型)和贫氢镜质体(Ⅱ型)。     

用^13C NMR波谱技术研究烃源岩显微组分的化学结构与成烃潜力

取１７个烃源岩的显微组分，用＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ波谱技术进行了化学结构与成烃潜力的研究。按照脂碳的丰度与油气潜力碳的大小，各组分可按如下顺序排列：藻类体、树脂体、角质体、孢子体、木栓质体、镜质体、惰性体。以惰性碳、油潜力碳与气潜力碳划分显微组分为三组成，并构成三元图。藻类体位于图的上部，相当于Ｉ型干酪根；各稳定组分位于图的中部，相应于Ⅱ型干酪根；镜质体与惰质体位于图的左下部，相当于Ⅲ型干酪根。据此，可     

塔里木盆地煤显微组分显微傅里叶红外光谱特征及意义

应用显微红外光谱技术,对塔里木盆地侏罗纪煤中有代表性的3种组分角质体,镜质体、丝质体在不同热模拟温度下的结构组成变化特征进行了研究,结果表明：角质体结构组成中含有较丰富的长链脂族结构,而芳香结构和含氧官能团的含量则相对减少;与此相反,丝质体结构组成中芳香烃占绝对优势,而脂族结构含量则很少,镜质体结构组成介入体和丝质体之间,含有较多的短链脂族结构和芳香结构。据此推断,角质体具有高的生烃潜力,是一种倾油组分;镜质体生烃潜力中等,是一种倾气组分,但也可以生成一定数量的液态烃;丝质体生烃潜力很小,对煤成烃的贡献微不足道,另外,随热模拟温度的升高,3种组分中的脂族结构和含氧官能团都呈现明显的由强到弱的变化,而芳香结构比较稳定,在整个生烃热演化过程中则呈现芳环缩合度增加芳烃相对富集的趋势。由此说明,煤生烃过程主要是一种脂族结构和含氧基团不断脱落,芳香结构不断缩聚的过程。     

塔里木盆地煤显微组分显微傅里叶红外光谱特征及意义

应用显微红外光谱技术,对塔里木盆地侏罗纪煤中有代表性的3种组分角质体、镜质体、丝质体在不同热模拟温度下的结构组成变化特征进行了研究,结果表明:角质体结构组成中含有较丰富的长链脂族结构,而芳香结构和含氧官能团的含量则相对较少;与此相反,丝质体结构组成中芳香烃占绝对优势,而脂族结构含量则很少;镜质体结构组成介于角质体和丝质体之间,含有较多的短链脂族结构和芳香结构.据此推断,角质体具有高的生烃潜力,是一种倾油组分;镜质体生烃潜力中等,是一种倾气组分,但也可以生成一定数量的液态烃;丝质体生烃潜力很小,对煤成烃的贡献微不足道.另外,随热模拟温度的升高,3种组分中的脂族结构和含氧官能团都呈现明显的由强到弱的变化,而芳香结构比较稳定,在整个生烃热演化过程中则呈现芳环缩合度增加芳烃相对富集的趋势.由此说明,煤生烃过程主要是一种脂族结构和含氧基团不断脱落、芳香结构不断缩聚的过程.     

用~13CNMR波谱技术研究烃源岩显微组分的化学结构与成烃潜力

取１７个烃源岩的显微组分，用￣１３ＣＮＭＲ波谱技术进行了化学结构与成烃潜力的研究，按照脂碳的丰度与油气潜力碳的大小，各组分可按如下顺序排列：藻类体、树脂体、角质体、孢子体、木栓质体、镜质体、惰性体．以惰性碳、油潜力碳与气潜力碳划分显微组分为三组成，并构成三元图，藻类体位于图的上部，相当于Ｉ型干酪根；各稳定组分位于图的中部，相应干Ⅱ型干酚根；镜质体与惰质体位于图的左下部，相当于Ⅲ型干酪根．据此，可从烃源岩显微组分的分析组成估算它的生油与生气潜力     

镜质组亚组分分子结构上的差异及其意义

本文应用红外光谱方法研究煤中镜质组及其液化产物,目的在于研究镜质组结构对液化性的影响。研究结果表明,不同还原型镜质组的液化性差别在于其化学结构上的差别。     

伊宁凹陷侏罗系主要煤层煤岩煤质特征

伊宁凹陷煤系地层主要分布于侏罗系中下统水西沟群(J1-2sh)八道湾组(21-23煤、27-29煤)、西山窑组(6-7煤、10煤),煤层厚度大,分布稳定,结构简单。研究结果表明:伊宁凹陷4套主要煤层显微组分以惰性组为主,镜质组次之,壳质组极少,自下而上惰性组含量逐渐增高,镜质组含量逐渐减少;煤质属低-中灰、低硫、中高-高挥发分、高-特高发热量不粘煤;煤的挥发分与灰分呈弱负相关关系,与全硫含量、发热量分别弱正相关。究其原因,传统的煤变质指标挥发分对于低变质长烟煤、不粘煤适用性较差。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.