一种输入轨至轨运算放大器的设计与仿真

介绍了一种输入轨至轨CMOS运算放大器,该放大器采用了共源共栅结构做增益级,在输入级跨导使用了电流补偿,以使其几乎恒定.在3 V电源电压下的静态功耗只有180μW,带5 p的负载电容时,直流开环增益,单位增益带宽分别达到75 dB,1.5 MHz.     

0.18μm CMOS工艺下全摆幅恒跨导放大器设计

基于标准0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计一款输入恒跨导、输出全摆幅的运算放大器.利用最小电流选择电路实现输入的恒定跨导,并采用前置Class AB的结构提高输出驱动能力,实现最大的输出摆幅;同时引入内嵌式的米勒补偿电路来保证放大器工作的稳定性.设计结果表明:在典型工艺角下,0.0~1.8V的共模输入范围内,跨导的变化仅为1.6%,输出摆幅范围为0.005~1.800V,开环增益107.9dB,相位裕度为61.2°,功耗为658.8μW.     

前馈型轨到轨恒跨导恒增益CMOS运算放大器

设计了一种恒跨导恒增益的轨到轨运算放大器.输入级采用一倍电流镜控制的互补差分对结构,实现轨到轨和恒跨导.通过分析运算放大器电压增益随共模电压变化的原因,提出了一种前馈型恒增益控制模块,可以根据共模电压开启或关闭附加电流源,使运算放大器电压增益保持恒定.输出级采用前馈型AB类输出结构,以达到轨到轨输出效果.采用Chartered公司0.35μm工艺进行流片,仿真及测试结果表明:该运算放大器的直流开环增益为125dB,单位增益带宽为8.879MHz,在整个共模范围内电压增益最大变化率为1.69%.     

高增益、恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器设计

设计和研究了一种高增益恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器,输入级采用工作在亚阈值区的互补差分形式输入结构。与以往输入结构相比,不仅使输入共模电压达到Rail-Rail,而且降低了工作电压,提高了电源利用率。利用电流开关的作用使输入跨导在输入共模范围内恒定。中间级为MOS差分结构,并且同向驱动输出级使其具有推挽特性。采用嵌套米勒频率补偿使运算放大器稳定。整个电路采用华虹0.35μmCMOS工艺参数进行设计,工作电压为3.0 V。利用OrCAD HSPICE仿真结果显示,在10 kΩ电阻和5 pF电容的负载下,运算放大的直流开环增益为110 dB,相位裕度为70°,单位增益带宽为45 MHz。     

一种低功耗恒跨导CMOS运算放大器的设计

文章分析了传统的轨到轨运算放大器输入级电路,设计了一种低功耗、恒跨导CMOS运算放大器。整个电路基于0.5μm标准N阱CMOS工艺进行设计,采用HSPICE工具仿真,在3 V单电源工作电压情况下,功耗约为0.15 mW,当电路驱动3 pF电容的负载时,电路的直流增益达到78 dB,单位增益带宽达到3 MHz,相位裕度为81°,达到了设计的低功耗、恒跨导的要求。     

一种基于电平位移电路的低电压全摆幅CMOS运放

为解决阈值电压对电源电压和输入信号的受限问题,提出一种实用的电平位移电路,为运放的输入级提供良好的电平位移。采用互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)0.5μm工艺设计的低电压全摆幅CMOS运算放大器,中间级采用适合低电压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构,输出级采用传统的Class A类得到轨至轨的输出。采用Hspice软件对所设计的电路进行仿真。研究结果表明:当电源电压降至或者小于NMOS与PMOS的阈值电压之和时,在任何共模输入电压下,该运放都能正常工作,实现输入级的全摆幅和恒跨导;在1.3 V单电源供电情形下直流开环增益达106.5 dB,单位增益带宽为2.3 MHz,功耗178.8μW。电路结构简单紧凑,具有实用的电平位移功能,适合于低电压应用。     

一种轨对轨两级CMOS运算放大器的设计

目的 设计一个具有轨对轨输入和输出摆幅的两级CMOS运算放大器.方法 输入级采用两对单一类型的n沟道差分对管作为输入管,用两个相同的n沟道源跟随器来完成输入电平的直流电平转移,实现了轨对轨的输入摆幅;输出级采用前馈甲乙类控制的轨对轨输出级,保证了轨对轨的输出摆幅和较强的驱动能力.结果 用标准的0.6μm CMOS BSIM3v3模型库对该放大器进行了仿真,开环电压增益、单位增益带宽和相位裕度分别达到了113.57dB,11.9MHz和53°,输入级跨导的变化在±5%内.结论 所设计运算放大器其输入和输出摆幅为轨对轨,满足设计所提要求.     

低电压全摆幅恒跨导CMOS运算放大器的设计

给出了一种常用两级低电压CMOS运算放大器的输入级、中间增益级及输出级的原理电路图,并阐述其主要工作特性.输入级采用了NMOS管和PMOS管并联的互补差分输入对结构,使输入共模电压范围达到全摆幅（rail-to-rail）,并采用了成比例的电流镜技术以实现输入级跨导的恒定;中间增益级采用了适合低电压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构的电流镜负载,提高了输出电阻,进而提高了增益,同时更好的实现了全摆幅特性;输出级采用了高效率的推挽共源极功率放大器,使输出电压摆幅基本上可以达到全摆幅;为了保证运放的稳定性与精确性,其基准电流源采用一个带电流镜负载的差分放大器;为防止运放产生振荡,采用了带调零电阻的密勒补偿技术对运放进行频率补偿.     

一种新型电流镜运算跨导放大器的设计

针对传统低压微功耗电流镜运算跨导放大器存在低增益和小摆率的缺陷,设计了一款新型电流镜运算跨导放大器。在不影响电路的静态功耗和稳定性的基础上,该运算跨导放大器采用增益提高(gain-boosting, GB)结构,增大了电路的小信号增益;引入开关型摆率增强(switched slew-rate enhancement, SSRE)结构,提高了电路的大信号摆率。基于UMC 0.11μm标准CMOS工艺进行电路设计和仿真。仿真结果表明：在1.2 V电源电压和10 pF负载电容下,与传统电流镜运算跨导放大器相比,设计的新型电流镜运算跨导放大器的增益提高了47 dB,正摆率提高了11.2倍,负摆率提高了12.4倍。     

新型低压微功耗伪差分跨导放大器设计

本文针对全差分跨导放大器电源电压偏高、功耗较大,以及常规伪差分跨导放大器增益和共模抑制比不高的问题,采用带反相器和共模前馈的伪差分输入级、自偏置电流镜结构的输出级,以及正体偏置技术和TSMC 40nm CMOS工艺,设计一个新型低压微功耗高增益高共模抑制比的伪差分跨导放大器。Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明,在0.5V的电源电压下,该跨导放大器的开环增益为51.8dB,单位增益带宽为18.6 MHz,相位裕度为70°,共模抑制比达到135dB,电源抑制比达到107dB,而功耗仅为3μW,具有较好的综合性能,可作为大多数要求较高的前端微弱信号放大器。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.