利用电石渣制备纳米碳酸钙的研究

以电石渣为原料 ,制备纳米碳酸钙 .研究制备过程中原料浓度、气体浓度、气体流速、反应温度、搅拌速度、添加剂用量等对产品粒径及晶型的影响 .采用 TEM、XRD等手段对颗粒形态与结构进行表征 ,纳米碳酸钙平均颗粒粒径约 5 0 nm,晶粒平均尺寸约 30 nm,为方解石型 .     

疏水性纳米碳酸钙的原位合成

在甲醇溶液中通过自制表面活性剂的控制, 成功制备出疏水性纳米碳酸钙. 采用扫描电镜、 透射电镜、 X射线衍射、 红外光谱、 热重分析和接触角测试对产品进行测定. 结果表明, 表面活性剂在反应过程中不但控制晶体的成核生长, 同时还能对碳酸钙表面 进行修饰. 通过控制反应条件, 得到了粒径为40 nm的椭球型纳米碳酸钙粉体, 产品晶型为文石和方解石型, 表面活性剂与碳酸钙形成化学键合,制备的粉体产品为疏水性, 成功地对碳酸钙进行了原位表面修饰.     

纳米碳酸钙的粒度对热分解活化能的影响

利用热分析仪测定了不同粒径纳米碳酸钙的热分解曲线,分别采用Achar方程和Coats-Redfern方程对热重数据进行了拟合,得到了不同粒径纳米碳酸钙的表观活化能,讨论了粒度对表观活化能的影响规律.研究结果表明,纳米碳酸钙热分解反应属于Avrami-Erofeev的成核与生长为控制步骤的反应机理,其热分解反应的表观活化能随着粒径的减小而降低,并且表观活化能与粒径的倒数呈线性关系.     

氯化铵处理电石渣制备纳米碳酸钙的实验研究

采用氯化铵对电石渣进行除杂、碳化制备了纳米碳酸钙。优化实验结果表明:干燥温度105℃、pH=8、反应时间1h、氯化铵溶液浓度8%、氯化铵过量程度30%的条件下电石渣收率达92%以上。XRD分析表明产品为方解石,平均晶粒尺寸为38 nm,SEM表明平均颗粒径为80 nm。     

碳酸钙超细粒子的制备

本文用不同的方法合成了由微米级到纳米级粒径不等的方解石型和文石型碳酸钙超细粒子，并对其各种的物理性质和结构进行了测定和表征。结果表明：随着粒径的减少，方解石微晶的完整性逐渐趋于破坏，结晶程度逐渐降低，而文石的软团聚性却逐渐趋于增强；并且粒径越小，碳酸钙超细粒子分解温度越低，活性越强。另外，本文还对方解石型和文石型碳酸钙超细粒子的形成机理和粒径控制进行了探讨，着重研究了温度、干燥方法和搅拌速率对超细粒子粒径的影响。并从结晶热力学的角度，分析了通常情况下制备文石型碳酸钙超细粒子的可行性。     

SN5040对纳米碳酸钙粒子分散作用的实验研究

为研究纳米碳酸钙注浆技术,必须解决纳米材料在水性介质中的分散问题。本文分别从粒度分布、微观形貌、粘度指标研究了SN5040分散剂对粒径15-40nm的碳酸钙粉体在水溶液中的分散行为。重点研究了SN5040分散剂用量、超声作用时间对分散性影响及此分散剂作用下纳米浆液的流变特性。研究表明,通过合理控制影响纳米碳酸钙分散效果的因素,能够使得纳米材料在水中得到较好的分散;SN5040对纳米碳酸钙具有良好的分散性能,分散后的颗粒粒径90%以上处于255nm以下。     

纳米碳酸钙制备过程中添加剂对产物的影响

纳米碳酸钙作为一种增韧，增强材料，广泛用于橡胶，塑料中，可降低制品成本。采用鼓泡碳化法，在最佳反应温度，反应物浓度，气体流量的条件下，考察了不同添国剂对产物形状及粒径大小的影响，得到了粒径小于100nm且分散性能良好的球状，针状，短链状及六角板状纳米碳酸钙。XRD结果表明，干燥后得到的产物为方解石晶型。     

间歇鼓泡碳化法制备立方形纳米碳酸钙工艺条件优化

【目的】探讨制备晶型均一且粒度分布窄的立方形纳米碳酸钙的最优工艺条件。【方法】采用改进的间歇鼓泡碳化法优化制备立方形纳米碳酸钙工艺,研究碳化温度、Ca(OH)2浓度、CO2流率、晶型控制剂(NaPO3)6用量及加入时间、搅拌速率等因素对碳化反应时间及纳米碳酸钙粒径的影响,并对所制备的纳米碳酸钙进行粒度分布、FESEM和XRD表征。【结果】合成立方形纳米碳酸钙的最优工艺条件:在碳化温度10℃,Ca(OH)2初始浓度为3.8%(W/W),CO2流率为300mL·min-1,搅拌速率800r·min-1,碳化反应开始后5min加入2%(NaPO3)6(占CaCO3理论产量的质量百分数)时,制备出粒径约为40nm且粒度分布均匀的立方形纳米碳酸钙。XRD结果表明,所制备的纳米CaCO3为方解石六方晶系。【结论】本方法操作简单且无需二次碳化,产品重复性好。     

气液法制备闪锌矿纳米硫化锌粒子

文中采用硫酸锌和硫化氢气体为原料，制备纳米硫化锌。探讨了反应物浓度、反应温度、pH值等工艺参数对产品平均晶粒大小和产品收率的影响规律，确定最佳反应条件，制备出了分散性好、平均粒径为7nm的闪锌矿纳米硫化锌粒子。并采用XRD、TEM等手段对产品的晶相、大小、形貌进行了表征。     

针状纳米活性碳酸钙合成改性一体化的研究

以电石渣为原料制备纳米活性碳酸钙,不仅能够将电石渣进行循环利用,减少环境污染,同时生成的针状纳米活性碳酸钙,市场需求量大,经济价值高。本研究以电石渣和氯化铵为初始原料首先制备得到CaCl2,然后采用复分解法与（NH4）2CO3反应,选用合适的改性剂,将针状纳米活性碳酸钙合成和改性一体化完成进行。实验综合考察了溶液浓度、改性剂用量、反应温度、滴加速度等反应条件对碳酸钙形貌和粒径的影响,并设计正交实验进行优化,得出最佳反应条件：CaCl2和（NH4）2CO2溶液浓度0．15mol／L,反应温度65℃,改性剂用量1．25％,滴加速度3mL／min。通过验证实验,最终制得平均粒径55nm,长径比15．35,活化度98．86％,吸油值43．75g／100g的针状纳米活性碳酸钙。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.