微生物腐败物对U(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

为了解微生物腐败物对U(Ⅵ)的作用,通过扩大培养微生物,令其自然死亡腐败,制备了微生物腐败物.通过静态实验,对不同pH、反应时间、温度和铀初始质量浓度对微生物腐败物吸附铀的影响进行了研究,并进行了动力学和热力学分析.结果表明,pH、反应温度和铀初始质量浓度均是影响吸附的重要因素,吸附量随着铀初始质量浓度的增加而增加,反...     

腐殖酸钛盐对铀(VI)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

为了了解腐殖酸钛盐对铀在土壤中迁移的影响,本研究通过一系列静态吸附实验,开展了在不同pH、接触时间、温度和初始铀质量浓度等条件下,腐殖酸钛盐对铀(VI)的吸附研究,并进行了动力学和热力学分析。实验结果表明溶液pH值和初始铀质量浓度是影响腐殖酸钛盐吸附铀(VI)的重要因素,吸附量随着初始铀质量浓度的增加而增大,且在pH=6时吸附效果最佳,吸附量为34.75 mg/g,吸附平衡时间约为90 min。腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,即吸附主要是化学吸附。吸附热力学研究发现腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附符合Freundlich模型,表明吸附是多层吸附;腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程,即温度升高有利于吸附作用。     

腐殖酸钛盐对铀(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

为了了解腐殖酸钛盐对铀在土壤中迁移的影响,本研究通过一系列静态吸附实验,开展了在不同pH、接触时间、温度和初始铀质量浓度等条件下,腐殖酸钛盐对铀(Ⅵ)的吸附研究,并进行了动力学和热力学分析。实验结果表明溶液pH值和初始铀质量浓度是影响腐殖酸钛盐吸附铀(Ⅵ)的重要因素,吸附量随着初始铀质量浓度的增加而增大,且在pH=6时吸附效果最佳,吸附量为34. 75 mg/g,吸附平衡时间约为90 min。腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,即吸附主要是化学吸附。吸附热力学研究发现腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附符合Freundlich模型,表明吸附是多层吸附;腐殖酸钛盐对铀的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程,即温度升高有利于吸附作用。     

针铁矿对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

利用人工合成的针铁矿(α-FeOOH)作为吸附剂,对针铁矿吸附铀废水中U(VI)的影响因素、吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行了研究。探讨在不同pH值、吸附剂投加量和初始铀的质量浓度条件下针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附特性。研究结果表明:当温度为25 ℃、U(VI)浓度为10 mg/L、pH值为6、投加量为0.6 g/L时,针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附率最高可达98.44%;针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,说明针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附主要是化学吸附;Freundlich等温吸附模型能更好地拟合针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附过程,说明针铁矿对U(VI)的吸附属于多层吸附。     

回生淀粉吸附U(VI)的特性及机理分析

以玉米淀粉(CS)为原材料,采用加热后冷藏溶剂交换法制备回生淀粉(MS)。通过静态吸附实验,考察了初始pH,投加量,铀初始浓度及温度等因素对MS吸附U(VI)的影响。试验结果表明,pH=6为最佳pH,在温度25℃条件下,MS对10 mg/L U(VI)溶液去除率可达97.8%。反应过程符合准二级动力学方程与Langmuir热力学方程。FT-IR、SEM和EDS分析结果表明,MS吸附铀前后表面形态发生了改变,MS吸附U(VI)的机理为表面络合吸附,起主要作用的是表面活性羟基。     

纳米赤铁矿吸附剂吸附低浓度U(VI)的行为与机理

采用水热法制备了纳米赤铁矿吸附剂,对不同pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和初始U(VI)浓度下纳米赤铁矿吸附剂吸附低浓度U(VI)的行为进行了研究,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS对纳米赤铁矿吸附剂吸附U(VI)前后的表面形貌进行了表征和分析,揭示了纳米赤铁矿吸附剂吸附低浓度U(VI)的动力学特征和吸附机理。结果表明,当温度为25 ℃、pH为7、吸附剂用量为0.4 g/L、U(VI)的初始质量浓度为5 mg/L时,在120 min时吸附即达到了平衡;此时,吸附率最高,达到了92.62%;纳米赤铁矿吸附剂吸附低浓度U(VI)的过程是一个快速平衡的过程,其动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,说明纳米赤铁矿吸附低浓度U(VI)的方式主要为化学吸附,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附模型,表明纳米赤铁矿吸附低浓度U(VI)为多层吸附。     

KMnO4和KOH改性椰壳生物炭的制备及其去除废水中铀的机理研究

用KMnO₄和KOH对椰壳生物炭进行改性,制备成改性椰壳生物炭。采用傅立叶红外光谱对其进行了表征,探究了吸附剂投加量、温度、溶液pH和U(VI)初始质量浓度对U(VI)吸附性能的影响,分析了其吸附铀的机制。结果表明:在T=298 K、c₀=10~80 mg/L,pH=5的条件下,改性椰壳生物炭对U(VI)的吸附能力达到4.82 mg/g;改性椰壳生物炭的—OH可与U(VI)发生络合反应;改性椰壳生物炭对U(VI)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型、粒子内扩散模型以及Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

植酸改性黑曲霉菌对水中U(VI)的吸附试验研究

摘 要：以黑曲霉和植酸为原料,制备了富含磷酸基团的黑曲霉改性材料。试验探讨了U(VI)的初始浓度,pH值、植酸与黑曲霉用量比、投加量等因素对植酸改性黑曲霉吸附U(VI)的影响,试验结果表明：在pH=5,投加量为0.3 g/L,U(VI)初始浓度为5 mg/L,30℃的条件下,植酸改性黑曲霉菌对U(VI)的吸附量达到16.19 mg/g,吸附时间90 min后趋于平衡。研究植酸改性黑曲霉对U(VI)的吸附行为规律,结果表明吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温模型,以单层吸附为主;动力学模型符合准二级动力学,吸附过程主要是化学吸附。扫描电镜（SEM-EDS）和红外光谱（FTIR）等手段分析植酸改性黑曲霉吸附U(VI)的机理,结果表明植酸成功引入黑曲霉表面,主要反应官能团为—OH、—PO_4^(3-)、—CONH。     

改性稻壳对废水中铀的吸附性能

以改性稻壳作为吸附剂吸附水中的铀,考察稻壳质量浓度、pH值、铀初始质量浓度、吸附时间和温度等因素对铀去除效果的影响,从热力学角度分析吸附过程。结果表明:改性稻壳对铀有较好的吸附效果,在温度为30℃、pH=5.0、吸附100 min时吸附效果最好,去除率为98%;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明稻壳对铀的吸附是以单分子层化学吸附为主。     

大肠杆菌JM109对废水中铀(Ⅵ)的吸附实验研究

利用大肠杆菌JM109去除含铀废水,研究了在pH值、温度、吸附时间、铀离子的初始浓度、菌体浓度等,耐辐射奇球菌对铀的吸附效果.吸附试验结果表明耐辐射奇球菌有较高的吸附铀的能力,其中对低浓度的含铀废水处理潜力较大.当pH值为4.5时吸附效果最好,投加菌体浓度最佳为0.1 g/L,大约50 min左右达到吸附平衡,吸附量最高达到693.8 mg/g.吸附热力学研究其更符合Freundlich等温模型,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.