平面各向异性羰基铁/ 铁氧体复合吸波材料的设计

研究了平面各向异性羰基铁/ 石蜡、铁氧体/ 石蜡同轴样品的介电常数与磁导率频谱特性,制备了平面各向异性羰基铁与铁氧体不同配比的石蜡同轴样品,并测试了样品的电磁频谱,发现以适当配比对二者进行复合后,可以发挥各自的优点。以环氧树脂-聚酰胺固化剂体系为基,按铁氧体和平面各向异性羰基铁的体积分数均为10%制备了厚1. 3 mm 的单层平板吸波材料,测试了其在8 ~18 GHz 频段内的反射损耗曲线,其最小反射值达到了-19. 7 dB,小于-10 dB 的带宽达到8 GHz。     

海洋苛刻环境服役的CIPs/EP吸波防腐功能材料

目的 制备兼具吸波与耐腐蚀性能的复合材料。方法 使用KH560对羰基铁粉进行改性,在此基础上分别制备羰基铁粉体积分数为0%、15%、20%、25%的复合材料。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）等测试技术对所制备复合材料的微观特征和电磁性能进行分析对比。研究不同羰基铁（CIP）的体积占比与复合材料电磁波吸收性能和防腐蚀性能之间的关系。结果 通过KH560改性后的羰基铁与环氧树脂混合均匀,形成了紧密的网络结构。羰基铁粉为片状,长度为3～10μm。当羰基铁粉的体积分数为20%时,样品的吸波性能和防腐性能较好,综合性能相对最佳。所制备的样品在较宽范围内均拥有良好的吸波性能,在厚度2 mm时反射损耗小于-10 dB的有效带宽达到了4.2 GHz,在8.5 GHz左右时达到了最小反射损耗值（-42.5 dB）。样品在酸和盐的环境下进行7 d加速腐蚀实验后吸波性能未明显降低,这显示了其良好的耐腐蚀特性。结论 将吸波性能优良的羰基铁粉与耐腐蚀性能优异的环氧树脂进行复合,通过调控片状羰基铁粉的体积占比提高了材料的磁导率和介电常数,实现了良...     

脲醛树脂包覆对片状羰基铁粉电磁吸波性能的影响

目的 提高片状羰基铁粉（FCI）的吸波性能。方法 采用原位聚合法制备脲醛树脂（UF）包覆片状羰基铁粉核壳复合粒子。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分别对试验前后样品的微观形貌和物相组分进行表征。采用矢量网络分析仪对处理前后片状羰基铁粉在0.5～18 GHz频率范围内的电磁参数进行测试,基于传输线理论对其反射损耗曲线进行拟合分析。结果 微观形貌及X射线衍射谱结果表明,成功合成了脲醛树脂包覆片状羰基铁粉复合粒子（FCI@UF）。对测得的电磁参数进行分析,与原始片状羰基铁粉相比,包覆后铁粉介电常数和磁导率的实部、虚部均呈下降趋势,电磁波衰减能力减弱,与空气的阻抗匹配能力增强。反射损耗曲线图中,包覆后铁粉能有效吸收频带变宽（以反射损耗小于-10dB的带宽作为有效吸收频带）,由3.15 GHz变为4.38 GHz,在13.84 GHz时有最小反射损耗（-20.64 dB）,最小反射损耗向高频移动,最小值降低率达41.38%。结论 使用脲醛树脂对片状羰基铁粉进行包覆,制备了综合吸波性能更具优势的FCI@UF复合粒子,有效提高了片状羰基铁粉的吸波性能。     

纳米铁纤维与羰基铁粉共混制备轻质宽带吸波涂层材料

为降低羰基铁粉吸波剂的密度、提高介电常数,采用轻质、高介电常数的纳米铁纤维与羰基铁粉共混,制备了轻质宽带吸波涂层.研究了纳米铁纤维含量对复合吸波剂微波电磁与吸收特性的影响.结果表明,随纳米铁纤维含量的提高,复合吸波剂的介电常数和磁导率增大.当复合吸波剂中纳米铁纤维含量(质量分数)为2.2%-4.4%时,吸波涂层有更低的面密度和更宽的有效带宽,这是由于在一定范围内提高介电常数,可以改善吸波涂层的匹配吸收特性.     

高能球磨法制备片状羰基铁及其电磁性能研究

采用高能球磨法进行片状羰基铁的制备,研究了行星式球磨机不同转速和不同球磨时间对羰基铁形状和微波电磁性能的影响.结果表明:在球磨转速为200 r/min,羰基铁开始逐渐出现片状结构;随着球磨时间的延长,羰基铁片状化程度逐渐提高,微波电磁性能也逐渐改善;随着转速的增大,片状羰基铁的宽厚比增大,但同时出现了大量细碎颗粒,磁性能反而发生恶化.球磨转速为200 r/min,研磨16h的片状羰基铁制得的微波吸收材料在4～18 GHz频段的反射率小于-10dB的带宽为7.5 GHz,最大反射率-29 dB.     

橡胶基复合吸波贴片的电磁性能研究

制备了一系列炭黑/羰基铁/硅橡胶复合吸波材料,研究了炭黑含量对羰基铁/硅橡胶电磁性能的变化规律.用同轴线法测试了炭黑和羰基铁在2～18 GHz的电磁参数.对复合材料的导电性能、吸波性能及屏蔽性能进行了测试,对其各项性能的变化规律进行了总结.研究发现,在羰基铁与硅橡胶质量比固定在50:100(即50 phr)时,随着炭黑含量的增加,各项性能都呈现出增强的趋势,但当炭黑质量与硅橡胶的质量比达到70:100后(即70 phr),再增加炭黑的加入量,各项性能几乎没有改变.另还对导电、吸波以及屏蔽性能的关系进行了分析.     

基于超材料设计的羰基铁低频复合吸波涂层研究

为获得低频宽带吸波材料,本文采用共沉淀和原位聚合技术制备了羰基铁/CoFe₂O₄/PANI三元复合材料,并以此为介质层,借鉴超材料思想,设计了一种基于超材料结构的羰基铁复合吸波涂层,改善了低频吸波性能。分析了超材料的结构设计对羰基铁/CoFe₂O₄/PANI涂层吸波性能的影响,并对赋予超材料结构后的复合涂层的吸波机理进行了研究和讨论。通过仿真优化发现,在电阻膜方阻值为10mΩ/□和镂空十字电阻膜图案尺寸达到最佳时,在相同厚度下赋予超材料结构后的复合涂层具有比单一羰基铁涂层更宽的吸收频带以及更低的吸收频率,在3.8-6.9GHz频段内反射率均小于-10dB。研究表明,将超材料结构融入到羰基铁涂层性能改进中,能够有效提升其低频吸波性能。     

Co含量对MOFs衍生的片状Co/C复合材料吸波性能的影响

金属有机骨架(MOFs)衍生的磁性金属/碳复合材料在轻质吸波材料领域展现出巨大的潜力。以二维片状结构Co/Zn双金属MOFs为前驱体通过高温热解合成片状Co/C复合材料,系统研究了前驱体中Co/Zn摩尔比对复合材料形貌结构、石墨化程度、磁性能和吸波性能的影响。结果表明：金属Co纳米微粒在碳骨架中均匀分布,随着Co含量的减少,复合材料中碳组分的石墨化程度逐渐降低,铁磁特性逐渐减弱;片状Co/C复合材料的吸波性能随着Co含量的降低先增强后减弱,填充比例为30 wt%、Co/Zn摩尔比为4:1时片状Co/C复合材料具有最佳吸波性能,厚度为2.11 mm时在10.8 GHz处最小反射率为-23.09 dB,最大有效带宽(反射率小于-10 dB)在厚度为1.62 mm时达到4.96 GHz。复合材料良好的吸波性能是由于均匀分布的磁性Co纳米粒子和碳骨架的协同作用,在增强电磁波导电损耗和界面极化损耗的同时,改善了阻抗匹配性能。     

用于ETC系统的羰基铁粉二氧化钛复合吸波材料

将羰基铁粉和二氧化钛与橡胶混合,采用压延法制备了应用在工作频率为5.8GHz的电子不停车收费系统(ETC)中的吸波材料,运用矢量网络分析仪测试了材料的复磁导率与复介电常数在2.0~18.0GHz范围的频谱特性,并在微波暗室内测试了材料的反射率。结果表明,Fe与TiO2在7∶3质量比混合下性能最佳,实验探讨了样品厚度对材料吸波特性的影响,确定厚度在1.7mm时,材料吸收峰值位于ETC所工作的5.8GHz频率,实验测试了材料在电磁波从不同角度入射条件下的反射率,垂直入射情况下效果最佳,可达-30dB。     

片状Fe-10%Co合金磁粉的SiO_2包覆改性与电磁性能研究

采用球磨方法制备片状Fe-10%(质量分数)Co合金磁粉,并使用溶胶-凝胶法对其进行多次包覆处理,测试分析包覆样品的电磁性能和反射损耗。结果表明,片状合金磁粉经过包覆后,其微波电磁参数间的比例以及吸波性能得到明显改善;随着包覆次数增加,SiO2包覆层厚度逐渐增大,样品的复介电常数和复磁导率均逐渐减小,但复磁导率减小幅度不大,反射损耗峰值逐渐降低、对应频率移向高频,吸波能力逐渐增强,但包覆次数过多不利于其阻抗匹配,且会使其电磁波衰减能力过弱,导致吸波性能反而下降。     

钴-铁沉积碳化硅颗粒及其吸波性能

目的提高碳化硅微粒的微波吸收性能。方法利用改进的化学镀法,以硫酸钴和硫酸亚铁为主盐,次亚磷酸钠为还原剂,施镀温度为50℃,使用机械搅拌和超声分散相结合的方法,在预处理后的微米碳化硅颗粒表面沉积钴铁合金。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对化学镀前后材料的结晶状态、组成成分和形貌特征进行了表征;利用矢量网络分析仪对化学镀前后材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的电磁性能进行了测试,并通过计算得到了材料微波反射率损耗。结果钴铁合金呈微球状均匀沉积在碳化硅表面,有效地改善了碳化硅材料的电磁性能和微波吸收性能。碳化硅的介电常数虚部存在界面极化和缺陷极化两个弛豫峰(9.1、13.8 GHz),而沉积钴铁合金后,碳化硅材料Co-Fe/SiC增加了两个弛豫峰:介电弛豫峰(11.7 GHz)和磁弛豫峰(12.6 GHz)。正是由于Co-Fe合金对微波信号的介电弛豫和磁弛豫,有效提升了材料的吸波性能。当吸波层厚度为2.4 mm时,反射率在10 dB以上的吸收带宽达到3.8 GHz,20 dB带宽可以达到1.5 GHz。当吸波层厚度为2.3 mm时,频率为12.7 GHz时达到最大吸收峰值–43 dB。结论在碳化硅材料表面沉积钴铁合金是一种有效改进材料微波吸收性能的方法,且该材料是一种高效、宽频的微波吸收材料。     

异形SiC纤维/羰基铁粉复合纤维束吸波性能

通过对三叶形和三折叶形SiC纤维束上浆剂中添加羰基铁粉,改变纤维的磁导率,优化异形SiC纤维材料的吸波性能,改善后三叶形SiC纤维/羰基铁粉反射率衰减大于5dB的频宽增大了1.6GHz,大于10dB的频宽增大了2.48GHz;三折叶形SiC纤维/羰基铁粉反射率衰减大于5dB的频宽增大了1.28GHz,大于10dB的频宽增大了1.52GHz。     

The influence of magnetic and dielectric loss on the noise absorption of iron particles-rubber composites attached to a microstrip line

Magnetic and dielectric loss are systematically controlled by using iron flake powders with various initial sizes (7 μm and 70 μm) as the absorbent fillers in the rubber matrix, and their noise absorbing characteristics have been investigated as a function of frequency and sheet thickness. Flake iron particles were prepared by the mechanical forging of spherical powders using an attrition mill. Composite sheets (thickness=0.2 mm-1.0 mm) were prepared with a mixture of iron particles and silicone rubber. Attaching the composite sheets to a microstrip line of 50 Ω, a network analyzer was used to measure the reflection and transmission parameters (S₁₁ and S₂₁, respectively). A nearly constant value of S₁₁ (about −10 dB) was observed, irrespective of particle size. However, S₂₁ is strongly dependent upon initial particle size. For the composites of 7 μm particles (with high magnetic loss), S₂₁ is reduced below −20 dB in the frequency range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and the corresponding bandwidth of noise absorption is not so greatly diminished by reducing the sheet thickness as low as 0.2 mm. For the composites of 70 μm particles (with high dielectric loss), however, the bandwidth is greatly reduced with a decrease in sheet thickness. It is concluded that the attenuation of conduction noise through the microstrip line is primarily controlled by the magnetic loss of the iron particles due to strong magnetic field around the microstrip line.     

Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties of Double-Layer Absorbers Based on Spherical NiO and Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.4)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4 Ferrite Composites

Microwave absorption properties of spherical NiO particles and Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.4)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4(CNZF) ferrites with single-layer and double-layer absorbers were studied in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. The spherical NiO particles were synthesized by using a hydrothermal process, while the CNZF powders were prepared by using a sol–gel autoignition method. The double-layer absorbers, composed of 30 wt% NiO as matching layer and 30 wt% CNZF as absorption layer,with a total thickness of 3.2 mm, exhibited a maximum reflection loss(RL) of –67.0 d B at 9.2 GHz and an effective absorbing bandwidth below –10 d B to be 3.9 GHz from 7.0 to 10.9 GHz. The excellent microwave absorption performance of the double-layer absorbers should be ascribed to the high impedance matching ratio, the great microwave attenuation capability, and well-coupled layer.     

Structure and magnetic properties of Fe-based powders prepared by mechanical alloying

FeSiAlCr alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying, the milling time were 20 h, 40 h, 60 h and 80~h, respectively. Powders morphology was studied by SEM. Microstructure of powders milled for various times were analyzed by XRD. The complex permittivity and complex permeability of four powders were tested in the frequency range from 0.5 to 18 GHz, and their microwave absorption properties were analyzed. It was found that the particle size of powders milled for 80~h was less than 2μm. Silicon and aluminum atoms were dissolved into the crystal lattice of iron, and chromium atoms can form alloy with iron atoms. The minimum peak value of reflectivity can reach to -11.3 dB at the frequency of 4.3 GHz for 80 h milling powders, and the other one was -6 dB at 16.5 GHz.     

Effect of Critical Plasma Spray Parameters on Microstructure and Microwave Absorption Property of Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>SiC<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Cordierite Coatings

Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings with different critical plasma spray parameters (CPSP) were fabricated via atmospheric plasma spraying method. The microstructure and phase constitution of the as-sprayed Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings were characterized. The effects of CPSP conditions on the electromagnetic shielding, and dielectric and microwave absorption properties of coatings in the frequency of 8.2-12.4 GHz were also measured and investigated. The results showed that both real and imaginary part of the complex permittivity decrease with increasing CPSP values, which can be ascribed to the decomposition of some Ti₃SiC₂ into TiC. The calculated reflection loss of the as-sprayed Ti₃SiC₂/cordierite coatings with different CPSP conditions and thicknesses indicates that coatings with CPSP 0.3, 0.35, and 0.425 exhibit excellent microwave absorption property in the thickness of 1.5 mm. In order to broaden the bandwidth of the coatings, a double-layer coating system was designed. The calculated reflection loss results show that when the thickness of matching layer is 0.3 mm and the thickness of absorbing layer is 1.5 mm, the double-layer coating system shows a proper microwave absorption property with a minimum absorption value of ?17.37 dB at 9.67 GHz and a absorption bandwidth (RL less than ?5 dB) of 4.16 GHz in the investigated frequency.     

Enhanced electromagnetic characteristics of carbon nanotubes/carbonyl iron powders complex absorbers in 2-18 GHz ranges

The electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the carbon nanotubes/carbonyl iron powders (CNTs/CIPs) complex absorbers synthesized by mixing CNTs with CIPs were studied at 2-18 GHz, for the aim of the absorbing coating with thinness, lightness, width, and strength. Compared with CIPs, the CNTs/CIPs composites had higher electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric loss, which gradually increased with the increasing CNTs content (W_CNTs). Among them, with W_CNTs = 2.2 %, a reflection loss (R_L) exceeding −20 dB was obtained in the frequency range of 6.4-14.8 GHz for a coating thickness of 1.2-2.5 mm. Particularly, a minimum R_L of −33.3 dB was found at 11.2 GHz corresponding to a matching thickness of 1.5 mm. The excellent EM-wave absorption properties are a consequence of a proper EM matching and enhanced absorption abilities resulting from the addition of a small quantity of CNTs with high electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric loss. Thus, CNTs/CIPs complex absorbers may be promising candidates for EM-wave-absorption materials with strong-absorption, thin-thickness, light-weight, and low-cost.     

纺锤状ZnO/还原氧化石墨烯异质结构及其微波吸收性能

目的调节石墨烯的电磁匹配,以实现最优的微波吸收性能。方法通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯GO,以六水合硝酸锌、双六甲撑三胺、氧化石墨烯为原料,采用水热法在140℃获得了具有异质结构的包裹r-GO的纺锤状ZnO棒(S-ZnO/r-GO)。通过X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试,分别对S-ZnO/r-GO的组成成分、形貌特征以及微观结构进行了表征,同时采用同轴法,通过矢量网络分析仪测试分析了不同填充浓度下S-ZnO/r-GO复合材料在2~18 GHz范围内的电磁特性,并通过计算得到了材料的微波反射率损耗。结果尺寸均匀且相互交织的纺锤状ZnO棒被大量褶皱的还原氧化石墨烯所包覆,构建了一种相互连接的三维交织结构。纺锤状ZnO的引入以及三维结构的建立,明显改善了S-ZnO/r-GO异质结构在2~18 GHz频率范围内的电磁特性和微波响应。在厚度为2.0 mm,频率为14.8 GHz处,最大反射率损耗值达到−40 dB,有效吸收带宽几乎覆盖整个Ku波段。结论纺锤状ZnO/r-GO复合材料表现出优异的微波吸收性能和较宽的有效吸收频段,具有一定的应用前景。