膳食补充芝麻素对APP/PS1转基因小鼠认知障碍的改善作用及机制

目的:芝麻素是我国重要油料作物芝麻中的木脂素类活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗抑郁等多种生理功能。本文旨在研究其对阿尔兹海默症等神经退行性变化中的认知功能障碍的改善作用及潜在机制。方法:选取6月龄APP/PS1转基因小鼠进行膳食补充芝麻素(质量分数0.05%)干预3个月,利用莫里斯水迷宫实验研究小鼠认知功能的变化;通过免疫荧光及免疫组化实验检测小鼠脑部各区域IBA-1及PSD-95蛋白的表达;利用免疫印迹及qRT-PCR技术对相关基因及信号通路蛋白进行检测;结果:芝麻素有效改善了小鼠的认知功能,降低了脑内β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的聚集,增加了突触相关蛋白PSD-95的表达;同时芝麻素减少了小胶质细胞标志物IBA-1的表达,抑制了脑内神经炎症的发生,减少了APP蛋白的表达并激活AKT/IDE通路。结论:芝麻素改善了APP/PS1转基因小鼠的认知功能障碍。本研究为深入探索芝麻素的神经保护作用及其应用提供了一定的理论基础。     

芝麻素与细辛素检测方法及生物活性的研究进展

旨在为芝麻木酚素相关产品、特殊用途油脂等的研发提供参考,对芝麻木酚素中主要的脂溶性活性成分芝麻素及其转化产物细辛素的含量分布、转化条件、检测方法和生物活性进行综述。芝麻素是芝麻中含量最多的脂溶性木酚素,而芝麻中几乎不含细辛素,但芝麻素可在酸性和受热条件下转化为细辛素;芝麻素与细辛素的检测方法有高效液相色谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-质谱联用法等;芝麻素具有抑菌、抗癌、降血脂等生物活性,细辛素具有抗炎、抑菌、抗病毒、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等生物活性。     

芝麻素的应用性能研究

采用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了芝麻特征性成分芝麻素的抗菌活性，结果表明，芝麻素对细菌的抑(杀)作用显著，且对细菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0．1％；在实验浓度范围内，芝麻素对真菌基本无抑制作用。另外以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了芝麻素对大豆色拉油和花生油的抗氧化性能，结果表明，芝麻素具有良好的抗油脂氧化活性。ω(芝麻素)=0．04％在大豆色拉油中的抗氧化活性与ω(BHT)=0．02％相当。     

国产芝麻中芝麻素含量分析

本文分析了国内重点芝麻产区15种芝麻的芝麻素含量，并分析芝麻素含量与芝麻品质之间的关系；结果表明：麻油中芝麻素的含量为0．115％-0．777％，芝麻素含量与芝麻含油率呈正相关（相关系数0．556，（α=0．05）。芝麻素平均含量以白芝麻最高，棕黄色芝麻稍逊，黑芝麻次之。     

芝麻素对细菌作用方式的研究

采用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了芝麻素的抗菌活性,同时以大肠杆菌为指示菌,用生长曲线法、琼脂块再培养法对芝麻素抗细菌作用的方式进行了研究。结果表明,芝麻素抗细菌作用显著,最低抑制浓度(MIC) 为0．1%,既可抑制细菌的生长,又有杀菌作用,但以杀菌作用为主。用相差显微镜进行观察,可见到加有芝麻素的培养液中细菌形态有明显的改变,菌体密度不均匀；芝麻素的抗菌作用优于同浓度的苯甲酸钠。     

芝麻木酚素对脑健康的保护作用研究进展

近年来，全球性人口老龄化程度持续加深，脑健康问题越来越受到人们的关注。以阿尔兹海默症等神经退行性疾病为代表的衰老相关疾病，给我国乃至全球范围居民的脑健康造成极大的威胁。芝麻木酚素是我国重要油料作物芝麻中主要的活性物质，被证明具有多种生物活性和营养功效。这类物质对脑健康的保护作用在近年受到较多的关注。本文综述芝麻素、芝麻酚、芝麻林素、松脂醇和芝麻林素酚等芝麻木酚素干预并调控神经退行性疾病、中风、抑郁、焦虑和代谢相关脑健康问题及认知障碍的研究进展，旨在为芝麻木酚素饮食干预脑健康提供一定的理论依据。     

芝麻素抗氧化活性的研究

以过氧化值(POV值)为指标,研究了芝麻素在大豆色拉油及猪油中的抗氧化性能,结果表明,芝麻素具有良好的抗油脂氧化活性,且随添加量的增加而增强,ω(芝麻素) =0 0 4 %在大豆色拉油中的抗氧化活性与ω(BHT) =0 0 2 %相当,优于在猪油中的抗氧化活性,磷酸对芝麻素在猪油中的抗氧化活性有显著的增效作用。     

芝麻素的研究及开发

阐述了芝麻素的主要来源，开发的意义，芝麻素的研究现状，存在问题及其发展趋势。并认为芝麻素的产业化在我国具有可行性、紧迫性和比较优势。     

芝麻中芝麻素提取工艺研究进展

芝麻素是一种具有良好生理功能和药理价值活性成分,具有广阔开发前景和市场需求。该文综述芝麻的芝麻素性质、应用及提取方法,重点介绍国内外从芝麻中提取芝麻素工艺。     

不同产地和品种芝麻营养成分差异分析

为分析不同产地和品种芝麻之间营养品质差异，以及营养品质之间的相关性，选取了山东省、河北省和湖南省200份芝麻样品，测定芝麻中脂肪、蛋白质、芝麻素和芝麻林素含量，并进行差异性和相关性分析。结果表明，不同芝麻品种之间蛋白质、脂肪、芝麻素和芝麻林素的平均含量分别为27.07%、52.27%、3.34 g/kg和1.48 g/kg。不同种皮颜色的芝麻营养品质略有差异，但差异不显著。山东省和河北省芝麻的蛋白质、脂肪含量显著高于湖南省芝麻(P<0.05)。河北省芝麻的芝麻素含量显著高于湖南省(P<0.05)，但山东省、湖南省之间差异不显著。3个省份之间的芝麻林素含量差异不显著。蛋白质与脂肪含量间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)，芝麻素与脂肪含量间呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.145(P<0.05)，这与之前的研究结果一致。芝麻素与芝麻林素含量间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。蛋白质、脂肪与芝麻林素之间相关性不显著。     

Sesamin modulation of lipid class and fatty acid profile in early juvenile teleost, Lates calcarifer, fed different dietary oils

Sesamin, a major sesame seed lignan, has diverse biological functions including the modulation of molecular actions in lipid metabolic pathways and reducing cholesterol levels. Vertebrates have different capacities to biosynthesize long-chain PUFA from dietary precursors and sesamin can enhance the biosynthesis of ALA to EPA and DHA in marine teleost. Early juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer, were fed for two weeks on diets rich in ALA or SDA derived from linseed or Echium plantagineum, respectively. Both diets contained phytosterols and less cholesterol compared with a standard fish oil-based diet. The growth rates were reduced in the animals receiving sesamin regardless of the dietary oil. However, the relative levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in total lipid, but not the phospholipid, increased in the whole body by up to 25% in animals fed on sesamin with ALA or SDA. Sesamin reduced the relative levels of triacylglycerols and increased polar lipid, and did not affect the relative composition of phospholipid subclasses or sterols. Sesamin is a potent modulator for LC-PUFA biosynthesis in animals, but probably will have more effective impact at advanced ages. By modulating certain lipid metabolic pathways, sesamin has probably disrupted the body growth and development of organs and tissues in early juvenile barramundi.     

Sesamin attenuates intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression in vitro in TNF‐α‐treated human aortic endothelial cells and in vivo in apolipoprotein‐E‐deficient mice

Sesame lignans have antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. We focused on the effects of the lignans sesamin and sesamol on the expression of endothelial‐leukocyte adhesion molecules in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). When HAECs were pretreated with sesamin (10 or 100 μM), the TNF‐α‐induced expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) was significantly reduced (35 or 70% decrease, respectively) by Western blotting. Sesamol was less effective at inhibiting ICAM‐1 expression (30% decrease at 100 μM). Sesamin and sesamol reduced the marked TNF‐α‐induced increase in human antigen R (HuR) translocation and the interaction between HuR and the 3'UTR of ICAM‐1 mRNA. Both significantly reduced the binding of monocytes to TNF‐α‐stimulated HAECs. Sesamin significantly attenuated TNF‐α‐induced ICAM‐1 expression and cell adhesion by downregulation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and p38. Furthermore, in vivo, sesamin attenuated intimal thickening and ICAM‐1 expression seen in aortas of apolipoprotein‐E‐deficient mice. Taken together, these data suggest that sesamin inhibits TNF‐α‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/p38 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65, cytoplasmic translocalization of HuR and thereby suppresses ICAM‐1 expression, resulting in reduced adhesion of leukocytes. These results also suggest that sesamin may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses.     

Extraction of sesamin from sesame oil using macroporous resin

Sesamin is drawing research attention, due to its effects on the various body regulators. Currently there are two methods employed to separate sesamin: solvent extraction and steam stripping, but both methods have disadvantages in large-scale manufacturing systems. An innovative method for sesamin extraction from sesame oil has been unveiled in this paper, which employs macroporous resin as an adsorbing surface. The final product, sesamin crystal, has been obtained by crystallization of the desorption product. The concentration of sesamin in the desorption product was 9.7%, nearly 20-fold greater than in the starting sesame oil. After further refining, the concentration of sesamin in the final crystalline product reaches 76%. The procedure described in this paper demonstrates that a high concentration of sesamin can be obtained by employing resin adsorption.     

芝麻素在芝麻种子亚细胞结构中的分布

芝麻素等木脂素是芝麻种子中一种重要的天然抗氧化剂,具有多种生理活性功能。阐明芝麻素在芝麻种子亚细胞结构中的分布,对于芝麻深加工,尤其是芝麻素的提取和利用具有重要意义。芝麻素为脂溶性成分,故以芝麻脂质主要存在状态——油体作为主要研究对象。结果表明：芝麻中约95%的芝麻素和约95%的脂质分布在油体中,而其余部分则分布在内质网等膜结构中,显示了芝麻素和脂质之间有极规律的量化关系;碱洗对油体的芝麻素含量影响不大,而尿素则可一定程度溶出油体中的芝麻素;高速剪切可破坏油体微结构,导致芝麻素释放,而石磨制浆可极大程度保护油体微结构。     

芝麻油中芝麻素、芝麻林素的研究

本文利用高效液相色谱测定不同芝麻样本提取油以及市购芝麻油中芝麻素、芝麻林素的含量。色谱柱为HibarRT250-4(C18,250mm×4.6mm,填充粒度5μm);流动相:甲醇:水=75:25(V/V);流速:1ml/min;检测波长:280nm。测定结果表明:被测两峰完全分离,且峰形较好,线性范围10～100μg/ml,芝麻素、芝麻林素平均回收率分别为101.1%、100.2%重现性(n=5)分别为芝麻素RSD=2.31%、芝麻林素的RSD=3.05%,最低检出限:芝麻素为1.5μg/ml,芝麻林素为2.5μg/ml(以进量浓度计)。油样中芝麻素的含量范围为0.35%～0.72%、芝麻林素的含量范围为0.32%～0.48%,制油工艺中焙炒工序强度对芝麻林素含量变化具有一定影响。     

磷脂对肥胖诱导肾损伤保护作用的研究进展

近几年来, 中国人群尤其是儿童肥胖的发生率明显上升, 随之肥胖导致的肾病引起越来越多关注, 也对其发病机制、病理特点、防治等进行了较深入的研究。除了药物疗法及形成健康的生活方式, 功能食品营养因子在缓解或防治慢性肾脏病方面也有一定应用, 尤其功能性油脂磷脂, 其具有特殊的生理功能, 作为构成所有细胞膜的基本成分, 与肾脏病相关病理活动有一定联系。本文对肥胖性肾损伤的发病机制及磷脂结构功能进行概述, 综述了磷脂对肥胖导致肾损伤的保护作用的研究, 为开发针对肥胖引起的肾功能损伤的膳食补充剂或功能性食品提供了理论基础。     

Suppression of ochratoxin biosynthesis by naturally occurring alkaloids

The effects of four alkaloids on the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB) and citrinin were examined on four OTA-producing aspergilli: Aspergillus auricomus, A. sclerotiorum and two isolates of A. alliaceus. Piperine and piperlongumine, natural alkaloids of Piper longum, significantly inhibited OTA production at 0.001% (w/v) for all aspergilli examined. Piperine and piperlongumine affected the polyketide synthesis step of OTA production and inhibited production of citrinin. Curcumin, a constituent of tumeric, completely inhibited mycelial growth of A. alliaceus isolate 791 at 0.1% (w/v) and decreased OTA production by ∼70% at 0.01% (w/v). Sesamin, a constituent of sesame oil, inhibited OTA and OTB production by 60 and 45%, respectively, at 0.1% (w/v), showing its effect was on chloroperoxidase and polyketide synthase activity. The potential advantage of these natural products to reduce ochratoxin contamination of agricultural commodities is discussed.     

植物多糖对肾损伤干预效果及作用机制研究进展

植物多糖作为一种食物来源,往往以膳食纤维的形式对人体产生有益的影响,有效抗肾脏损伤是其重要的作用之一。目前对于肾脏病的预防与治疗主要以药物为主,对于保健品、功能性食品等辅助治疗肾脏病的研究报道较少。该文从食品角度简述了植物多糖对糖尿病肾损伤、缺血再灌注肾损伤、重金属肾损伤、化学性肾损伤和药物性肾损伤的干预效果,并从直接和间接两个方面着重探讨了多糖发挥抗肾损伤的作用机制,进一步对植物多糖抗肾损伤的研究方向进行展望,以期为研发干预肾损伤的功能性食品提供参考。