多信道多接口智能路由协议研究

多信道多接口可以降低信道共用的干扰并且提高多跳无线Ad Hoc网络的吞吐量。提出一种信道分配与路由选择相结合的多信道多接口智能路由协议DMMR,DMMR综合考虑了链路生存时间、跳数以及节点距离。用LP标准,使路由选择标准在链路生存时间和最短路径之间取得均衡,这样选择的信道在移动环境中更加具有可靠性;用基于距离的信道选择算法选择信道,该信道选择算法首先估算节点间距离,根据估算到的距离选择合适的信道进行数据传输,从而提高信道的空间复用。和已经存在的路由协议相比,仿真结果表明在移动多跳Ad Hoc网络中该协议能够降低平均端到端延迟并且提高网络的吞吐量和包到达率。     

基于链路角度最优化的无线Mesh骨干网络拓扑控制

【目的】为了改善基于Delaunay结构的无线Mesh骨干网络拓扑复杂度、通信链路角度以及全向通讯时信号干扰严重等不足,提出一种基于定向通信机制的节点链路角度最优化拓扑控制算法。【方法】该算法通过优化节点通信链路角度,使其相对最大,降低网络拓扑复杂度,并采用定向通讯机制降低通讯链路之间信号干扰。【结果】在满足约束条件下,该拓扑优化控制算法不但使节点链路之间角度控制在相对最大范围,减小了定向通讯时信道的干扰,同时也改善了无线Mesh网络(WMN)的丢包率、延迟、吞吐量等性能。【结论】仿真实验结果表明,该拓扑控制算法是有效的。     

一种无线传感器网络多信道动态路径转发协议

为了改善无线传感器网络在重负载情况下的性能,提出了一种多信道动态路径转发协议MDFP.该协议通过整合动态路径选择和预测唤醒调度,使得发送者在发送数据前能预测可用转发节点的唤醒时间,避免了现有动态路径转发协议依赖长前导来完成转发节点选择和数据传输所带来的问题,从而实现更低的能耗并改善网络在重负载下的延时和可靠性.MDFP利用多信道通信减少节点间干扰,从而进一步提升网络在重负载情况下的可靠性.基于TelosB节点的实验结果表明,在重负载情况下,相对于现有的动态路径转发协议,MDFP在能耗、延时和可靠性方面均有较明显的性能提升.     

基于发送功率的无线网络可靠性分析

为了快速准确地评估无线网络的可靠性,使用Weibull函数提出了一种基于发送功率的无线网络链路存在的概率模型.在已知节点发送功率和节点间距离的情况下,得到无线网络中各节点间链路存在的概率,进而得到各种拓扑存在的概率.并针对每种拓扑分布分别使用两终端可靠性的求解方法,得到无线网络的可靠性.仿真结果表明:当无线节点的可传输距离小于节点间直线距离时,网络可靠性为0;当无线节点的可传输距离大干节点间3倍直线距离时,链路完全可靠,网络可靠性由节点可靠性决定;当无线节点的可传输距离在前两者之间时,网络可靠性随着节点发送功率的增加而增加.该模型为现实中无线网络两终端可靠性的设计评估和无线功率资源的有效分配提供了有效的方案.     

一种面向分簇无线传感器网络的多信道跨层协议

针对工业测控对传感器网络抗干扰性及通信实时性的要求,提出了一种面向分簇无线传感器网络的多信道跨层协议.该协议在簇内采用多信道配合时分复用机制,并通过高容忍度信道切换算法实时评估信道质量和自适应切换信道,以减小相邻簇和相邻频段协议的干扰,在簇间引入链路Q值评价路径状况,采用基于概率转发的多路径机制平衡网内数据流量,并控制和缓解拥塞,以减小数据流量大或变化快时因拥塞造成的丢包.该协议将簇内多信道和簇间多路径2种机制相结合以提升网络性能.仿真结果表明,相比传统的分簇协议,该协议能有效抵抗干扰并控制和缓解簇间拥塞,且可缩短约22％的簇间延时.     

VANET中一种分布式路由协议MCCR

研究了VANET(Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks)中多信道环境下基于合作机制的路由选择问题.提出将发送时延和链路冲突数作为路由判据的主要参数的思路,设计了一种新的路由判据MCCM(Multi-Channel Contention-aware Cooperative Metirc),该判据综合考虑了路径内干扰和路径间干扰并反映出多信道环境对路由的影响.将MCCM路由判据应用到路由选择中,据此设计的路由算法能更好地适应VANET中的虚拟节点和虚拟链路,进而设计了一种全新的分布式路由选择协议MCCR(Multi-Channel Contention-awareCooperative Routing).模拟实验结果表明,在节点稠密、网络负载大时,MCCR路由算法能有效提高网络性能.     

面向无线Mesh网络的HWMP路由协议的改进研究

在基于HWMP路由协议的研究上,进一步提出一种面向无线Mesh网络的LB-IA-HWMP路由协议,该协议打破了以往单一路由判据的观念,采用了一种综合性的路由判据BPF(Best Path Finding),此路由判据综合考虑了节点的负载能力和处理能力以及链路的干扰程度,单一的路由判据在提高无线Mesh网络性能方面存有局限性问题,然而此协议可以很好地改良这一问题,为保证无线Mesh网络的正常运转,一定要尽力保证网络中节点之间流量的负载均衡且控制链路干扰的程度,因此该协议的采用能够在无线Mesh网络运行过程中大幅度的预防网络拥塞的产生和降低链路干扰.经过仿真与分析后,结果表明有效预防了网络运行过程中高负载区域的产生,充分利用了无线Mesh网络中节点之间的数据传输的链路资源,使得网络的整体性能得到了大幅度的提高.     

基于信道阻力的MPLS网络最小干扰选路算法

目前的多协议标签交换(MPLS)网络中的标签交换路径(LSP)选路算法,存在所选路径相互干扰、网络资源利用率低等问题.文中针对这些问题,提出了一种基于信道阻力的LSP选路最小干扰算法.新算法中定义了信道阻力的概念,通过对通信网中不同源和目的节点对间的链路阻力求解,来获得各条边的阻力分布,并以干扰后的链路阻力为权值采用Dijkstra算法求得节点对之间具有最小干扰的路径.仿真结果表明,新算法有更好的抗干扰性能和均衡利用网络资源的能力.     

基于链路干扰模型的802.11s信道分配策略

从无线链路干扰的角度为802.11s定义的无线Mesh网络提出一种信道分配策略.首先在现有无线干扰模型和传播模型的基础上,通过仿真研究无线干扰对无线Mesh网络性能的影响;然后根据仿真结论提出无线链路干扰模型,同时利用无线Mesh网络流量呈现树状拓扑汇聚的特点对网络拓扑进行有序分解,从而划分出多跳链路干扰和单跳并行链路干扰;最后提出的802.11s信道分配策略的基本思想是采用循环交叉分配信道的方法尽量减少或消除无线多跳链路干扰.     

基于连通性的动态固定信道分配算法

随着跳数的增加,无线Mesh网络的延迟开始增大,吞吐量开始降低,QoS难以得到保证.基于多信道多接口的信道分配策略可以很好地解决上述问题,但目前对多信道Mesh网络的研究往往忽视了节点之间的连通性问题.在原有的宽带优先搜索(BFS,Breadth First Search)算法的基础上,针对动态固定信道分配(DFCA,Dynamic Fixed Channel Allocation)算法进行研究,在保证连通性的前提下,为每个节点动态的分配固定信道,减少了链路之间干扰,提高了传输效率,同时考虑了新加入节点以及失效节点带来的问题.仿真结果表明,在发送速率较大、数据流数较多的情况下,DFCA算法较传统算法在吞吐量方面得到很大提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.