基于并联机构的踝关节康复机器人研究

针对踝关节的康复运动问题,提出一种3-RRS/SS踝关节康复并联机构,进行该并联机构的运动学建模及虚拟样机仿真分析,分析结果表明,并联机构能实现三个方向的旋转运动.研制踝关节康复并联机构样机,实施样机控制,控制的结果表明,并联机构的运动范围能满足人体踝关节康复运动需求.     

并联踝康复机器人的系统搭建与运动控制策略

针对踝功能障碍患者,研制2-UPS/RRR并联踝康复机器人,协助患者进行踝关节背伸/趾屈、内翻/外翻及内收/外展运动康复训练。踝康复机器人系统包含机器人机械本体、驱动电机、编码器和力/矩传感器、上位机和下位机的软硬件等,具有踝关节力/位置信息检测与主/被动康复训练功能。通过建立踝康复机器人的运动学模型,计算电机驱动速度与机器人动平台角速度的映射关系,并根据患者踝关节肌力等级与训练需要,规划康复训练的运动轨迹,进行踝关节被动康复训练。基于力/矩传感器的信息检测,对患者踝关节进行运动意图识别,实现由运动意图驱动的机器人控制即主动康复训练。最后,针对踝关节的3种典型运动方式,遴选健康的受试者分别进行主/被动康复训练实验。研究结果表明:研制的并联踝康复机器人具有完善的康复训练策略和良好的运动稳定性。     

基于人体姿态信息的下肢康复机器人运动控制技术

针对下肢运动功能障碍患者术后康复训练辅助设备的跟随控制问题,本研究提出一种基于人体姿态信息的下肢康复机器人运动控制方法。根据康复机器人的结构特性和功能要求,建立机器人运动数据信息采集系统和下肢康复机器人的运动学模型;构建机器人平台上的人体姿态行为信息采集传感器系统,通过分析位移传感器所采集的数据,得到表征人体姿态行为变化的相关信息,经上位机计算生成康复机器人的期望跟随速度;同时,基于模糊PID控制算法设计了跟随控制器。通过仿真和实验验证该控制算法能够有效减小机器人实时跟踪使用者运动过程中的误差,实现康复机器人对人体运动姿态良好的跟随效果。     

踝关节康复机构的研究

人体踝关节有三个自由度,踝关节扭伤后,须进行适当的康复训练.但目前已有的踝关节康复机器人大多只训练一个自由度,缺少多自由度的踝关节康复运动机构,针对这一问题,提出了一种锻炼伸屈、内外翻两个自由度的卧式踝关节康复机构方案,并完成其本体结构设计.     

上肢康复机器人机构设计与分析

针对上肢功能障碍患者的自主康复训练问题,在对现有康复机器人研究方案的深度剖析的基础上,为简化机构降低成本,提出了一种基于气缸驱动的2自由度上肢康复机器人.首先在SolidWorks建立上肢康复机器人的整体模型,通过D-H分析法建立坐标系,求得系统正运动的参数方程,利用Matlab对该机器人末端机构的位置进行分析,其次运用雅克比矩阵求解末端执行器的速度,结合ADAMS对建立的上肢康复机器人模型进行运动学仿真分析,最后在ANAYS中对大臂支撑件和小臂支撑件进行静力学分析.研究结果表明,该上肢康复机器人机构在简化结构后,仍然能保证康复训练的可行性,为上肢机器人的推广使用提供了理论参考.     

双臂空间机器人系统动力学与关节运动的非线性反馈控制

利用拉格朗日方程建立了漂浮基双臂空间机器人系统的动力学方程,给出了载体位置、姿态均不受控制情况下,双臂空间机器人关节运动的非线性反馈控制规律.结果表明,在系统动力学模型及参数较精确确定情况下,本文提出的控制方案能够有效地控制双臂空间机器人系统完成关节空间的指定运动,而不需对其载体的位置、姿态进行主动控制.仿真计算结果证实了方法的有效性.     

运动副布置对3-SPR并联机构工作空间的影响分析

通过改变3-SPR并联机构的运动副布置,得到了10种典型的3-SPR并联机构,分析了它们的位置特性.采用CAD尺寸驱动技术求解了机构的工作空间,定义了描述工作空间及动平台姿态变化的参数,对10种机构的工作空间及姿态变化范围进行了比较,分析了运动副布置对于3-SPR并联机构工作空间及姿态变化的影响.     

2自由度腕关节康复机器人的代理滑模控制方法

针对传统机器人控制方法未考虑运动过程安全性能的问题,采用了一种基于代理的滑模控制方法对气动肌肉驱动的穿戴式2自由度腕关节康复机器人进行位置控制.该方法结合滑模控制与PID控制的优点,既保证了位置控制的跟踪精度,又确保了运动过程的安全性.对康复机器人的轨迹跟踪实验表明:该方法可以取得很好的跟踪效果,并且对扰动的屈从性和系统的安全性有明显的提高.     

空间机器人抓捕非合作目标的自主强化学习控制

近年来,空间机器人在轨服务已成为许多国家的研究热点.本文针对空间机器人抓捕非合作目标任务,提出了一种强化学习控制与PD控制组成的双回路控制方法,对空间机器人基座平台姿态与机械臂运动进行控制.首先,对空间机器人的空间任务进行分析,建立包含基座平台姿态与机械臂运动的空间机器人耦合动力学模型;然后,设计双回路控制系统分别对机械臂运动与基座平台姿态进行控制,内回路中将强化学习与模糊理论结合在一起设计控制器对机械臂末端运动进行控制,外回路中采用PD控制对基座平台姿态进行稳定控制;最后,使用所提控制方法进行数值仿真,并与传统PD控制方法作对比,验证所提控制方法的有效性.结果表明,强化学习控制下的机械臂运动过程平稳、控制精度高,与传统PD控制方法相比,具有一定的自主学习性,更加适应抓捕目标的非合作特性.     

自由漂浮双臂空间机器人关节空间轨迹跟踪的变结构滑模控制

利用多刚体系统动力学的方法对载体位置、姿态均不受控制的浮动基双臂空间机器人系统的运动学、动力学作了分析,并结合系统的动量守恒及动量矩守恒关系建立了系统的动力学方程.以此为基础,对双臂空间机器人关节追踪关节空间期望轨迹的控制问题作了研究.考虑到双臂空间机器人系统的结构复杂性及某些参数的变动性,根据具有较强鲁棒性的变结构滑模控制理论,设计了轨迹跟踪控制的变结构滑模控制方案.此控制方案的优点在于:在操作过程中不需要对双臂空间机器人载体的位置、姿态进行主动控制,因此将大大减少位置、姿态控制装置的燃料消耗.通过对该机器人系统的仿真计算,证实了文中提出的变结构滑模控制方案的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.