介孔SiO_2表面的氨基修饰及吸附性能研究

以十六胺为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源合成了多孔球形结构的介孔SiO2,用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(ATES)对介孔SiO2进行了表面修饰,得到了氨基嫁接介孔ATES-SiO2。利用XRD、BET、IR等方法分别测定了SiO2和ATES-SiO2的结构与性质,结果表明-NH2已成功接枝于介孔ATES-SiO2的孔道内表面。在常温常压下测得介孔SiO2和ATES-SiO2对CO2的吸附量分别为0.93 mmol/g和4.87 mmol/g。     

Ni-MCM-41的水热合成与稳定性

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO39H2O)、氯化镍(NiCl2·6H2O)等无机盐为原料,通过水热法合成含有不同镍含量的介孔分子筛(nickel-containing meso-porousmoleeular sieve,Ni-MCM-41).采用X射线粉末衍射、等离子发射光谱、程序升温还原,透射电子显微镜和N2吸附-脱附等技术对焙烧后的样品的物化性能进行表征,同时对所合成Ni-MCM-41的水热稳定性进行研究.结果表明:在水热条件下成功合成出4种不同镍含量的Ni-MCM-41,其比表面积在495.9～888.2 m2/g之间,平均孔径在2.43～2.92 nm之间.随着介孔分子筛中金属镍含量的增加,Ni-MCM-41的比表面积、孔体积变小和介孔有序性变差.原料摩尔比n(SiO2):n(NiO)1:0.05时,合成的Ni-MCM-41的介孔有序性最好.所合成的含Ni-MCM-41经750℃焙烧3h后仍然具有介孔结构;另一方面,经100℃水热处理5d后的样品也具有介孔结构,但介孔有序性差.     

啤酒废酵母为模板仿生合成介孔SiO_2(英文)

以啤酒废酵母为模板剂,采用沉淀法仿生合成具有介孔结构的SiO2材料。通过透射电镜(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)观察到SiO2的介孔结构。Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)模型证明了介孔结构的存在,且样品的比表面积为244.98～339.16m2/g,平均孔径范围为4.32～8.04nm。用红外光谱分析仪对样品的成分和化学键进行分析,利用TEM和BET法研究废酵母用量对实验结果的影响。这种方法能够实现废物再利用,并能降低产品成本。     

水热条件下CuMCM-41介孔分子筛的合成与表征

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)、氯化铜(CuCl2·6H2O)等无机盐为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,通过水热法合成CuMCM-41介孔分子筛.分别采用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜和N2吸附-脱附等技术,对产物的晶相、结构、形貌、比表面积和孔径分布进行了表征.同时研究金属铜添加量与比表面积、孔径之间的关系.结果表明:合成出的4种不同铜含量的CuMCM01介孔分子筛,其比表面积最高可达1032.41m2/g,平均孔径在3.4～4.0 nm之间.随着介孔分子筛中掺杂的金属铜含量的增加,介孔分子筛的比表面积变小、介孔有序性变差.当原料配比增加到n(SiO2):n(CuO)=1:0.2时,合成出的CuMCM-41介孔分子筛有序性很差.     

水热碱蚀与碱溶滤联合处理制备介孔丝光沸石

以硅酸钠溶胶和铝酸钠为硅、铝源,采用水热合成和离子交换法制备了质子型丝光沸石(H-MOR)。研究水热碱蚀与碱溶滤联合处理对H-MOR改性样品的介孔结构、晶体形貌、组成及酸性质的影响。结果表明:用初始浸渍液对H-MOR进行水热碱蚀,H-MOR骨架脱硅选择性高,晶体含有均一的筛状介孔;水热碱蚀与一次碱溶滤处理的样品具有尺度分布较窄的槽形介孔,沸石骨架硅铝比降低而介孔率增加;再度进行碱溶滤处理,沸石的最可几介孔尺寸和累计介孔体积进一步增大,而残留抽出物(无定形SiO2–Al2O3)的硅铝比为生成介孔丝光沸石晶相的5倍以上。联合碱处理的丝光沸石样品具有骨架脱硅选择性和介孔率高、介孔分布(4.4~5.7nm)可控的特性,其结晶度、固有微孔结构和酸性质退化程度较低。     

磁性介孔炭合成及其氨化改性

以糠醇为炭源,Fe(NO3)2·9H2O为磁性前躯体,SiO2微球为模板采用一步浸渍法合成了磁性介孔炭,并用化学方法将含胺基官能团嫁接于磁性介孔炭的表面。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),红外光谱(FT-IR)和氮气吸-脱附(BET)对经乙二胺表面改性后氨化磁性介孔炭进行表征。结果表明:所合成的氨化磁性介孔炭比表面积为384 m2/g,平均孔容积为0.7 cm3/g,并具有双介孔微球结构。     

有序二氧化硅介孔固体材料制备的研究进展

有序二氧化硅(SiO2)介孔固体是近年来研究的一类用以组装纳米结构材料的载体. 本文概述了近年来这类介孔固体材料制备的研究进展情况,介绍了不同反应体系和反应条件对介孔的有序性、介孔尺寸、介孔壁厚以及材料的孔隙率和热稳定性的影响.     

以多孔炭为模板合成中空介孔丝光沸石

以多孔炭为模板,水热条件下首次合成了具有中空结构的介孔丝光沸石.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2物理吸附/脱附等测试手段对合成的样品进行了表征.结果表明,制备的新型材料为具有规则六棱柱外貌的中空介孔丝光沸石,晶体的内腔尺寸约为8 μm,晶体的壁厚约为1 μm,且晶体壁中存在大量尺寸约为9.0 nm的介孔.     

介孔SiO2薄膜的制备与表征

采用浸涂法,以载玻片为基底,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,丙三醇为成膜干燥控制剂,制备出有序的介孔SiO2薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构进行表征.XRD测试结果表明,合成的薄膜具有MCM-41介孔结...     

用富含介孔的硅基材料合成微孔-介孔复合分子筛

以富含介孔的硅基材料为硅源,四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,NaAlO2为铝源,调节投料硅铝的摩尔比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)),通过半固相原位合成法,制备了具有不同晶型的微孔-介孔复合分子筛。采用X射线衍射仪分析样品组成,扫描电镜观测样品晶体形态,使用容量吸附分析仪测量样品孔结构。结果表明,所得样品具有微孔-介孔复合结构,在较低硅铝摩尔比条件下(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=20~50),产物主要为β微孔-介孔复合分子筛;硅铝摩尔比较高时(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)200),合成产物为ZSM-5微孔-介孔复合分子筛。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。