络合型浮选剂的合成及应用

针对渤海油田流程处理现状,开发合成了一种络合型的浮选剂。综合考察了物料质量份数、引发剂质量份数、反应温度对产品性能的影响。结果表明最佳的实验条件是:单体质量份数7%(DM、阳离子单体W的质量为4∶3),络合剂P质量份数5%,引发剂的质量份数0.3%,乙二醇的质量份数8.5%,氯化钠质量份数1.5%,介质S的质量份数为3%,其余为去离子水,反应温度30℃,其中质量份数指占反应物总质量分数。同时,在渤南34-1油田现场应用,加药点选择在气浮悬除油器入口,结果表明:当络合型浮选剂加药浓度为30 mg/L时,清水除油效果显著。气浮悬除油器出口污水含油量由最高的75.5 mg/L降为加药后的1.5 mg/L,其平均除油率为84.4%,最大除油率为98%。     

含甲醇污水处理工艺运行问题分析及优化

针对延长油田勘探公司采气一厂甲醇污水处理站运行中精馏塔塔板结垢严重、处理后水水质不达标等问题,开展了污水水质分析、药剂评价和预处理工艺操作参数优化实验研究。结果表明:调节污水罐水pH为8.0,然后投加1 200 mg/L的氧化剂进行除铁反应,二者加药间隔时间大于60 s,氧化反应30 min;反应后水先后加入250 mg/L的混凝剂、2.5 mg/L的絮凝剂进行混凝沉降反应,二者加药间隔时间为30～60 s,混凝反应30 min,沉降30 min;过滤后水加入70 mg/L的阻垢剂,精馏塔能正常运行,塔板无明显结垢现象;处理后水水质稳定,可满足平均空气渗透率≤0.01μm~2地层的回注要求。     

复合除硫+絮凝净化处理高含硫气田碱性采出水

针对超高含硫气田碱性采出水的特性和处理应达到的要求,对水质改性、氮气气浮、H2O2预氧化、沉淀复合除硫加絮凝净化处理工艺技术进行了研究。结果表明:当盐酸投加量为2.0~2.5 m L/L,p H控制6.0~6.5,溶气比控制为20∶1,气浮初级除硫可将硫离子质量浓度由2 500 mg/L降至400 mg/L,后续H2O2投加量2.5~3.0 m L/L,最佳反应时间15 min,20%沉淀除硫剂ZS-1投加量为2.0 m L/L,20%絮凝剂L-12、0.1%PAM投加量均为1.0 m L/L时,处理水质可达到回注设计要求。     

非离子/阴离子复配清水剂处理含聚采油污水研究

为高效快速处理聚驱采油污水,采用不同清水剂、按照平台污水处理流程-缓冲罐、斜板除油器、气浮选器及双介质过滤器等处理单元组成的工艺流程,在流程不同位置加入清水剂处理含聚采油污水。结果表明,非离子清水剂RPEO的除油率优于DPEO,阴离子清水剂CH-2的除油率优于CH-1和CH-3;RPEO和CH-2的除油率分别为97.1%和95.0%,RPEO和CH-2最佳的加药位置分别为含聚采油污水处理设备中的加药位置1和加药位置2。优化的"100 mg/L RPEO+50 mg/L CH-2"复配清水剂处理含聚采油污水的除油率达99.9%,二者复配后能提升含聚采油污水的处理效果。在流程处理单元设备中,加入RPEO/CH-2复配清水剂,斜板除油器出口污水的除油率达99.8%,除油效率高。     

延长油田某联合站污水处理药剂效果评价与筛选

延长油田经过多年的开发,目前已进入高含水期,产出液含水高,油田采出水作为注水水源处理后回注,而部分联合站采出水处理过程中药剂种类不合理,投加方式单一,加药效果不理想,难以满足低渗透油藏注水水质要求。为实现水质达标和降低水处理成本,对该站药剂进行了评价和筛选,调整药剂浓度以及投加方式。根据实验结果筛选满足技术要求的药剂:絮凝剂50 mg/L、有机助凝剂2 mg/L、缓蚀剂60 mg/L、杀菌剂80 mg/L、阻垢剂60 mg/L以及合理的加药方式。     

海上某油田清水剂换型应用研究及评价

海上某采油中心平台污水系统所用清水剂BHQ-06不能很好解决污水中乳化油的问题,导致斜板、气浮处理效果不理想,使注水水质受到影响.由于油田生产场地空间受限,新的污水处理设备或旧设备的改造无法实现,因此只能通过高效清水剂的使用,来改善注水水质,降低注水的含油量.经过药剂换型方案研究及效果评价,筛选出的清水剂BHQ-325具有良好的清水效果.在现场对此药剂进行应用试验,通过对不同加药剂量下水处理系统运行效果的分析,得出BHQ-325加药浓度为30mg/L,注水含油稳定在6mg/L时,可满足工艺处理要求.     

聚季铵盐型高分子清水剂在渤海某油田的应用研究

针对渤海某油田FPSO污水处理不达标现象,筛选评价了一种聚季铵盐型高分子清水剂,通过中试试验考察了清水剂的处理效果,并考察了清水剂和在用缓蚀剂、阻垢剂的配伍性,结果表明清水剂处理后回注水水质显著提升,主要指标达到回注水污水含油值≤30mg/L,总悬浮物≤10mg/L,粒径中值≤4μm,各项指标满足行业标准要求,且与水系统在用防垢剂和缓蚀剂配伍性良好。     

海上油田专用浮选剂的合成及应用

采用水溶液自由基聚合方法开发合成了一种油田专用浮选剂。综合考察了物料质量分数、引发剂质量分数、反应温度对产品性能的影响,结果表明,最佳的实验条件:单体质量分数5%(AM、MD、高阳离子单体的摩尔比为10∶3∶1),介质质量分数20%,引发剂质量分数0.4%,乙二醇的质量分数13.5%,氯化钠质量分数3.5%,其余为去离子水,反应温度45℃。南堡35-2油点现场应用表明,合成浮选剂的加入浓度相比于在用浮选剂BHFX-01的80 mg/L降为40 mg/L时,其清水除油效果更加明显,污水含油量由加入合成浮选剂前的480 mg/L左右降为加药后的110 mg/L左右,其平均除油率为68.3%,最大除油率为78.6%。     

曹妃甸油田注水除氧剂BHO-04的研制与国产化

根据油田注水除氧剂的作用机理及海上注水系统的技术要求,开发了除氧剂BHO-04并在曹妃甸油田WHPD和FPSO现场试验中获得成功,能将缓冲罐出口的溶解氧控制在0.01 mg/L以内。目前,除氧剂BHO-04已经完全替代进口除氧剂IRU-145CH,成功实现国产化。     

聚环氧氯丙烷胺清水剂的制备及性能研究

以二甲胺、叔胺和环氧氯丙烷为原料,多乙烯多胺为交联剂,制备了聚环氧氯丙烷胺清水剂,并对其进行红外光谱(IR)表征。采用清水剂对绥中36-1油田含油污水进行性能试验,研究了清水剂投加量和作用时间对性能的影响。确定其最佳使用范围:投加量为180～240mg/L,作用时间16～20 min。在此范围下,清水剂除油率达到92%,除悬浮物率达89%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。