有限元混合法求解几种特殊弹性接触问题时的处理方法

用弹性接触有限元混合法求解弹性接触问题时，对有些特殊的接触情况会导致有限元方程组病态，从而使接触求解失败。对此作了分析讨论，找出了接触求解失败的原因，并提出了相应的处理方法。该法根据接触情况，适当修正相应的病态矩阵，从而使特殊的接触问题有解。     

法兰与金属垫片密封表面接触分形模型

考虑法兰与金属垫片接触属于静接触，接触界面摩擦作用对其不产生影响，在修正的M-B接触模型基础上，建立法兰与金属垫片密封表面接触模型，得到了无量纲真实接触面积与压紧应力的关系．研究表明，真实接触面积随着垫片上压紧应力的增加而呈线性增加；在相同接触应力下，真实接触面积随分形维数D的增大而增大，随尺度系数C的增大而减小，即表面越光滑真实接触面积越大．这为金属垫片密封性能的研究提供了依据．     

基于力信息的机器人接触状态下作业的技能学习

为实现机器人接触状态下作业的演示编程，使机器人获得人的基于力信息的作业技能，首先提出了描述接触状态的元素接触形式，用元素接触形式序列建立技能模型，根据不同的接触形式具有的不同腕力分布，利用支持向量机(SVM)对不同的元素接触形式进行辨识，在此基础上机器人获得人在接触状态下的作业技能，实现了演示编程方法中最关键的一步。     

利用接触单元的内燃机动特性的研究

概述了接触问题，对活塞—连杆—曲轴系接触问题使用接触单元进行了适当的处理，并用ANSYS对活塞—连杆—曲轴系接触模态进行了分析，得出了一些有意义的结论．     

机车车辆轮轨接触问题的数值模拟

按照机车、车辆车轮与标准轨道的实际几何关系建立了三维有限元模型，并采用有限元参数二次规划法求解轮轨弹塑性接触问题．通过弹塑性接触计算，得到了大量的轮轨接触力、接触状态和轮轨应力的数据，根据计算结果分析比较了机车轮轨接触和车辆轮轨接触的区别，对轮缘贴靠钢轨形成两点接触时的接触情况进行了初步分析.     

大变位下多体系统摩擦接触问题线性规划求解方法

建立了多体系统中摩擦接触问题的整体控制方程，在大变位情况下将其分解成两个线性互补问题，一般通过两次线性规划求解可完成一次接触问题的求解，大大地减少了接触问题求解的迭代次数和计算量，并且可直接得到系统中接触界面上的接触应力，从而克服了对于多体系统求解接触问题需要多次迭代和难于直接得到接触应力的缺陷．数值算例表明了该方法的合理性和有效性，为大变位下多体系统中接触问题的求解提供了有效的手段．     

群桩沉降验算中接触单元模型应用的若干问题

分析了群桩沉降验算中接触单元具体应用的一些问题，包括单元剖分中接触单元的选取与设置范围，对刚性桩和柔性桩接触单元的应用作了分析比较，并建议了接触单元的弹塑性模型．     

接管弯矩作用下补强圈与容器壳体间的接触特性

采用非线性有限元模拟了壳体和补强圈的接触行为，通过对接触行为的控制来改善收敛；考察了接触变形和接触压力，指出接触的发生具有局部性；提出一种“试算法”来确定刚度因子，同时对补强圈与容器间的间隙变化对接触的影响也做了探讨。     

弹性流体动力润滑状态下线接触滚动副表面层的应力及接触疲劳寿命

线接触滚动副早期失效主要是由于接触表面的润滑不良．使得表面粗糙度波峰相 互接触而产生磨损及表面破坏．但在润滑良好的情况下，由于接触表面压力分布的变化．在某些 工况参数下．接触副的疲劳寿命出现降低现象．本文通过数值方法，对ｎ种典型工况参数下接触 副表面层的应力分布进行计算，分析了接触副的疲劳寿命，提出了弹性流体动力润滑应用中合理 选择工况参数的必要性．     

考虑微凸体侧接触的结合面法向接触刚度建模

提出了一种考虑微凸体侧接触影响的结合面法向刚度建模方法。通过采样获取接触表面轮廓数据后，用统计方法研究了接触表面上微凸体之间的水平距离分布，发现微凸体之间的水平距离分布近似呈正态分布。基于微凸体侧接触理论和微凸体连续变形理论，建立微凸体的法向接触刚度模型后，根据微凸体水平距离的分布规律，利用统计理论，构建了结合面法向接触刚度模型。分析结果表明：在两个接触表面平均间距相同时，提出模型的法向接触载荷大于KE模型，小于高志强(GZQ)模型；在间距较小时，提出模型接触刚度小于KE(Kogut L和Etsion I)模型接触刚度，在间距较大时，提出模型接触刚度大于KE模型接触刚度，并且提出模型的法向接触刚度总是小于GZQ模型接触刚度；基于提出模型的有限元分析获得的前三阶模态与试验结果一致，固有频率与试验结果最大相差8.2%,说明提出的模型能够比较准确地预测结合面的法向动态特性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.