无机盐离子对多孔VO_2薄膜微观形貌及热致相变性能的影响

以云母(001)为衬底,采用无机溶胶-凝胶法,通过添加表面活性剂十二烷三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),以及加入同一元素族、不同粒径的无机盐离子Li+、Na+、K+和同一周期、不同价态的Na+、Mg2+、Al3+制备多孔VO2薄膜。采用SEM、FT-IR等手段分析薄膜的微观形貌特征和热致相变性能。结果表明,不同化合价、不同粒径的无机盐离子对多孔VO2薄膜的颗粒尺寸分布、微观形貌以及热致相变性能产生影响。     

真空退火对VOx薄膜相结构及表面形貌的影响

以V2O5粉末为原料,采用无机溶胶-凝胶法制备了V2O5凝胶膜,经过真空退火处理得到了以VO2为主的薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同实验条件下得到的薄膜的物相和表面形貌进行分析,得出了VOx薄膜相结构及表面形貌与真空退火条件之间的关系。     

磁控溅射制备纳米二氧化钒半导体薄膜及表征

本文采用射频磁控溅射法,结合氩气气氛退火工艺制备了VO2薄膜。通过优化磁控溅射和热退火工艺,结合激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电镜扫描(SEM)对薄膜的相结构、组分和表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:溅射衬底温度为150℃,在450℃氩气气氛退火2.5 h能制备出高质量的VO2薄膜,表面呈米粒状,有一定的取向性。     

高压对高功率脉冲磁控放电等离子体注入与沉积氧化钒薄膜的影响

利用高功率脉冲磁控放电等离子体注入与沉积技术制备了氧化钒薄膜,分别采用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电化学分析仪研究了不同高压幅值对氧化钒薄膜的相结构、表面形貌、截面形貌以及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明制备的氧化钒薄膜以VO2(-211)相为主,还含有少量的VO2(111)、VO(220)、VO(222)相。不同高压下氧化钒薄膜表面致密、平整,其表面粗糙度仅为几个纳米,显示出良好的表面质量。氧化钒薄膜表现出典型致密的柱状晶生长形貌,且随着高压增加,氧化钒薄膜膜层厚度有所下降。氧化钒薄膜耐腐蚀性能较纯铝基体有较大提高,腐蚀电位提高0.093V,腐蚀电流下降1～2个数量级;当高压为-15kV时,氧化钒薄膜腐蚀电位最高,腐蚀电流最低,表现出最佳的耐蚀性能。     

VO2薄膜的制备及其热致相变特性研究

以双氧水和V2O5粉末为前驱体制备出V2O5溶胶,然后在云母基底上成膜,通过后续热处理退火得到优异相变性能的VO2薄膜。采用SEM、XRD分析薄膜形貌和微观结构,利用FT-IR等检测薄膜的光学性质。实验表明,VO2薄膜在云母基底上沿(011)晶面择优取向生长,颗粒生长致密且大小分布均匀。薄膜具有优异的相变陡然性,相变温度及滞后温宽都较低。在红外波段,相变前后透过率及反射率变化都较大,对红外光调节性能较好;在可见光波段,薄膜在相变前后都具有较高可见光透过率。     

W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜热滞回线的热调制现象

以单晶Si(100)为基底,采用无机溶胶–凝胶法在其表面制备W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜。采用SEM、XRD等手段分析了薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构。在热驱动下,利用原位FTIR分析了W-Mo复合离子掺杂VO2薄膜半导体–金属相变性能。结果显示:单晶Si(100)表面VO2薄膜具有(011)择优生长取向,W6+、Mo6+取代了V4+在晶格中的位置,实现置换掺杂。热滞回线分析表明,与未掺杂VO2薄膜相比,V1-x-yMoxWyO2薄膜相变温度降低,滞后温宽减小,同时相变陡然性变差,相变温宽增大;在相变温度区间内,温度路径对红外透过率具有调制效果,其调制作用受原始热滞回线的制约。     

原子层沉积制备VO_2薄膜及特性研究

原子层沉积(ALD)技术在制备薄膜时因具有厚度精确可控、三维均匀性好以及可以实现大面积成膜和低的成膜温度等优点而使其在各个领域受到广泛关注。本文采用ALD技术,以VO(acac)2和O2分别为钒源和氧源,使用不同的沉积温度(420~480℃)和退火条件(自然冷却、4和8h程序降温)在玻璃基底表面制备VO2薄膜。通过X-射线光电子能谱、X-射线衍射以及扫描电镜对薄膜的价态、结晶状况及表面微观形貌进行表征;通过四探针测试仪对所制备薄膜的半导体-金属相变特性进行了研究。实验结果表明:VO2薄膜相变特性与其微观结构和晶体取向有着直接关系。选择ALD脉冲时序为[10s-20s-20s-20s],循环周期数为300,在450℃沉积且采取自然冷却所制备的VO2薄膜结晶状态良好,相变前后薄膜方块电阻突变量大,具有良好的热致相变特性。因此,该ALD技术可以制备相变特性较好的VO2薄膜。     

退火气氛对SnO2薄膜结构与成分的影响

研究了低氧分压反应溅射法生长的SnO2薄膜于600℃ O2气氛和Ar气氛退火处理后的表面形貌、晶体结构以及表面成分,发现经氧化性气氛退火处理的SnO2为具有金红石结构的表面多孔薄膜.相比较而言,Ar气氛退火处理后的SnO2薄膜表面较为致密,相结构包含朱氧化完全的β-Sn.XPS分析进一步表明,氧化性气氛退火形成单一组分的SnO2,而惰性气氛退火后薄膜表面含有Sn、SnO和SnO2.另外,研究还发现薄膜表面吸附氧形态与退火气氛有关.     

TiO2中间层对基于溶胶–凝胶法制备的VO2薄膜光学特性的影响（英文）

为了提高VO2薄膜的热致相变性能,采用复合结构与掺杂相结合的方法,首先通过溶胶–凝胶法在云母基底上制备锐钛型TiO2薄膜,再在光致亲水性处理的TiO2/云母基底上涂覆V2O5以及掺钨V2O5水溶胶,然后经热处理获得VO2/TiO2及VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究薄膜的物相、表面形貌以及热致相变特性.结果表明,VO2/TiO2复合薄膜晶体生长为(011)面择优取向;VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜产生多种取向。TiO2中间层有助于使VO2薄膜生长致密,相变温度降低,更使VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜滞后温宽降至约4℃。     

CdZnTe薄膜的CdCl2退火及性能表征

采用近空间升华法制备了CdZnTe薄膜,并对其进行CdCl2退火,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外光谱仪、I-V测试仪等研究了退火对薄膜表面形貌、成分、结构以及光电性能的影响。结果表明,经过CdCl2退火后薄膜的晶粒尺寸明显增大,晶粒分布更加均匀;XRD分析结果显示,退火后薄膜的最强峰(111)峰的半峰宽变窄,薄膜沿(111)方向的择优取向明显增强;退火后薄膜的光学透过率降低,截止边红移,光学禁带宽度减小;薄膜的电阻率在退火后下降了两个数量级。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。