太阳能光伏电池输出特性的理论分析

基于Shockley二极管理论的I-V特性曲线方程,对太阳能光伏电池的输出特性及各参数的影响因素进行了理论分析.结果表明:增加太阳辐射,降低电池温度、串联电阻和二极管反向饱和电流值均可提高光伏电池的输出性能,增大开路电压和短路电流有助于提高其输出功率和效率,且开路电压与输出效率、短路电流与最大输出功率之间分别存在关联性;受气候条件的影响,冷季节效率高,热季节输出功率大,且最大输出功率和效率的大小各自取决于太阳辐射和室外气温.     

硅太阳电池解析模型分析与参数修正

通过对硅太阳电池的数学模型的分析,文章给出了一种利用硅太阳电池的开路电压、短路电流以及最大输出功率点处的电压、电流确定模型参数的方法,并提出不同光强下硅太阳电池的模型参数修正方法;对硅太阳电池进行了仿真及实验测量;数据分析结果表明,该方法确定的模型在低倍光强下能够反映硅太阳电池的特性.     

一种改进的硅太阳能电池非线性工程数学模型

针对现有硅太阳能电池工程数学模型精度不高的缺点,基于硅太阳能电池的理论数学模型,提出一种改进的硅太阳能电池非线性工程简化数学模型.忽略一些次要因素的影响,仅仅利用硅太阳能电池生产厂商提供的、标准测试条件下的4个电气参数,即短路电流Isc-ref、开路电压Uoc-ref、最大功率点电流Im-ref和最大功率点电压Um-ref.更重要的是,该模型首次考虑在任意光强和温度下的串联电阻参数的影响,以提高精度.进行了太阳能电池输出电气特性试验,并与基于简化模型的仿真对比.结果表明,该模型的误差一般都在6%以内,满足工程应用的精度要求.     

全固态染料敏化纳米二氧化钛/铜酞菁复合太阳能电池

利用铜酞菁空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化纳米TiO2太阳能电池.研究了铜酞菁厚度对电池性能的影响,结构优化后,得到的性能参数,开路电压约为618 mV,短路电流约为0.24 mA/cm2(氙灯照射,光强约为80 mW/cm2),注入因子为54.5%,总光电转换效率为0.1%.对铜酞菁层进行碘掺杂后,电池的短路电流得到了提高,而开路电压有所下降.电池暗反应研究表明,电流的升高是由于碘掺杂导致载流子浓度增大,载流子输运能力增强,电压的下降则是由于碘的掺入削弱了电池的整流特性.     

热电模块最大输出功率的估值方法

一定温差下,热电模块(TEM)的最大输出功率可以通过开路电压和短路电流进行估算.但开路和短路之间存在开路到短路及短路到开路两种切换模式,必有两组开路电压和短路电流.相同温差下,两种切换模式估算出的TEM最大输出功率存在差异,且差值随TEM冷热端温差变化.文中对此现象进行了理论分析,指出造成此差值的主要原因在于两种切换模式下的电流不同,从而导致TEM产生的电动势不同,并提出了减小该差值的计算方法.经实验验证,该计算方法提高了TEM最大输出功率的估值准确度.     

太阳能电池板串并联特性的实验研究

为了更好地利用太阳能,把相同型号光照强度接近的不同个数的太阳能电池板串联、并联、混联,用实验方法研究其特性.结果表明,不论是太阳能电池板串联、并联,还是混联接法,最大输出功率比单个太阳能电池板最大输出功率大,填充因子明显增大;随着串联电池板个数的增加,与单个电池板相比较,短路电流基本不变,电源的恒流效果更好,最佳负载电阻增大,电源的开路电压增大,对于较大的负载,输出功率增大,但是对于较小的负载,输出功率基本不变;随着并联电池板个数的增加,与单个电池板相比较,电源的短路电流增大,开路电压基本不变,最佳负载电阻减小,负载较大时,输出功率基本不变,但是对于较小负载的输出功率增大;电池板混联连接时,与单个电池板相比较,开路电压和短路电流都增大,对负载的输出功率增大.     

日照强度和内部电阻对太阳能电池光伏性能的影响

在分析太阳能电池等效直流电路的基础上,利用电流-电压特性的函数关系式,建立了太阳能电池的仿真模型,研究了日照强度和内部电阻对电池伏安特性和光伏性能（如短路电流、开路电压、填充因子、输出功率和光电转换效率）的影响.研究结果表明：日照强度和内部串联电阻不仅明显影响了太阳能电池的伏安特性、短路电流和开路电压,而且也明显影响了太阳能电池的输出功率、填充因子和光电转换效率,同时太阳能电池的输出特性具有明显的非线性特征,并且存在一个最大的输出功率点和一个最佳的负载电阻值.     

n-Mg_2Si/p-Si异质结太阳电池的模拟及分析

运用AMPS-1D软件对n-Mg_2Si/p-Si异质结太阳电池进行模拟,依次讨论了Mg_2Si层厚度、掺杂浓度和温度对电池性能的影响。结果表明:随着Mg_2Si层厚度的增加,短路电流和转换效率均有较大提高;开路电压也略有升高。随着温度升高,短路电流逐渐升高,转换效率、开路电压及填充因子均不断降低。室温下,Mg_2Si层轻掺杂时的掺杂浓度在5×10~(19)cm~(-3)处,转换效率达到最大值5.518%。而同样条件下Mg_2Si层重掺杂时的转换效率更高,当掺杂浓度达到10~(21)cm~(-3)后,转换效率最大值为11.508%,填充因子最大值为0.868。     

全固态染料敏化纳米二氧化钛／铜酞菁复合太阳能电池

利用铜酞菁空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化纳米TiO2太阳能电池。研究了铜酞菁厚度对电池性能的影响，结构优化后，得到的性能参数，开路电压约为618mV，短路电流约为0．24mA／cm^2(氙灯照射，光强约为80mW／cm^2)，注入因子为54．5％，总光电转换效率为0．1％。对铜酞菁层进行碘掺杂后，电池的短路电流得到了提高，而开路电压有所下降。电池暗反应研究表明，电流的升高是由于碘掺杂导致载流子浓度增大，载流子输运能力增强，电压的下降则是由于碘的掺人削弱了电池的整流特性。     

双V型槽式低倍聚光光伏系统实验研究

为了减少单位产能所需的电池面积和降低光伏系统发电成本,采用低倍聚光器将太阳光汇聚在光伏电池上,对太阳电池进行低倍聚光.设计双V型槽式低倍聚光光伏系统,利用太阳跟踪系统和数据采集系统研究了在不同聚光条件下,常规单晶硅太阳电池组件的短路电流、开路电压、最大功率等电池特性参数,利用在电池组件下加装散热器来解决聚光后组件温度升高的问题.实验结果表明,采用双V型低倍聚光后,电池功率提高了27%,短路电流提高了25%,开路电压和填充因子变化不大,电池表面温度升高到44.8℃.利用双V型槽式低倍聚光光伏系统,增大了电池组件发电功率,为使用简单可靠的聚光器降低光伏系统发电成本提供了有效方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.