HPLC法同时测定儿泻停颗粒中甘草苷和甘草酸的含量

摘 要 目的：建立测定儿泻停颗粒中甘草苷和甘草酸含量的HPLC法。方法: 采用TechMate C18 ST色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相以乙腈为A相,0.05%磷酸水溶液为B相,梯度洗脱,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长：237 nm,柱温：室温,进样量：5 μl。结果: 甘草苷在10.32～51.62 mg·L^-1,甘草酸铵在79.40～397.00 mg·L^-1范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r>0.999)。两种成分的平均回收率分别为98.10%（RSD=1.0%,n=6）和97.15%（RSD=1.8%,n=6）。结论:该方法结果准确,重复性和稳定性好,可用于儿泻停颗粒的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定复方异丙嗪甘草口服溶液中盐酸异丙嗪和甘草酸的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立测定复方异丙嗪甘草口服溶液中盐酸异丙嗪和甘草酸含量的高效液相色谱法。方法: 采用Thermo BDS C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以甲醇-冰醋酸0.2 mol· L^-1醋酸铵溶液（58∶1∶41）为流动相,流速为1.0 ml· min^-1,检测波长为250 nm,柱温为室温,进样量为10 μl。结果: 盐酸异丙嗪、甘草酸分别在0.079 4～0.317 6 mg·mL^-1 （r=0.999 9）、0.060 3～0.241 1 mg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.61%(RSD=0.32%,n=9)、99.30%(RSD=0.59%,n=9)。结论:该方法简便准确、重复性好,可用于控制该制剂质量。     

HPLC法同时测定心宁片中3个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法同时测定心宁片中芦丁、丹酚酸B、人参皂苷Rb1含量的方法。方法: 采用CAPCELL PAK MG（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈（A） 0.1%磷酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min-1,柱温35 ℃,检测波长为354 nm、286 nm和203 nm（波长切换方式）。结果: 芦丁浓度在0.027 3~1.360 0 mg·mL^-1范围内(r=1.000 0),丹酚酸B浓度在0.024 4~1.220 0 mg·mL^-1范围内(r =1.000 0),人参皂苷Rb1浓度在0.018 6~0.931 0 mg·mL^-1范围内(r=0.999 9),与峰面积均呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为102.3%,98.7%,101.7%,RSD分别为1.1.%,0.8%,1.8%(n= 6)。结论: 本文建立HPLC法可实现同时测定芦丁、丹酚酸B、人参皂苷Rb1 3种有效成分,方法快速、简便、结果准确,可为心宁片提供更全面、可靠的质量控制方法。     

多波长HPLC法同时测定皮肤康洗液中5种有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立多波长切换高效液相色谱法同时测定皮肤康洗液中芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素5种有效成分的含量。方法: 色谱柱为 Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈 0.1%盐酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;流速为1.5 ml·min^-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为232 nm(0～6 min,检测芍药苷)、277 nm(6～10 min,检测甘草苷)、254 nm(10 min以后,检测甘草酸铵、大黄素、蛇床子素）。结果: 芍药苷、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、大黄素和蛇床子素的线性范围分别为28.20～282.0 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）、12.150～121.500 μg·ml^-1（r=0.998 8）、13.420～134.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.047～0.466 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）、2.380～23.800 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率分别为98.49%,99.00%,98.38%,97.36%,97.70%,RSD分别为0.71%,0.62%,0.85%,0.92%,0.78%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于同时测定皮肤康洗液中上述5个有效成分的含量。     

痤疮散质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立痤疮散质量控制方法。方法: 采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的大黄、白芷和防风进行定性鉴别;采用气相色谱法同时测定制剂中百秋李醇、薄荷脑和冰片的含量。结果: 薄层色谱显色清晰且阴性对照无干扰。百秋李醇、冰片、薄荷脑分别在0.020 1~0.805 6 mg·mL^-1、0.010 0~0.401 6 mg·mL^-1、0.005 1~0.202 8 mg·mL^-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率（n=6）分别为102.03%（RSD=0.91%）、100.10%（RSD=1.94%）、103.15%（RSD=1.68%）。结论:本法操作简便,结果准确、重现性好,可用于痤疮散的质量控制。     

氨咖麻敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、盐酸伪麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定

摘 要 目的： 优化测定氨咖麻敏胶囊中各组分含量的方法。方法: 色谱柱为CNW C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以磷酸二氢铵溶液 乙腈-甲醇（85∶5∶10）为流动相,检测波长为210 nm,同时测定对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、咖啡因含量;色谱柱为CNW C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以磷酸二氢铵溶液 乙腈（73∶27）为流动相,检测波长为261 nm,测定马来酸氯苯那敏含量。结果: 氨咖麻敏胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、盐酸伪麻黄碱、马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围分别为0.100 0～1.000 0 mg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、0.012 0～0.120 0 mg·mL^-1r=0.999 9、0.012 0～0.120 0 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）、0.015 0～0.180 0 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,平均回收率分别为99.9%、101.0%、99.4%、100.0%,RSD分别为1.6%、1.2%、1.7%、1.4%（n=9）。结论: 本方法灵敏度高、专属性强,可用于测定氨咖麻敏胶囊中各组分的含量。     

HPLC双波长法同时测定美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓中的2种有效成分

摘 要 目的：建立同时测定美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓中呋喃唑酮和吲哚美辛含量的高效液相色谱双波长分析方法。方法: 采用ZORBAX Extend C18 色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈和0.035 mol·L^-1的磷酸二氢钾水溶液（冰醋酸调节pH至3.0）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长分别为364 nm和318 nm,柱温30℃,进样量20 μl。结果: 在选定的色谱条件下,呋喃唑酮和吲哚美辛在0.005～0.05 mg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,检测限分别为20 ng·mL^-1和26 ng·mL^-1,定量限分别为70 ng·mL^-1和90 ng·mL^-1,平均回收率分别为99.4%（RSD=0.6%,n=9）和99.4%（RSD=0.3%,n=9）。结论: 所建立的方法简便快速,专属性强,结果准确可靠,可用于美辛唑酮红古豆醇酯栓中呋喃唑酮及吲哚美辛的检测分析。     

HPLC法测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC法分离和测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。方法: 以Agilent Zobrax SB C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 甲醇 0.4%甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长为272 nm,流速为1.0 ml·mim^{-1,进样量:10 μl。结果: 夏佛塔苷在0.000 6 ～0.277 2 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）;橙皮苷在0.002 1～0.856 8 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好（r=1.000 0）。夏佛塔苷平均回收率为101.83%,RSD=0.27%,橙皮苷平均回收率为98.35%,RSD=0.41%(n=6)。结论: 本方法可用于测定尿石通丸中夏佛塔苷和橙皮苷的含量。}     

芩珠凉血合剂的质量标准

摘 要 目的：建立芩珠凉血合剂的质量标准。方法: 采用TLC法对处方中的黄芩、甘草和薏苡仁进行定性鉴别,采用HPLC法测定制剂中黄芩苷和甘草酸的含量。结果: TLC能够特异性的鉴别黄芩、甘草和薏苡仁,黄芩苷在0.030~0.971 mg·mL^-1范围内,线性关系良好,r=1.000 0,平均回收率是97.74%,RSD是2.76%（n=9）;甘草酸铵在0.013~0.220 mg·mL^-1范围内,线性关系良好,r=1.000 0,平均回收率是99.02%,RSD是1.79%（n=9）。结论:该法专属性强,简便,准确,可作为控制芩珠凉血合剂的方法。     

HPLC法测定姜黄素-槲皮素复方自微乳的载药量和包封率

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC法测定姜黄素 槲皮素复方自微乳（CUR-QUE-SMEDDS）的载药量和包封率。方法: 采用离心法分离游离药物,HPLC法测定药物含量。色谱柱：Purospher STAR LP C18 柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈 4%冰醋酸（50∶50）,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长：370 nm,柱温：30℃,进样量：10 μl。结果: 姜黄素和槲皮素的线性范围分别为10.728~96.552 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）和1.08~9.72 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率分别为99.98%（RSD=1.46%,n=9）和100.34%（RSD=1.06%,n=9）。CUR QUE SMEDDS中姜黄素和槲皮素的包封率分别为（95.97±0.50）% 和（95.91±2.52）%,载药量分别为（25.82±0.15）mg·g^-1和（1.80±0.05）mg·g^-1。结论:该法准确可靠,快速简便,适用于测定CUR-QUE-SMEDDS的载药量和包封率。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.