铁水喷粉脱硫工艺参数优化的研究

针对重钢铁水脱硫预处理的现状,分析了脱硫的工艺参数并进行了优化。实践表明,优化参数后如用单一石灰粉剂脱硫率可稳定在75%～80%,吨铁粉剂耗量由平均9.52kg/t降低到6.68kg/t,吨铁脱硫处理成本下降5.991元,如用含15%Mg的石灰基粉剂,脱硫率稳定在85%以上,吨铁粉剂耗量为3～5kg。     

高流动性防潮石灰粉剂的研制及应用

采用特殊的石灰锻烧方法、高速粉碎技术以及特殊的物理纯化处理技术,研制出防潮性和流动性能好活性度高的新型石灰粉剂。其防潮性可达到冷水浸泡６０ｍｉｎ不吸潮溶解,储存可达一年。氧化钙含量在９２％以上,活性系数可达３２０ｍＬ以上。比表面积８～１０ｍ＾２／ｇ,该粉剂在铁水预处理工业试验的结果表明。由于粉剂流动性好,可使石灰粉有效地穿透气液界面而进入铁水内部,大幅度提高了ＣａＯ的利用率。与镁粉同时喷吹,铁水硫     

铁水脱硫剂的特点及镁基脱硫剂在包钢的应用

文章介绍了电石系脱硫剂、苏打粉系脱硫剂、石灰系脱硫剂和金属镁系脱硫剂等常用的铁水预脱硫剂的脱硫机理和特点,重点阐述了镁基脱硫剂的工艺及其在包钢炼钢厂生产中的应用.包钢炼钢厂采用镁-石灰二元复合喷吹脱硫工艺,在镁粉、石灰消耗量分别为0.40 kg/t和1.60 kg/t的条件下,可将高炉铁水脱硫量降至0.012%～0.013%,脱硫率在90%以上.     

铁水预处理低成本生产实践

为了降低铁水预处理成本,对铁水预处理过程参数进行优化,包括喷粉速率、喷枪插入深度等参数,并且在不影响脱硫效率的前提下,采用低CaO含量的钝化石灰粉替代高CaO含量的钝化石灰粉进行喷吹脱硫尝试。结果表明,钝化石灰粉消耗减少0.963 kg/t铁,镁粉脱硫效率提高6.9%,低CaO含量的钝化石灰粉不影响脱硫率。     

铁水预处理脱硫剂应用试验

采用顶喷吹工艺,试验应用CaO基、CaC2基两种脱硫剂进行铁水预处理。分析了脱硫率、铁水降温、处理后铁水[S]等与脱硫剂单耗的关系,认为选择CaC24 5kg/t、CaO10 5kg/t可以满足济钢铁水预处理工艺要求。     

马钢120 t转炉冶炼深脱硫铁水的冶金效果

马钢120 t转炉冶炼洁净钢时,采用≤0,002%S深脱硫铁水、冷料比17%,使用[S]≤0.020%低硫优质废钢,应用烟气分析动态控制技术,转炉终渣碱度3.2～3.5,出钢过程加活性灰600 kg,使终点[S]≤0.008%,提高了终点[C]和温度的命中率,终点钢水活性氧为556×10^-6,吹损喷溅下降,石灰等散装料消耗为≤90 kg/t,钢铁料消耗≤1104 kg/t。     

首钢京唐KR高效脱硫技术

首钢京唐采用KR进行100%全量铁水脱硫预处理,从生产布局上可以同时满足脱磷炉和脱碳炉的生产需要。为了实现KR的高效脱硫,对影响脱硫的因素进行了分析和讨论,认为脱硫剂中添加一定量的CaF2可生成一定量的共熔晶体,提高了铁水中硫元素的传输和反应速率;铁水中加入一定量的铝渣可以降低铁水中的氧活度,提高脱硫反应速度;铁水温度应控制在1300~1380℃之间,温度太高会在石灰颗粒表面形成较多的液相,造成石灰颗粒聚团,减少铁水与脱硫剂的接触面积,降低了反应速率;良好的石灰质量和搅拌头形状也有利于KR脱硫。 通过以上措施,铁水经过KR脱硫预处理后w［S］≤0.002%比例达到98%以上,转炉终点平均硫质量分数为0.005%。     

120t转炉少渣冶炼脱碳保磷的冶金效果

针对硅钢低碳低硫高磷的特点,马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司120 t转炉采用深脱硫铁水少渣冶炼脱碳保磷工艺,实现转炉终点w(S)≤0.006%,w(P)≥0.050%,终点C-T命中率提高直接出钢,钢水氧活度稳定在593×10-6左右,吹损喷溅下降,钢水收得率提高1.5%,石灰等散状料控制在33.7 kg/t以下,取得显著的经济效果。     

石灰微观结构对铁水预处理脱硫的影响

采用比表面积1.891~2.664 m²/g和平均孔径575.5~814.9 nm四种不同结构的活性石灰在高真空电弧熔炼旋淬一体机中进行铁水预处理脱硫实验。用扫描电子显微镜分析不同石灰样品表面形貌,并用全自动压汞仪测量石灰的比表面积和平均孔径。实验结果表明铁水脱硫率随着石灰平均孔径的增大而减小,随着比表面积增大而提高;最佳脱硫剂配比为1:50。可将铁水中硫含量从0.014%脱至0.001%。     

石灰基铁水预脱硫剂最佳配方和用量的试验研究

根据铁水预脱硫反应的热力学函数和脱硫反应速率,分析了有利于铁水预脱硫的条件。用10kg中频感应炉及无级变速螺旋搅拌器进行了石灰基铁水预脱硫试验,通过正交试验,得出使用成分为44%石灰、3%焦炭、22%电石、18%萤石、13%工业碱和用量为10 kg/t的脱硫剂对铁水进行预脱硫,可使硫含量降至0.010%0.013%,脱硫率达86.25%。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.