营养

041 3 1 2　翅果油抗氧化作用的研究/黄　玲…∥卫生研究 2 0 0 2 ,3 1 ( 3 ) 1 72～1 74通过观察翅果油的抗氧化作用,为进一步开发利用翅果油提供科学参考。将40只2 4月龄的Wistar雄性大鼠,按体重随机分为A(对照组)、B(维生素E组)、C(翅果油组)、D(沙棘油组)。每组1 0只,分别喂予4种不同的饲料。2 8d后宰杀动物并测定一系列抗氧化指标。结果发现,饲料中添加翅果油、维生素E及沙棘油的大鼠机体内脂质过氧化作用降低,抗氧化能力增强,与对照组比较有显著差异。结果提示:翅果油抗氧化作用优于单纯维生素E ,略强于沙棘油的作用;翅果油可…     

翅果油对老龄鼠脂质过氧化的影响

翅果油树 (ｅｌａｅａｇｎｕｓｍｏｌｌｉｓｄｉｅｌｓ)是山西省新开发的一种优良木本油料树种。翅果油树种仁中维生素Ｅ(ＶＥ)含量高达 15 5 8 1ｍｇ/10 0ｇ ,约是花生油的 4 0倍[1] 。下面通过观察翅果油对老龄大鼠某些衰老生化指标的影响 ,探讨翅果油抗脂质过氧化的作用。1.材料与方法 :选用 2 2月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠 4 5只 ,用常备饲料喂养 1周后 ,按体重随机分为 3组 ,每组 15只。分别喂予普通饲料加色拉油 (ＶＥ ,2 4ｍｇ/ｋｇ)、普通饲料加ＶＥ(ＶＥ ,316ｍｇ/ｋｇ)及普通饲料加翅果油 (ＶＥ ,316ｍｇ/ｋｇ) 3种不同的饲料 ,动物…     

沙棘籽油对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎组织的保护作用及其机制

目的研究沙棘籽油对葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎组织损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法应用DSS制备大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型。24只雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照组,DSS模型组和沙棘籽油干预3组。从造模开始,沙棘籽油干预组用沙棘籽油连续灌胃,其余两组等量蒸馏水灌胃。4w后处死所有大鼠,观察大鼠结肠组织大体形态,并进行组织学评分。生化法检测大鼠血清和结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果与DSS模型组相比,沙棘籽油组结肠MPO活性,降低血清和结肠MDA含量明显降低,血清和结肠SOD、GSH-Px活性升高,大鼠溃疡性结肠炎大体形态明显改善和组织学评分降低。结论沙棘籽油对DSS诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎有明显保护作用,抗氧化损伤可能是其作用机制。[营养学报,2012,34(4):349-352]     

沙棘籽油和硒强化沙棘籽油对大鼠红细胞膜Na-K-ATP酶活性的影响

3个月龄Wistar大鼠33只,按体重随机分成3组,分别喂以基础(VE5.23mg％,Se 0.20ppm)、沙棘籽油(VE15.71mg％,Se 0.20ppm)和硒强化沙棘籽油(VE 15.71mg％,Se 2.0ppm)三种不同的半合成饲料。8周后宰杀动物并测定有关指标。结果表明,大鼠红细胞膜上Na-K-ATP~(-1)酶活性,沙棘籽油和硒强化组分别为0.2642±0.04与0.2865±0.04μmol Pi·mg prot~(-1)·h~(-1),均明显高于对照组(0.1484±0.02μmol Pi·mg prot~(-1)·h~(-1))(P<0.05),红细胞膜及肝组织中的LPO含量两实验组显著低于对照组,红细胞内及肝组织中的Se-GSH-P_X活性硒强化组都明显高于其它两组。实验提示:沙棘籽油和硒强化沙棘籽油维持正常大鼠红细胞膜功能的作用,可能是通过抑制其膜上脂质过氧化作用来实现的。     

沙棘籽油对四氯化碳肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究沙棘籽油对四氯化碳(CCl4)引起的大鼠化学性肝损伤的保护作用,探讨其对CCl4肝损伤起保护作用的有效剂量。方法实验用健康雄性成年SD大鼠(180~220 g)72只,随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组、CCl4模型对照组和3个沙棘籽油实验组(0.167,0.333和0.500 g/kg体重)。沙棘籽油以食用花生油稀释至所需浓度,灌胃给予动物(2 ml/kg体重),空白对照组给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,溶剂和模型对照组给予等体积花生油灌胃。于实验第45天将各组动物隔夜禁食16 h,模型组及受试样品组一次灌胃给予CCl4(200 mg/kg体重),24 h后处死动物,股动脉取血分离血清,测定血清ALT、AST水平,并取肝脏进行病理组织学检测。结果与CCl4模型对照组相比,沙棘籽油各剂量组大鼠血清ALT、AST均明显降低[(2 419±1 335),(2 832±1 074),(2 424±955),(4 396±3 026),(4 579±990),(5 106±1 479),(4 503±782),(21 861±14 291)nmol.s-1/L](P0.05);病理组织学检查结果显示,沙棘籽油高剂量组(0.500 g/kg体重)大鼠肝细胞水样变性和坏死程度以及总病变计分明显减轻(136.0±47.0vs288.0±70.0,P0.05),而中、低剂量组差异无统计学意义。结论沙棘籽油对CCl4造成的肝损伤具有明显保护作用,本实验中得出的有效剂量为0.500 g/kg体重。     

沙棘油对二氧化硫所致小鼠肺氧化损伤的防护效应

[目的 ]探讨抗氧化剂沙棘油对SO2 染毒小鼠肺组织中脂质过氧化物 (LPO)及抗氧化酶活性的影响。 [方法 ]昆明小鼠随机分成对照组、SO2 吸入组及干预组 (沙棘油 4个剂量组 ) ,检测实验小鼠肺组织中LPO和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 (GST)的活性。 [结果 ]与SO2 吸入组相比 ,干预组小鼠肺组织中LPO含量减少 ,GST活性提高。 [结论 ]抗氧化剂沙棘油对二氧化硫引起的肺氧化损伤有一定的拮抗作用     

月见草油对高脂大鼠血脂和脂质过氧化的影响

本实验通过宁夏产月见草油对大鼠机体血脂及脂质过氧化系统的影响 ,进一步探讨其延缓衰老的作用机理。1　材料与方法1 1　材料宁夏产月见草油 :由宁夏志诚食品有限公司提供。选择体重 3 0 0g左右的SD健康雄性大鼠 (由西安交通大学医学院动物中心提供 ,医动字 :0 8- 0 0 5号 ) 4 0只 ,以基础饲料适应性饲养一周。按大鼠体重随机分成 4组 ,每组 10只。正常对照组 (NC) :喂饲基础饲料 + 2 5ml (kg·d)NS灌胃 ;高脂对照组 (HFC) :喂饲高脂饲料 + 2 5ml (kg·d)NS灌胃 ;月见草油低剂量组 (LD) :喂饲高脂饲料 +月见草油 2 5ml (kg·d)灌…     

硒、锌对梭曼诱导大鼠过氧化损伤的保护机制研究

目的 :　研究梭曼 (Soman)对大鼠急性中毒的自由基损伤作用及硒、锌的抗氧化保护作用。方法 :　雄性大鼠 40只 ,按体重随机分为阴性组 (正常对照组 )、阳性组 (损伤对照组 )、硒组 (加硒保护组 )及锌组 (加锌保护组 )。测定指标有血清、大脑、肝脏的维生素 E(VE)、总抗氧化能力 (T- AOC)及一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)。结果 :　梭曼中毒后 ,T- AOC水平、VE含量明显下降 ,NOS活性显著提高 ;硒、锌组较阳性对照组损伤指标变化幅度较小。结果 :　梭曼中毒有明显的自由基损伤 ,硒、锌对梭曼中毒有显著的抗氧化作用。     

高水平维生素E对大鼠血脂、肝脂及肝脂质过氧化的作用

采用成年Wistar大鼠为实验动物,雌雄各半。1组为基础饲料对照组,2组为高脂饲料对照组,3、4、5组分别以维生素E30、60、120mg/d灌胃,同时喂饲高脂饲料。实验8周后停止灌胃并改饲基础饲料5周至实验结束。 研究表明:1.高水平维生素E(60和120mg/d)对高脂饲料诱导的大鼠肝实质细胞中性脂肪蓄积及肝脏(体内)脂质过氧化的增加均有明显抑制作用。2.高水平维生素E(30、60和120mg/d)无明显降低大鼠血清胆固醇、甘油三酯及增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用。大鼠血清维生素E与胆固醇水平呈正相关关系,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无明显相关。提示维生素E可能并无抑制高脂血症的作用。3.喂饲高脂饲料时雌鼠血清胆固醇的反应比雄鼠敏感,维生素E灌胃时雌鼠血清维生素E的反应比雄鼠敏感,提示存在性别差异。     

翅果油胶囊对高脂血症患者血脂影响的观察

目的 探讨翅果油胶囊对高脂血症患者血脂的影响及不良反应.方法 选择2011年1月至8月在我科健康查体发现的高脂血症患者216例,随机分为翅果油组108例和对照组108例.翅果油组给予翅果油胶囊2 g(1 g/粒),口服,3次/d.对照组未给予任何调脂药物治疗.12周后,检测三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平.结果 2组患者治疗前TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较,差异无明显统计学意义;治疗12周后,翅果油组TG( 1.60±0.75 vs 2.20±0.85 )mmol/L、TC (4.26±1.20 vs 6.35±0.63 )mmol/L和LDL-C(2.20±0.69 vs 3.75±0.63)mmol/L水平较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HDL-C水平(1.20±0.60 vs 1.12±0.50)mmol/L较治疗前略有升高,差异无统计学意义.翅果油组TG总有效率为66.67％;TC总有效率为74.07％;LDL-C总有效率为80.56％.对照组12周前后血脂各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义.翅果油组不良反应为:4例胃部不适,1例头晕失眠,均可耐受;肝、肾功能检测指标未见异常改变.结论 翅果油胶囊对高脂血症患者血脂具有明显的调节作用,且安全性和耐受性良好.     

桑蚕蛹油对大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的 :　观察桑蚕蛹油以及添加维生素 E(VE)对大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法 :　雄性成年 Wistar大鼠 5 0只 ,按血脂水平分为 5组 :正常对照组、高脂对照组、桑蚕蛹油组、桑蚕蛹油 +VE组及红花油组 ,分别喂饲各组饲料。 6w后 ,测血脂水平和相关指标。结果 :　 (1 )实验 3 w末 ,桑蚕蛹油组大鼠血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)水平均显著低于高脂对照组 ,与红花油组间无显著性差异意义 ,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C)水平显著高于红花油组 ,致动脉粥样硬化指数 (AI)显著低于红花油组 ,这些变化一直持续至 6w末实验结束。 (2 )桑蚕蛹油组大鼠血清卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶 (LCAT)活性显著高于高脂对照组和红花油组。(3 )桑蚕蛹油组大鼠肝脏 TG水平、肝脏指数显著低于高脂对照组 ,与红花油组之间无显著性差异意义 ,而肝脏 TC水平显著低于红花油组。 (4 )桑蚕蛹油 +VE组大鼠血清 VE水平显著升高 ,过氧化脂质 (MDA)水平显著降低 ,并且血清 TC、LDL-C水平显著低于桑蚕蛹油组。结论 :　富含 α-亚麻酸的桑蚕蛹油在降脂方面比红花油更有效 ,加入 VE后可有效抑制脂质过氧化反应 ,并较未加VE者具有更强的降低胆固醇作用。     

沙棘油和维生素E对冷暴露大鼠脂质过氧化作用的影响

大鼠低温暴露后血及肝脏组织中ＬＰＯ含量显著升高，ＧＳＨ一Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ活性明显下降；透射电镜下观察，肝线粒体明显肿胀，嵴断裂，结构不清甚至消失，基质电子密度降低。饲料中加入一定量的ＶＥ或沙棘油均可使上述指标的变化明显改善，接近于室温下正常对照组水平。沙棘油的改善效果优于同等剂量的ＶＥ。表明：沙棘油和ＶＢ可通过其抗脂质过氧化作用，提高机体的耐寒力。     

火麻油、山茶油和维生素E混合物对大小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的 研究火麻油、山茶油和维生素E混合物的抗氧化作用。 方法 采用老龄大小鼠模型、乙醇氧化损伤大鼠模型,观察实验动物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、还原性谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、蛋白质羰基含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力水平。 结果 火麻油、山茶油和维生素E混合物可提高老龄大鼠GSH含量、SOD和GSH-Px活力,降低蛋白质羰基含量;火麻油、山茶油和维生素E混合物可提高老龄小鼠及乙醇氧化损伤模型大鼠GSH含量、SOD活力,并降低MDA含量。 结论 火麻油、山茶油和维生素E混合物具有较强的抗氧化作用。     

亮丙瑞林、维生素E对顺铂所致大鼠生殖毒性保护及血清抑制素B变化的研究

目的:探讨亮丙瑞林、维生素E对顺铂所致大鼠子宫、卵巢毒性保护,及测定抑制素B对卵巢储备功能预测的价值。方法:选用清洁级、12周龄雌性SD大鼠64只,体重(270±20)g,随机分为A、B、C、D4组(每组16只),A组为正常对照组,B组为顺铂组,C组为抑那通(GnRHa类药物)+顺铂组,D组为维生素E(自由基清除剂)+顺铂组。A组给予生理盐水2mg/d腹腔注射,连续10天;B组给予顺铂2mg/(kg.d)腹腔注射,连续10天;C组给予亮丙瑞林0.25mg/只1皮下注射,期间持续观察性周期10天,待全部处于间情期,即第11天给予顺铂2mg/(kg.d),连续10天,D组给予维生素E50mg/(kg.d),胃灌注同时腹腔注射顺铂2mg/(kg.d),连续10天。用药结束后当天及用药结束后30天雌鼠分别各组处死8只,经心脏采血,测血清抑制素B水平、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平,摘除双侧卵巢在光镜下进行形态学病理学观察,进行各级卵泡计数。结果:用药结束后当天:B组与其他各组比较,各级卵泡数目,抑制素B水平均明显降低,FSH水平升高,且卵巢伴有间质纤维化、坏死;C组原始卵泡数量明显多于B组;D组各级卵泡数量均减少,但多于B组(P0.05),出血、坏死现象较B组减轻,两组抑制素B水平与A组相比降低但高于B组,C组FSH水平降低。用药结束后30天:B组、D组各级卵泡数量均减少,但多于用药结束后当天(P0.05),有成熟卵泡发育;各组抑制素B水平比用药结束后当天均升高,但同组相比B组最低(P0.05),FSH水平未见明显差异。结论:①顺铂分别与亮丙瑞林、维生素E的联合应用对预防化疗所致的大鼠卵巢损伤有一定的保护作用。②血清抑制素B水平下降是反映卵巢储备功能下降的直接指标,较FSH水平升高更早期、更敏感。     

Suppression of oxidative stress by grape seed supplementation in rats

Polyphenol-rich grape seeds have a beneficial effect on human health. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of grape seeds on antioxidant activities in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control diet group (C), a high-fat diet group (HF), a 5% grape seed-supplemented control diet group (G), and a 5% grape seed-supplemented high-fat diet group (HG). Dietary supplementation with grape seeds reduced serum concentrations of lipid peroxides compared with those in the C and HF groups. The hepatic level of lipid peroxides decreased significantly in the grape seed groups compared with that in the C and HF groups. Superoxide dismutase activity in the G group increased significantly compared with that in the C group. Catalase activity tended to be higher by feeding grape seeds. The grape seed diet increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the C group. Glutathione-S-transferase activity increased significantly in the G group compared with that in the C group. Hepatic content of total glutathione increased significantly in the HG group but decreased significantly in the HF group. The ratio of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione increased by feeding the grape seed diet. Total vitamin A concentration was significantly higher in HG group than in other groups. Liver tocopherol content of the G and HG groups was significantly higher than that of the control groups. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with grape seeds is beneficial for suppressing lipid peroxidation in high fat-fed rats.     

Protective effects of oil of Sardinella pilchardis against subacute chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in female rats

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Sardinella pilchardis oil and vitamin E against chlorpyrifos- (CPF-) induced liver, kidney, and brain oxidative damage in female rats. The rats were divided into 6 experimental groups: the control group, the group treated with fish oil, the group that received fish oil for 2 weeks and CPF orally for 7 days, the group treated only with CPF, the group treated with vitamin E for 2 weeks and CPF for 7 days, and the group treated with vitamin E. Oral exposure to CPF induced a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters; hepatic, kidney, and brain LPO; and a decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Fish oil or vitamin E decreased significantly the mentioned biochemical parameters as compared to rats treated with CPF alone. This study suggests that fish oil has an ameliorative effect for the alleviation of the oxidative damage induced by CPF.     

耐力运动及维生素E对大鼠心血管系统若干指标影响的实验研究

目的耐力运动具有促进心血管系统健康和增强抗氧化系统的重要作用,本研究探讨耐力训练和抗氧化剂干预对大鼠心血管系统若干指标的影响。方法48只SD大鼠随机分为六组,安静对照组Ⅰ(A,n=8)、安静对照组Ⅱ(B,n=8)、安静补VE对照组I(C,n=8)、安静补VE对照组Ⅱ(D,n=8)、耐力训练不补VE组(E,n=8)、耐力训练补VE组(F,n=8),进行4周耐力运动每周六天(60分钟/天)负重游泳。采用透射电镜观察心肌组织的超微结构,同时检测血清中的肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度和一氧化氮合成酶的活性。结果急性力竭运动的应激可引起大鼠心肌细胞形态特征结构变化,耐力运动及补充VE对大鼠血清NOS活性、TNF-α浓度的影响有差异。研究表明运动与抗氧化剂干预可以有效增强机体应激能力,可能与血液中TNF-α以及NOS活性的调节有关。结论耐力运动和维生素E干预对一次性大强度运动引起的心肌损伤具有保护作用。     

Antioxidant supplementation with or without B-group vitamins after acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that there is a rapid increase in the production of markers of oxidative damage immediately after acute ischemic stroke and that endogenous antioxidant defenses are rapidly depleted, thus permitting further tissue damage. Several studies point to an antioxidant effect of B-group vitamins and a pro-oxidant effect of elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy). METHODS: To test whether supplementary antioxidants with or without B-group vitamins during this critical period enhance antioxidant capacity or mitigate oxidative damage, ninety-six acute ischemic stroke patients within 12 hours of symptom onset were randomly assigned to receive either daily oral 800 IU (727 mg) vitamin E and 500 mg vitamin C (n = 24), or B-group vitamins (5 mg folic acid, 5 mg vitamin B(2), 50 mg vitamin B(6), and 0.4 mg of vitamin B(12); n = 24), both vitamins together (n = 24), or no supplementation (n = 24) for 14 days. Treatment groups and controls were matched for stroke subtype and age. Blood was obtained before treatment, at day 7, and day 14 for measurements of plasma or blood vitamin status, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tHcy and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and B-group vitamins separately or together significantly increased the plasma concentration of vitamin C, E, pyridoxal phosphate (B(6) status), red blood cell folate, and improved a measure of B(2) status (red cell glutathione reductase activation coefficient [EGRAC]), compared with the control group. Plasma TAOC increased significantly in the antioxidant treatment groups compared with the nonsignificant decline seen in the control group. tHcy concentrations decreased in subjects who received B-group vitamins and the control group compared with the rise seen in those who received antioxidants alone. There was a significant reduction in plasma MDA concentration in the 3 treatment groups, in contrast to the increase seen in the control group; however, the changes were most evident in antioxidant groups. CRP concentrations (a marker of tissue inflammation) were significantly lower in the 3 treatment groups compared with the control group. There were no additive or synergistic effects of antioxidants and B-group vitamins together on any outcome measure. CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidants supplementation with or without B-group vitamins enhances antioxidant capacity, mitigates oxidative damage, and may have an anti-inflammatory effect immediately postinfarct in stroke disease.     

Excess dietary vitamin E lowers the activities of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes of rats fed salmon oil

In vitro studies suggest that high vitamin E supplementation has prooxidative activity, but very few studies have investigated this effect in vivo. We investigated the effect of excess vitamin E on the antioxidative status of rat erythrocytes and indicators of hemolysis. Six groups of growing male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets with three different vitamin E doses [100, 1000 and 10,000 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TA)/kg diet] and two different dietary fats (salmon oil and lard) for 8 wk. The rats whose diet contained salmon oil and 10,000 mg TA/kg had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05), catalase (P < 0.05) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) and a lower concentration of glutathione (P < 0.05) in the erythrocyte cytosol than rats whose diet contained 100 mg TA/kg. The concentration of free hemoglobin and the binding capacity of haptoglobin in plasma, both indicators of in vivo hemolysis, did not differ between rats fed the salmon oil diet with 100 or 10,000 mg TA/kg. In the rats whose diet contained lard, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and indicators of in vivo hemolysis were independent of the dietary vitamin E concentration. The results of the study suggest that an excessive vitamin E intake, when combined with salmon oil in the diet, lowers the activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes without affecting in vivo hemolysis.