黑果枸杞提取物基于内质网应激和线粒体自噬调控HepG2细胞自噬

基于线粒体自噬和内质网应激,探究黑果枸杞提取物(L ycium ruthenicum Murray extraction,LRME)对HepG2细胞自噬的调控作用.采用流式细胞术检测HepG2细胞周期,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot测定内质网应激、线粒体自噬和自噬关键基因的表达水平.结果 表明:HepG2...     

TRAPP复合物与自噬关系的研究进展

转运蛋白颗粒(TRAPP)是一种高度保守的多亚基蛋白复合物，参与囊泡运输、细胞自噬等过程.细胞自噬是真核生物中高度保守的降解和循环通路，在维持细胞稳态和应对环境压力中起着重要作用.近年来，TRAPP复合物与自噬关系的研究较为广泛，研究表明多个TRAPP复合物亚基参与自噬过程，且TRAPP复合物不同亚基的突变或缺失也与多种人类疾病有关.对TRAPP复合物参与调控细胞自噬机制的深入研究有助于了解一些人类疾病的发生和发展.     

细胞自噬对拟南芥种子萌发的影响

自噬在植物生长发育过程发挥着至关重要的作用，但是植物中自噬与种子萌发的关系尚不明确。为了探究自噬对种子萌发的影响，通过基因表达检测、蛋白免疫印迹实验和种子萌发速率比较，分析了细胞自噬对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明细胞自噬在植物种子萌发过程中发挥重要作用:(1)自噬基因的表达在种子萌发过程中明显上调，且ATG8蛋白在种子萌发过程中逐渐积累，表明种子萌发过程中细胞自噬被激活；(2)细胞自噬抑制剂3-methyladenine (3-MA)能够显著地抑制拟南芥野生型种子的萌发，拟南芥自噬突变体种子的萌发速度比野生型种子的慢，表明细胞自噬途径在种子萌发过程中发挥正向调控作用但不是种子萌发所必需的。     

牺牲局部、成就整体的细胞自噬——2016年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果简介

 自噬是一种细胞自身成分降解并回收利用的基本过程。日本科学家Yoshinori Ohsumi（大隅良典）因阐明细胞自噬的分子机制和生理功能而获得2016年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。这项工作不但为理解机体适应饥饿、感染免疫应答等诸多生化过程打开了一扇窗,也为治疗自噬相关疾病及开发针对自噬的潜在药物靶标奠定了基础。本文解读细胞自噬分子机制的科学背景及内涵,综述自噬相关研究的进展,并探讨其对人类健康的重大意义。     

细胞自噬与肝病

细胞自噬是真核细胞在长期进化过程中形成的一种自我保护机制,它在清除细胞内蛋白质聚集体、维持细胞内稳态中发挥着重要的作用.近年来研究表明,细胞自噬与各种肝病的病理发生密切相关,本文简要综述该方面的研究进展.     

细胞自噬与炎症反应相互作用的研究进展

细胞自噬是维持细胞内环境自稳的一种自我保护机制,是由溶酶体介导的降解细胞内受损的蛋白质或者细胞器的代谢过程。细胞自噬与炎症反应密切相关,模式识别受体Toll样受体的激活能够诱导细胞自噬的发生,而细胞自噬又对炎症反应有调控作用。同时细胞自噬与抗感染免疫密切相关,而细胞自噬的缺损是诱发炎症反应和炎症性疾病的一个重要因素。本文简要综述细胞自噬与炎症反应的相互作用,为研究细胞自噬调控炎症反应的机制提供参考。     

LC3和lamins在细胞核自噬中的研究进展

自噬是细胞内的重要生理机制之一,对细胞来说自噬是一把双刃剑,它曾一度被认为是机体的保护机制,但随着研究的深入,学者发现自噬也可促进肿瘤的生长.由于细胞核在真核生物中的重要性,相关自噬蛋白在核中的大量分布,核自噬在多种疾病的发生发展中起着非常重要的作用.为了全面了解疾病与自噬的关系,人们开始了核自噬方面的探索.本文对近年...     

5十七烷基间苯二酚对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的抑制作用

为研究5-十七烷基间苯二酚(AR-C17)对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的作用及其潜在机制,采用CCK-8方法检测不同处理下的细胞存活率变化;DCF-DA荧光探针法检测活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)变化情况;流式细胞术测定胞内肿瘤增殖标记物Ki-67的表达,细胞凋亡的变化,线粒体膜电位的变化及自噬体的形成情况;蛋白印迹法检测Bax、Bcl-2、LC3-Ⅱ等凋亡、自噬相关蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,与对照组相比,AR-C17显著抑制了MDA-MB-231细胞存活率,促进胞内ROS的生成,降低肿瘤增殖标志物Ki-67的表达,降低线粒体膜电位,上调Bax/Bcl-2的蛋白表达比率,增加活性Caspase的表达量,诱导MDA-MB-231细胞发生线粒体途径的凋亡;同时,AR-C17能够增加LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达量,促进自噬体形成,诱导细胞发生自噬;此外,采用自噬抑制剂与AR-C17共同作用能够降低细胞存活率,进一步促进细胞凋亡。研究结果表明,AR-C17能够诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞发生凋亡和自噬,达到抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖的作用。     

细胞自噬的调节机制与选择性降解

细胞自噬是一个多步骤的降解过程.当细胞自噬发生时,具有双层膜结构的自噬小体先把待降解的细胞内容物包裹起来,然后与溶酶体融合将内容物降解.细胞自噬起初仅被认为是对营养缺乏的适应性机制,是一个非选择性降解过程.近些年来不断深入的研究表明,细胞自噬同时还参与了抵抗炎症、肿瘤、神经退行性变及心脏病等重要生理过程.随着细胞自噬受体蛋白p62的发现,人们进一步认识到细胞自噬还是一个具有高度选择性的降解过程.本文综述了细胞自噬的调节机制及其对一些蛋白聚合体的选择性降解.     

低氧与运动训练对线粒体自噬影响的研究进展

线粒体是机体主要的供能细胞器,但是氧化损伤等因素会导致线粒体功能失调.研究表明,自噬是线粒体维持自身数量以及质量的动态平衡的主要方式之一.线粒体自噬(mitochondrial autophagy)具有选择性,对受损伤或不需要的线粒体能特异性识别,由自噬体将其包裹并清除.线粒体自噬对维持细胞内环境稳态具有重要意义,是维持整个线粒体网络功能完整性和细胞生存的重要机制之一.运动训练对机体代谢的良性效应可用自噬现象来解释,细胞自噬已成为当前运动科学领域的研究热点.该文主要综述近年来国内外有关低氧与运动训练对线粒体自噬现象影响的研究进展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.