不同添加量产胞外多糖荞麦酸面团对面包烘焙和老化特性的影响

正研究不同添加量的产EPS荞麦酸面团对面包烘焙和老化特性的影响。方法:应用分离自酒曲中的产胞外多糖食窦魏斯氏菌T5发酵荞麦粉制成产胞外多糖荞麦酸面团和不产胞外多糖荞麦酸面团,比较2种酸面团的添加量对面包烘焙和老化特性的影响。结果:食窦魏斯氏菌T5在添加蔗糖的条件下,发酵荞麦酸面团产生EPS的含量为9.36 g/kg;含有     

产乳化活性多糖乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵荞麦酸面团、面包的特性

本研究从不同来源的原料中分离得到18株具有产胞外多糖(EPS)能力的乳酸菌,通过对比发酵液及乳酸菌荞麦酸面团的乳化活性,获得一株产EPS且乳化活性较高的乳酸菌,并应用于荞麦酸面团的制作。采用动态流变测定、激光共聚焦观察、质构分析等手段,研究其对荞麦酸面团面包烘焙学特性的影响。结果表明:优选产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌YC'-22经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum strain HBUAS54017),且同源性为100%,EPS产量为1.63 g/L。通过添加乳酸菌荞麦酸面团,使面包面团的面筋网络结构得到强化。相比空白面包(CB),添加1.0%阿拉伯胶的荞麦面包(AGB)、荞麦酸面团面包(SDB)的比容分别增加了12.42%和14.08%,硬度分别降低了13.90%和22.87%;其中SDB面包整体可接受度最高,改善效果最明显。因此,产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌发酵的荞麦酸面团可以作为一种天然的面包功能配料。     

混菌发酵酸面团对全麦面包风味与烘焙特性的影响

将食窦魏斯氏菌和马克斯克鲁维酵母进行混菌发酵,测定菌株生长曲线研究两菌种的共生作用,分析发酵24h后纤维素酶活力以及胞外多糖(EPS)产量,比较混菌发酵全麦面包与单菌发酵全麦面包烘焙与风味特性的差异。结果表明,相比于单菌发酵酸面团的菌落总数[乳酸菌9.51lg(CFU/g),酵母菌8.21lg(CFU/g)],混菌发酵酸面团体系(MBF)中的乳酸菌与酵母菌菌落数分别达到9.61,8.09lg (CFU/g),说明两株菌具有良好的共生关系。相比于单一乳酸菌发酵,含有马克斯克鲁维酵母的混菌发酵酸面团中纤维素酶活力增加,胞外β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活为13.59U/g,提高了128.40%。发酵24h后,体系中水溶性的阿拉伯木聚糖含量从0.77g/100g上升至1.89g/100g。此外,相比于其他两组单菌发酵的全麦酸面团,混菌发酵全麦酸面团产EPS能力最高,为7.54g/kg。相比未添加酸面团的全麦面包,含有混菌发酵全麦酸面团的面包(MBB)比容、弹性显著提高(P0.05),面包芯硬度下降,混菌发酵全麦面包比容显著增加。风味特性结果表明,混菌发酵全麦面包的风味强度明显高于单一乳酸菌发酵,赋予全麦面包更浓郁的酒香和果香,感官评定证实其整体可接受度更高。     

乳酸菌发酵米粉酸面团生化特性及其对馒头蒸制特性的影响

采用产胞外多糖(exopolysaccharide,EPS)的融合魏斯氏菌(Weissella confusa)J28制备高产EPS和低产EPS的米粉酸面团,通过生化分析、动态流变测试、质构分析和感官评定等方法,比较2种酸面团对馒头面团流变性、馒头微结构以及蒸制特性的影响。结果表明:在添加蔗糖条件下,J28发酵米粉产生EPS达到11.12 g/kg;乳酸菌发酵产酸激活内源酶,米粉酸面团中淀粉酶活力先增大后减小,可溶性糖含量增加,产生大量的果糖和葡萄糖;蛋白质水解活性升高,大分子可溶性谷蛋白降解。以添加25%普通米粉的馒头面团为对照,酸面团馒头面团弹性模量和黏性模量降低,蛋白质弱化,添加高产EPS酸面团馒头面团更加柔软。与对照馒头相比,酸面团馒头比容显著增大(P0.05),硬度显著降低(P0.05),气孔更加均匀细腻。而添加高产EPS酸面团馒头比低产EPS酸面团馒头质构改良效果更明显,比容增大7.9%,硬度降低28.7%,感官评定得分更高,更加受到消费者欢迎。     

添加乳酸菌胞外多糖对面团流变特性的影响

将魏斯氏乳酸菌和短乳杆菌所产的胞外多糖提取、干燥后,以0.2%的量加入小麦粉,测定其粉质特性和拉伸特性,与空白小麦粉的流变特性对比,探究两种胞外多糖对面团粉质和拉伸流变特性的影响。结果表明,加入两种乳酸菌胞外多糖后可以改善面团的流变特性,增强面团吸水率,面团的弹性、筋力增强,持气特性也趋于更佳。魏斯氏菌胞外多糖可以增加面团的延伸性,而短乳杆菌胞外多糖可以减弱面团的延伸性,二者能够满足不同种类面制品的生产需求。     

融合魏斯氏菌和异常威克汉姆酵母混菌发酵荞麦酸面团馒头的香气物质特征

应用分离自我国酒鬼酒曲中的融合魏斯氏菌和梅兰春酒醅中的异常威克汉姆酵母进行混菌发酵,通过测定菌株生长曲线探索两株菌的共生作用,采用固相微萃取结合气质联用(SPME-GC-MS)和气相电子鼻技术,对比混菌发酵酸面团(MBF)和单菌发酵酸面团及其荞麦馒头风味化合物的差异性。结果表明,在MBF中乳酸菌、酵母菌菌落数分别达到9.38 log CFU/g、8.51 log CFU/g,两株菌具有良好的共生关系。发酵后荞麦酸面团的主要特征风味物质为乙醇、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、乙偶姻和异戊醇。与酵母菌单菌发酵荞麦酸面团馒头相比,混菌发酵馒头中酯类物质相对含量从5.27%提高到9.53%,结合ROAV分析,混菌发酵荞麦馒头的风味强度明显高于单一乳酸发酵和单一酵母发酵,赋予馒头更浓郁的酒香和果香,感官评定证实其整体可接受度高于其他组。     

不同发酵基质的酸面团对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响

应用分离自我国传统酸面团的区域特色乳酸菌--旧金山乳杆菌分别发酵小麦粉和小麦麸皮基质制成（小麦/麦麸）酸面团,研究了两种不同发酵基质的酸面团及其添加量对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响。结果表明：与小麦粉制作的空白组面包相比,小麦酸面团可以明显改善面包的比容和感官品质;添加未发酵麦麸制作的非酸面团麦麸面包品质低于空白组,但引入麦麸酸面团（10%、20%、30%）后面包比容和感官评定得分均高于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。小麦酸面团和麦麸酸面团以及小麦麸皮均可以改善面包的老化特性,在相同贮藏期内,酸面团面包和麦麸面包的硬度增加量、水分迁移量和老化焓值都低于空白组,并且添加麦麸酸面团的面包其硬度和老化焓值都低于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。     

水牛乳中高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

从生水牛乳中筛选出两株高产胞外多糖（EPS）的乳酸菌株LB2、LB7,经MRS肉汤培养基发酵后,菌液中的胞外多糖（EPS）产量分别达135 mg/L、148 mg/L,通过形态学、生理生化特征、API细菌鉴定系统、16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定出菌株LB2为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,LB7为类肠膜魏斯氏菌（Weissella paramesenteroides）。将其应用到水牛乳酸奶的发酵中,结果表明,植物乳杆菌LB2和类肠膜魏斯氏菌LB7均可用来发酵水牛乳酸奶,且能有效增加酸奶的黏度和胞外多糖产量,其黏度和EPS产量分别为4 050 mPa·s和149 mg/L。     

高产植酸酶乳酸菌及其黑豆酸面团发酵低植酸营养面包研究

从自然发酵的黑豆中筛选出一株具有高植酸酶活性的乳酸菌L-19并将其作为发酵剂制作黑豆酸面团。通过响应面分析法对黑豆酸面团的发酵工艺进行优化,探究最佳发酵条件下目标菌株的生长及产酸特性,并分析体系中多肽的分子量分布及抗营养因子含量变化,同时以感官品评的方式对黑豆酸面团面包的烘焙特性进行评价。结果表明:乳酸菌L-19经鉴定为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici),其胞外酶与胞内酶活性分别为1.36,0.30 U/mL。通过响应面设计确定的最优发酵条件为面团得率(DY)300、发酵温度37℃、接种量8%,黑豆基质中,目标菌株生长良好、酸化能力适中。黑豆酸面团经发酵后,体系中的多种抗营养因子得到有效降解,其中植酸降解率高达62.70%。此外,黑豆蛋白水解后释放出多种肽,其中小分子肽占比达51.47%。与对照组相比,L-19黑豆酸面团面包表现出更高的整体可接受度。因此,乳酸片球菌L-19能够有效改善黑豆酸面团面包的营养及感官品质,具有较佳的应用潜力。     

酸面团在馒头发酵中的应用研究进展

酸面团是一种以乳酸菌和酵母菌为主要菌群的发酵剂,其在保留馒头作为传统食品原有特色的基础上,达到改善馒头品质并延长保质期的作用。酸面团发酵生产馒头过程中微生物代谢产生酸、醇、酯和胞外多糖等风味物质和营养物质,同时降解面筋蛋白改善馒头比容和质构特性。本文介绍了酸面团的发酵类型、主要微生物菌群及功能,从风味特性、表观特性及营养特性三个方面分析了酸面团发酵在馒头中的应用对其品质的改善作用,并提出酸面团发酵目前存在的加工工艺具有局限性等问题,为酸面团馒头工业化生产提供理论指导。     

Influence of in-situ synthesized exopolysaccharides on the quality of gluten-free sorghum sourdough bread

The majority of gluten-free breads on the market are of poor sensory and textural quality. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) formed from sucrose during sourdough fermentation can improve the technological properties of gluten-free breads and potentially replace hydrocolloids. In this study, the influence of in situ formed EPS on dough rheology and quality of gluten-free sorghum bread was investigated. Dextran forming Weissella cibaria MG1 was compared to reuteran producing Lactobacillus reuteri VIP and fructan forming L. reuteri Y2. EPS containing bread batters were prepared by adding 10% and 20% of sourdough. As control served batters and bread containing sourdoughs fermented without sucrose and batters and bread without sourdough addition. The amount of EPS formed in situ ranged from 0.6 to 8.0 g/kg sourdough. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation were responsible for the significant decrease in dough strength and elasticity, with in situ formed dextran exhibiting the strongest impact. Increased release of glucose and fructose from sucrose during fermentation enhanced CO? production of yeast. Organic acids in control sourdough breads induced hardening of the bread crumb. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation masked the effect of the organic acids and led to a softer crumb in the fresh and stored sorghum bread. Among EPS, dextran showed the best shelf life improvements. In addition to EPS, all three strains produced oligosaccharides during sorghum sourdough fermentation contributing to the nutritional benefits of gluten-free sorghum bread. Results of this study demonstrated that EPS formed during sourdough fermentation can be successfully applied in gluten-free sorghum flours to improve their bread-making potentials.     

Effect of sourdough at different concentrations on quality and shelf life of bread

The objective of this work was to study the effect of sourdough obtained with selected exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the quality of bread and its shelf life. Two sourdough concentrations were used in order to ascertain the best bread composition. Fresh bread quality was studied by means of microbiological, physical, chemical and mechanical analysis, whereas physical, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated to study the product shelf life. The results showed that dough prepared with 30 g/100 g of sourdough had a negative impact on bread quality properties in the absence of EPS-producing LAB strains, whereas the opposite was observed in the presence of EPS-producing strains: bread samples at 30 g/100 g of sourdough showed higher volume, higher moisture content and better mechanical properties during storage than samples at 20 g/100 g of sourdough. Moreover, 30 g/100 g of sourdough showed a protective effect on bread staling, thus confirming the effect of sourdough concentration and the positive role of EPS on functional properties.     

Exploitation of buckwheat sourdough for the production of wheat bread

This study investigates the exploitation of buckwheat sourdough for the production of wheat bread. The fermentation induced extensive hydrolysis of buckwheat main storage proteins, but did not influence the total protein, starch and polyphenols content of buckwheat. Buckwheat sourdough was incorporated at 10 and 20?% (w/w) in wheat dough, and control doughs were produced with the addition of a chemically acidified (CA) buckwheat batter. The addition of buckwheat sourdough greatly affected the rheological properties of the dough, by inducing a strengthening of the gluten network and decrease in elasticity. The acidification of wheat dough also stimulated the baker’s yeast activity during proofing, resulting in higher release of CO₂ in shorter times (volume of CO₂ released (ml), control dough, 1,671.5; dough with 10?% sourdough, 2,600; dough with 10?% chemically acidified dough, 2,715.5). The properties of wheat bread were enhanced by the addition of 10?% buckwheat sourdough, which led to higher specific volume (control, 3.41?ml/g; bread with 10?% sourdough, 4.03?ml/g) and softer crumb (crumb hardness, control, 5.28?N; bread with 10?% sourdough, 3.93?N). On the other hand, the higher acidification level did not influence the bread volume, but slightly hardened the crumb (crumb hardness, bread with 20?% sourdough, 7.41?N; bread with 20?% chemically acidified dough, 6.48?N). The fermentation positively influenced the nutritional properties of buckwheat flour and wheat bread, in terms of polyphenols (control bread, 8.84?mg GAE/100?g; bread with 10 and 20?% sourdough, 17.83 and 18.20?mg GAE/100?g, respectively) and phytic acid contents. Incorporation of buckwheat sourdough also led to an extension in the shelf life of wheat bread, which became more evident for the higher addition level. Overall, the results of this study suggest that buckwheat sourdough represents a suitable tool for enhancing the overall quality and nutritional properties of wheat bread.     

Comparison of the effect of exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacteria from sourdough on dough characteristics and steamed bread quality

The use of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is promising in sourdough fermentation. However, the knowledge of the effects of various species of LAB on steamed bread making remains limited. In this study, the effects of two LAB with high EPS-producing capacity, namely Weissella cibaria L32 and Lactobacillus brevis L17 on dough fermentation and steamed bread quality were estimated. The addition of these two LAB strains significantly increased the titratable acidity and protease activity during the dough fermentation, especially L. brevis L17. Although the in situ EPS synthesised by LAB could improve the steamed bread quality, excessive acidification of L. brevis L17 would still increase the protease activity and thus destroy its gluten network structure. As a result, the steamed bread fermented with L. brevis L17 had the lowest specific volume and hardest texture in comparison with the steamed bread fermented with W. cibaria L32 and with added EPS produced by W. cibaria L32 and L. brevis L17. These results indicated that different EPS-producing LAB exhibited distinctive dough fermentation characteristics, and the in situ EPS-producing W. cibaria L32 could improve steamed bread quality, which confirmed its potential application in steamed bread making.     

Exopolysaccharides from Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria

The use of sourdough improves the quality and increases the shelf life of bread. The positive effects are associated with metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during sourdough fermentation, including organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation by glycansucrase activity from sucrose influence the viscoelastic properties of the dough and beneficially affect the texture and shelf life (in particular, starch retrogradation) of bread. Accordingly, EPS have the potential to replace hydrocolloids currently used as bread improvers and meet so the consumer demands for a reduced use of food additives. In this review, the current knowledge about the functional aspects of EPS formation by sourdough LAB especially in baking applications is summarized.     

Effects of wheat sourdough process on the quality of mixed oat-wheat bread

The aim of this work was to study the effects of sourdough fermentation of wheat flour with Lactobacillus plantarum, on the quality attributes of mixed oat-wheat bread (51 g whole grain oat flour and 49 g/100 g white wheat flour). Emphasis was laid both on β-glucan stability as well as bread structure and sensory quality. The variables of the sourdough process were: dough yield (DY), fermentation time, fermentation temperature, and amount of sourdough added to the bread dough. The sourdough process was shown to be a feasible method for mixed oat-wheat bread, and, when optimized, provided bread quality equal to straight dough baking. A small amount (10g/100 g dough) of slack sourdough fermented at high temperature for a long time resulted in the most optimal sourdough bread with the highest specific volume (3.5 cm³/g), the lowest firmness after 3 days storage (0.31 kg), and low sensory sourness with high intensity of the crumb flavour. Wheat sourdough parameters did not affect the content of oat β-glucan in the bread. Additionally, both straight dough and sourdough bread contained 1.4-1.6 g β-glucan/100 g fresh bread. The average molecular weight of β-glucan was 5.5 × 10⁵ in both types of bread, while that of oat flour was 10 × 10⁵. This indicates that a slight degradation of β-glucan occurred during proofing and baking, and it was not affected by variation in the acidity of the bread between pH 4.9-5.8.     

Impact of sourdough on the texture of bread

Sourdough has been used since ancient times and its ability to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of bread has been widely described. During sourdough fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a number of metabolites which have been shown to have a positive effect on the texture and staling of bread, e.g. organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and/or enzymes. EPS produced by LAB have the potential to replace more expensive hydrocolloids used as bread improvers. Organic acids affect the protein and starch fractions of flour. Additionally, the drop in pH associated with acid production causes an increase in the proteases and amylases activity of the flour, thus leading to a reduction in staling. While improving the textural qualities of bread, sourdough fermentation also results in increased mineral bioavailability and reduced phytate content. In this review we will be discussing the effect of sourdough on wheat and rye bread as well as the potential of sourdough to improve the quality of gluten-free bread.     

Evaluation of Leuconostoc citreum HO12 and Weissella koreensis HO20 isolated from kimchi as a starter culture for whole wheat sourdough

Leuconostoc citreum HO12 and Weissella koreensis HO20 isolated from kimchi were evaluated as starter cultures in the making of whole wheat sourdough bread. After 24 h of fermentation at 25 °C, both lactobacilli grew to the final cell numbers of ca. 10⁹ cfu/g dough, and both doughs had similar pHs and total titratable acidities. In addition, the fermentation quotient of the dough with Lc. citreum HO12 was slightly lower than that of the dough with W. koreensis HO20 (1.6 versus 2.8). Sourdoughs and bread with 50% sourdough produced with the starter cultures exhibited consistent ability to retard the growth of bread spoilage fungi (Penicillium roqueforti and Aspergillus niger) and rope-forming bacterium (Bacillus subtilis). Sourdough breads underwent a significant reduction in bread firming during storage. It seems that both lactobacilli have the potential to improve the shelf-life of wheat bread. The results indicate that the selected lactobacilli have unique fermentation characteristics and produce sourdough breads with overall satisfactory quality.