HAF/NR复合材料中填料/基体界面相互作用的控制及其对橡胶补强的影响

采用含有吡啶官能团的分子对高耐磨炭黑粒子（HAF）原位接枝改性调控填料/基体界面相互作用。采用Ayala参数定量计算填料/基体界面相互作用,研究了界面相互作用对天然橡胶（NR）补强性能的影响。复合材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线表明,填充接枝炭黑的复合材料具有更高的力学性能,其原因是炭黑接枝增强了填料-基体界面相互作用,削弱了填料-填料相互作用。     

HAF/NR复合材料中填料/基体界面相互

采用含有吡啶官能团的分子对高耐磨炭黑粒子(HAF)原位接枝改性调控填料/基体界面相互作用.采用Ayala参数定量计算填料/基体界面相互作用,研究了界面相互作用对天然橡胶(NR)补强性能的影响.复合材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线表明,填充接枝炭黑的复合材料具有更高的力学性能,其原因是炭黑接枝增强了填料-基体界面相互作用,削弱了填料-填料相互作用.     

胶乳反应改性法制备炭黑填充型丁腈橡胶复合材料

在以丁腈橡胶(NBR)胶乳、炭黑(HAF)为主的体系中，通过引入适当的单体——甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)或丙烯酸丁酯(BA)，利用单体对橡胶乳液的接枝，与HAF表面产生化学结合，从而改善了炭黑在橡胶中的分散性，加强了橡胶与炭黑之间的结合，制备出了具有优良力学性能和耐热性能的炭黑填充丁腈橡胶复合材料．文中还考察了NBR、HAF与单体的接枝效果，并对复合材料的力学性能、热性能及动态力学性能进行了研究，通过扫描电镜(SEM)探讨了复合材料的微观结构、     

热固性高固体分丙烯酸酯树脂的合成和改性研究

摘要:以BPO和AIBN为引发剂,在引发剂用量分别为2.5%和8%（质量分数）时合成了羟基丙烯酸酯树脂,并用丙烯酸环氧酯改性．用甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂固化羟基丙烯酸酯树脂,固化过程的DSC曲线表明树脂为中低温固化．测试了系列树脂的分子量和粘度以及树脂固化涂膜的机械性能,耐化学试剂性能和热稳定性能等．发现并讨论了在引发剂BPO用量提高到较高浓度时树脂的分子量和粘度增加的现象.改性后羟基丙烯酸酯树脂固化涂膜具有良好的机械性能,耐酸性能得到明显提高,热稳定性也有一定的提高．     

界面氢键结合的天然橡胶/改性气相法白炭黑纳米复合材料

用间苯二酚与六亚甲基四胺络合物（RH）对气相法白炭黑进行表面改性,通过混炼和硫化制备了天然橡胶/改性气相法白炭黑（NR/M-silica）纳米复合材料,并通过力学性能测试、交联密度测定、透射电镜、差示扫描量热法、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等手段研究了纳米复合材料的结构和性能．结果表明：M-silica对NR硫化胶的补强效果显著优于未改性的气相法白炭黑,当M－silica用量为4～10份时,硫化胶的力学性能最佳;M-silica在橡胶基体中分散良好,硫化胶的交联密度和玻璃化温度提高;在改性剂RH作用下,白炭黑的Si-O键和硅羟基的红外光谱特征吸收峰发生明显的蓝移,且O原子的结合能发生明显的变化,表明白炭黑表面的硅羟基与RH受热后形成的间苯二酚甲醛树脂中的酚羟基之间形成了明显的氢键作用．在上述研究的基础上讨论了RH改性气相法白炭黑补强天然橡胶的机理．     

马来酸酐熔融接枝醋酸纤维素的研究

以醋酸纤维素(CA)为基体树脂,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,马来酸酐(MAH)为接枝单体,在双螺杆挤出机中于175～200℃进行熔融接枝.以红外光谱表征法确定了接枝反应的发生,研究了引发剂、接枝单体用量对接枝反应的影响,并研究了接枝单体及其用量对接枝CA材料热稳定性能、流变性能的影响.结果表明:引发剂DCP添加量为0.4%时接枝率最高;随着MAH添加量的增加,接枝率随之增加;CA-g-MAH较纯CA的热稳定性有所提高,熔体黏度下降,熔体流动速率提高.     

纳米微晶纤维素替代炭黑补强天然橡胶

采用纳米微晶纤维素(NCC)部分替代炭黑,制备了天然橡胶/纳米微晶纤维素/炭黑复合材料(NR/NCC/CB),研究了NCC对NR/CB复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,NCC提高了CB补强NR的扯断伸长率,并保持在500%以上,永久变形下降至30%以下,且NR/NCC/CB的拉伸强度和撕裂强度基本保持或略优于NR/CB,硬度则基本保持不变;NCC替代炭黑的量为5phr～20phr时,材料仍能保持良好的耐磨耗性能;NCC替代炭黑的量低于15phr时,材料的抗曲挠龟裂性能得到改善;NCC的加入还改善了材料的热空气老化性能,降低了材料的压缩疲劳生热,当NCC取代CB的量为10 phr时,复合材料的生热达到最低值13.0℃.     

工业橡胶：天然环保的制品原料

橡胶制品的用材最初主要使用天然橡胶（NR）。NR具有优良的弹性、强度、抗撕性和耐疲劳等物理机械性能。然而NR也有它的局限性，如耐油性和耐热性不足等。NR除了含橡胶烃外，还含有多种蛋白质、多糖类物质，加上胶料中各种配合剂及其他低分子物质，     

天然橡胶/改性气相法白炭黑纳米复合材料的制备

用间苯二酚与六亚甲基四胺络合物（RH）对气相法白炭黑进行表面改性,产物与天然橡胶混合,通过混炼和硫化制备了天然橡彬改性气相法白炭黑（NR／M-silica）纳米复合材料．采用力学性能测试、交联密度测定、透射电镜、差示扫描量热、红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等手段研究了该纳米复合材料的结构和性能,并探讨了RH改性气相法白炭黑补强天然橡胶的机理．结果表明：M-silica对NR硫化胶的补强效果明显优于未改性的气相法白炭黑,当M-silica用量为4％-10％时,硫化胶的力学性能最佳;M-silica在橡胶基体中分散良好,硫化胶的交联密度和玻璃化温度升高;在改性剂RH作用下,白炭黑中的Si-O键和硅羟基的红外光谱特征吸收峰发生明显的蓝移,且O原子的结合能发生明显的变化,表明白炭黑表面的硅羟基与RH受热后形成的间苯二酚甲醛树脂中的酚羟基之间形成了明显的氢键作用．     

石墨烯改性白炭黑填料对天然橡胶性能的影响

白炭黑(主要成分为纳米SiO₂,nano-SiO₂)由于易于制取、绿色环保等优点,现被广泛用于橡胶补强中,但是白炭黑因为结构上的特点,导致其在橡胶中的分散性和补强能力比炭黑差。利用硅烷偶联剂改善白炭黑在橡胶中的分散性,并研究改性白炭黑和石墨烯(GE)的协同补强作用对天然橡胶(NR)的影响。使用助分散剂单宁酸(TA)修饰的石墨烯与使用硅烷偶联剂KH570改性的白炭黑通过迈克尔加成反应得到杂化填料(KS-TGE),与天然橡胶充分混合制得KS-TGE/NR复合材料。经过测试,白炭黑经过改性后不仅改善了其在橡胶中的分散性,并且其和石墨烯制得的杂化填料与天然橡胶共混后,天然橡胶的力学性能得到提升。与未改性的nano-SiO₂/NR相比,改性后的复合材料拉伸强度最高提升36.3%,断裂伸长率最高提升79.5%,此外KS-TGE/NR仍能保持优异的弹性和动态力学性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.