用三阶导数分光光度法测定原油及渣油中的微量铁

本文介绍了在pH=1.4的KCl-盐酸缓冲溶液中,以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂,用三阶导数分光光度法直接测定原油及渣油中微量铁的方法。本法不加掩蔽剂,利用导数分光光度法具有的抗干扰及高分辨的优点可以消除镍和钒的严重干扰。本法简单、灵敏、准确,在0～26μg/25ml范围内服从比耳定律。经对样品的多次测定和回收实验表明:本法标准偏差小于0.45ppm:相对标准偏差小于5％;回收率为99～109％,与等离子体法测定结果接近,符合测定要求。     

用四阶导数分光光度法测定重油中的微量镍

本文通过考察导数分光光度法测定重油微量镍的条件和参数,提出了在PH=3.0的柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲溶液存在的条件下,用5-Br-PADAP作显色剂,用四阶导数光度法直接测定重油中微量镍的新方法。本法具有简单、灵敏、准确、不受共存元素干扰的优点,服从比耳定律的线性范围是 0～13μg/25mL。经对不同油样的测定可知,本法的标准偏差均小于1.2ppm,变异系数<6％;与AAS相比,相对误差<15％;回收率为99～114％,符合测定要求。     

石油及渣油中微量钒的测定——5-Br-PADAP分光光度法

本文拟定钒和5-Br-PADAP——H_2O_2在1.5M磷酸介质中显色,比在硫酸或醋酸盐介质中显色的酸度大,因而选择性也明显增加。该络合物于波长590nm有最大吸收,摩尔吸光系数为4.2×10~4,络合物可稳定16小时。25ml体积中含钒0～10μg符合比尔定律。本法是将试样加热处理、酸溶、调整酸度后,直接显色测定。对四种不同钒含量的油样与不同的方法测定结果进行对照,精密度和准确度较好,最大相对偏差均在10％以下。加入回收试验,其回收率为95～103％。如取样1～5g试样时,最低下限可测至0.5～0.1ppm。本法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于石油及其渣油中微量钒的测定。     

流动注射浊度法测定水中SO_4~(2-)

本文介绍一种流动注射浊度测定SO_4~(2-)的方法。测定范围为10ppm～180ppm;检出限为2ppm;SO_4~(2-)含量为120ppm时的相对误差小于1.0％;进样频率为90 h~(-1)。对天然水样分析,得到的结果与标准方法一致。     

诱导动力学光度法测定痕量硒—Se(Ⅳ)—Cr(Ⅵ)—Ⅰ~-—淀粉体系

以I_3~-—淀粉络合物为指示剂研究了Se(Ⅳ)对Cr(Ⅵ)—I~-氧化还原反应体系的诱导作用,并据此提出了一种测定痕量硒的动力学新方法;本法测定硒的线性范围为0～2.1μg/ml.方法检测限为7ng/ml Se(Ⅳ)。除Te(Ⅳ)、Fe(Ⅱ)和Sb(Ⅲ)外,其余离子具有较大允许共存量,可不经分离直接测定。用本法测定了铜矿标准物及污染土壤中的硒含量,结果满意。样品加标回收宰为95.8～97.9％,相对标准偏差RSD<2.9％。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定原油及渣油中微量镍和钒

本文提出了以 5-Br-PADAP 做显色剂,在乙醇存在下,在pH=3.4的KHC_8H_4O_4-HCl缓冲溶液内,选择波长对:526nm(λ_2)-646nm(λ_1)(测镍)、620nm(λ_2)-674nm(λ_1)(测钒),用双波长分光光度法同时测定原油及渣油中微量镍、钒的新方法。本法灵敏度高、重复性好。镍、钒服从比耳定律的线性范围均在0～22μg/25ml,回收率在90～119％。经对多种油样的多次测定表明:本法的标准偏差<1.8ppm,相对标准偏差<10％。本测定结果与原子吸收光谱法、等离子体直读光谱法等分析方法的测定结果相符合。     

用直接电位法测定不锈钢酸洗液中硝酸和氢氟酸

本法采用了氢醌电极和饱和甘汞电极组成的电池测定HNO_3含量,采用了氢醌电极和氟离子选择电极组成的电池测定HF含量。在加入KCNS后可消除Fe(Ⅲ)的干扰。本法测定HNO_3的变动系数为1.6％～3.0％,测定HF的变动系数为1.4％—2.8％,HNO_3的回收率为92.5％—106％。由本法测定的HNO_3和HF的总和与容量法测得的总酸度相比,平均相对偏差在0.5％～4％之间。     

表面活性剂对水合反应物两相界面张力的影响

为了定量研究阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SLS）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对水合反应物HCFC141b与水两相界面张力的影响,利用圆环法分别测定了8．4～20℃HCFC141b的表面张力及HCFC141b与蒸馏水、2450ppm SLS溶液、2470ppm SDS溶液和576ppm SDBS溶液之间的两相界面张力．实验结果表明：在水中分别添加2450ppm的SLS、2470ppm的SDS和576ppm的SDBS后,HCFC141b／水溶液的界面张力分别降低为HCFC141b／蒸馏水界面张力的37％～62％,15％～19％和9％～12％．相同温度下,576ppm的SDBS对水／HCFC141b两相界面张力的改善效果最好．     

离子选择性电极连续标准加入—半对数纸图解法——测定水和废水中微量氟

本文提出一个采用微量添加技术的题示方法,阐述了方法原理,并应用于自来水,长江水和钢铁厂废水中氟含量的测定,结果满意。本法测定氟的检测下限为0.016mg/L;加标回收率为93.5～100％。还可应用本法绘制试样加标工作曲线,对相同基体的大量样品进行分析,简便、快速、准确。     

金胶光度法测定铜钴镍中微量砷

本文研究了金胶光度法测定铜、钴、镍盐中的微量砷。采用氢氧化镧作载体共沉淀砷,Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)在氨性介质中形成氨配离子被分离除去。砷用锌还原为AsH_3由酸性Au(SCN)_4~-溶液吸收,在保护剂存在下生成红色金溶胶,测量金胶溶液的吸光度便可测定砷。本法测砷,铜、钴、镍试液中含量在0～9μg范围内有良好线性关系.砷的最低检出量在硫酸铜、钴、镍盐中分别为0.36、0.40、0.70ppm。测定饲料微量元素添加物硫酸铜试样,十次测定的标准偏差为0.13,相对标准偏差为2.5％,七次测定的平均回收率大于95％。本法简易、决速、准确、灵敏。文献很少见有用简易光度法测定铜、钴、镍盐中微量砷的报导。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to